Table Of ContentTHE ISLAMIC MOVEMENT IN
EGYPT
A PUBLICATION OF THE GRADUATE
INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES,
GENEVA
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THE ISLAMIC
MOVEMENT IN EGYPT
Perceptions of International Relations
1967-81
Walid Mahmoud Abdelnasser
~~ ~~~!~;n~~:up
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published in 1994 by
Kegan Paul International
This edition first published in 2011 by
Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© The Graduate Institute ofinternational Studies 1994
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 10: 0-7103-0469-2 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-0-7103-0469-8 (hbk)
Publisher's Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint
but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be
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holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been
unable to trace.
To my Mother, who taught me that one's success depends on
one's commitment, will, hard work and perseverance; to all
that she has done for me;
To my Father, who taught me that one's value is derived from
one's involvement with the surrounding milieu;
To my Brother, in whose library I read for the first time in my
life terms that later largely shaped my intellectual orientations;
To my dear Lebanese friend Yasir Sabra, from whom I once
learned what true friendship means.
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ix
Introduction 1
I Methodology 3
II Operational definitions 4
III Internal versus external issues 14
IV Documentation 15
v Organization 16
1 A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 20
I Islam and foreign policy 20
II al-1 Afghany I I Abdul Rida and the challenges facing
the Muslim world 27
III The Muslim Brethren (al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun)
(1928-54) and international relations 33
IV The general pattern of the development of al-
Ikhwan al-Muslimun 1954-81 56
v al-Jamalat al-Islamya (the Islamic Associations) in the
universities 59
VI Clandestine Islamic organizations 61
2 THE INTERNAL ISSUES OF THE MUSLIM WORLD 65
I The attitude towards the Iranian revolution 65
II Perception of the rest of the Muslim world 77
III The attitude towards selected individual Muslim
countries 82
THE ISLAMIC MOVEMENT IN EGYPT
IV The unity of the Muslim world 96
Conclusions 115
3 THE EXTERNAL CHALLENGES FACING THE MUSLIM
WORLD 117
I The Israeli Zionist threat 117
II Attitudes towards the West 146
III The Communist challenge 172
Conclusions 184
4 ELEMENTS FOR A GLOBAL VIEW OF
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 188
I From 'Liberation' to "Umma' 188
II The concept of ']ahiliya' and the perception of the
world order 194
III The conception of 'Jihad' 198
IV The conception of international relations 209
V The perception of an international conspiracy
against Islam and the Muslim world 218
VI The prospective global role of Islam 228
VII The perception of the relationship between
external challenges and internal developments in
the Muslim world 237
Conclusions 243
CONCLUSION 247
BIBLIOGRAPHY 263
ANNEXES 285
1 An index of proper names 287
2 A chronology of main relevant events 290
3 A glossary 292
INDEX 295
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work is the fruit of extensive research and persistent hard
work to which I devoted my efforts in the period between 1987
and 1991, in order to fulfil requirements for obtaining the PhD
degree from the University of Geneva (the Graduate Institute
of International Studies).
I wish to take this opportunity to express my due gratitude
towards my thesis supervisors, Professor Harish Kapur, Pro
fessor Mohammed Reza Djalili and Professor Georges Abi Saab.
Their great sense of commitment and involvement were indis
pensable in developing my work. Their reading and re-reading
of my initial drafts along with their patient encouragement are
going to be an unforgettable memory for me.
I cannot fail to express my sincere gratitude to Professor P.
J. Vatikiotis for kindly accepting to be the external examiner of
my thesis and for his special interest in the subject.
Special thanks are due to those whom I interviewed in the
context of undertaking research necessary for the thesis, par
ticularly Mr 'Adil Husain, Dr 'Ahmad Kamal 'Abdul-Majd, Mr
Fahmy Huaidy, and Dr Rif'at Sayyid 'Ahmad. I also thank Dr
Ahmad Khalifa, Dr Ali E. Hilal Dessouki, Dr Sa' d al-Din
Ibrahim, Dr Walid Kazziha, Dr Salwa Sha'rawy Jum'a and Dr
Mustafa Kamil al-Sayyid for their support and the illuminating
comments they made on the subject of my thesis, and for
the constructive suggestions they put forward concerning the
methodology of my work which were instrumental in guiding
this study and improving its content.
The completion of this work would not have been possible
without the sources that I looked for in various Egyptian book
shops and libraries, particularly the library of the American
ix
