The Internment of Western Civilians under the Japanese 1941-1945: A patchwork of internment

298 Pages·2004·2 MB·English

by  Bernice Archer

THE INTERNMENT OF WESTERN CIVILIANS UNDER
THE JAPANESE 1941–1945
RoutledgeCurzon Studies in the Modern History of Asia
1 The Police in Occupation Japan
Control, corruption and resistance to reform
Christopher Aldous
2 Chinese Workers
A new history
Jackie Sheehan
3 The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia
Tai Yong Tan and Gyanesh Kudaisya
4 The Australia-Japan Political Alignment
1952 to the present
Alan Rix
5 Japan and Singapore in the World Economy
Japan’s Economic Advance into Singapore, 1870–1965
Shimizu Hiroshi and Hirakawa Hitoshi
6 The Triads as Business
Yiu Kong Chu
7 Contemporary Taiwanese Cultural Nationalism
A-chin Hsiau
8 Religion and Nationalism in India
The Case of the Punjab
Harnik Deol
9 Japanese Industrialisation
Historical and Cultural Perspectives
Ian Inkster
10 War and Nationalism in China
1925–1945
Hans J. van de Ven
11 Hong Kong in Transition
One Country, Two Systems
Edited by Robert Ash, Peter Ferdinand, Brian Hook and Robin Porter
12 Japan’s Postwar Economic Recovery and Anglo-Japanese Relations,
1948–1962
Noriko Yokoi
13 Japanese Army Stragglers and Memories of the War in Japan,
1950–1975
Beatrice Trefalt
14 Ending the Vietnam War
The Vietnamese Communists’ Perspective
Ang Cheng Guan
15 The Development of the Japanese Nursing Profession
Adopting and Adapting Western Influences
Aya Takahashi
16 Women’s Suffrage in Asia
Gender Nationalism and Democracy
Louise Edwards and Mina Roces
17 The Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 1902–1922
Phillips Payson O’Brien
18 The United States and Cambodia, 1870–1969
From Curiosity to Confrontation
Kenton Clymer
19 Capitalist Restructuring and the Pacific Rim
Ravi Arvind Palat
20 The United States and Cambodia, 1969–2000
A Troubled Relationship
Kenton Clymer
21 British Business in Post-Colonial Malaysia, 1957–70
‘Neo-colonialism’ or ‘Disengagement’
Nicholas J. White
22 The Rise and Decline of Thai Absolutism
Kullada Kesboonchoo Mead
23 Russian Views of Japan, 1792–1913
An Anthology of Travel Writing
David N. Wells
24 The Internment of Western Civilians under the Japanese, 1941–1945
A Patchwork of Internment
Bernice Archer

THE INTERNMENT OF WESTERN
CIVILIANS UNDER THE JAPANESE
1941–1945
A Patchwork of Internment
BERNICE ARCHER
First Published in 2004 in Great Britain by
RoutledgeCurzon
11 New Fetter Lane,
London EC4 4EE
and in the United States of America by
RoutledgeCurzon
29 West 35th Street,
New York, NY 1001
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
Copyright © 2004 Bernice Archer
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data:
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 0-203-32587-7 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0 7146 5592 9 (cloth)
ISBN 0 7146 8478 3 (paper)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Archer, Bernice, 1940–
The internment of Western civilians under the Japanese 1941–1945: a patchwork
of internment/Bernice Archer.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7146-5592-9
1. World War, 1936–1945 – Prisoners and prisons, Japanese. 2. World War,
1938–1945 – Concentration camps – Orient. 3. Concentration camps – Orient. 4.
Prisoners of war – Orient – Social conditions – 20th century. 8. Concentration
camps – Orient – Psychological aspects – 20th century. I. Title.
DS05.J3A65 2004
940.53’17’0952––dc22 2003062609
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or
introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior
written permission of the publisher of this book.
Japan went to war with virtually no policy for the treatment of pris-
oners, especially enemy civilian internees. It could further be said
that this problem was not even one of great concern for the Japanese
Government.
Japanese Historian, Utsumi Aiko, 1996
vii

CONTENTS
List of Illustrations x
Acknowledgements xii
Introduction 1
Chapter One The Prelude to War 29
Chapter Two The Men’s Response to Internment 65
Chapter Three The Women’s Response to Internment 115
Chapter Four The Children’s Response to Internment 173
Chapter Five Conclusion 217
Epilogue 237
Appendix Notes on the Oral History: Method Interviews
and Correspondents 246
References 253
Index 274