Table Of ContentThe International Politics of
Human Rights
Theresponsibilitytoprotect(R2P)isatacrossroads,thelatestinajourneythatis
only 10 years old. This book presents debates on the prevention of mass atrocities
toR2P’snormativeprospects.
It addresses key questions as away to inform and drive on-going conversations
aboutR2P.Movingbeyondwell-rehearseddebatesaboutthetensionsandmeanings
around sovereignty in R2P practice, it focuses on advancing thecredibilityofthe
preventivedimensionsofR2P,whilesimultaneouslyexamining the extent of R2P’s
current value-added in state decision making—especially for the 2011 actions in
Libya and Côte d’Ivoire.
Questionsaddressedinclude:
(cid:2) Did the 2005 World Summit’s R2P framework intend to remold sovereignty,
andifsohow?
(cid:2) CanR2Pbreakoravertcyclesofviolence?
(cid:2) How can one determine the appropriate duration and timing of the preventive
andprotectivephasesofR2P?
(cid:2) Who/whatshouldbethetargetsofpreventiveaction,andhowdoesthishavean
impactonR2Pdiplomacy?
(cid:2) Underwhichconditionsareparticularpolicytoolslikelytobeeffective?
(cid:2) Whichstateandregionalactorsarebestsuitedtousingthesetools?
(cid:2) Whatarethebarrierstosuccessfulpreventiveaction—howcantheybeovercome?
(cid:2) Whatcapacitiesneedtobebuilt(atthenational,regional,andinternationallevels)in
ordertooperationalizeR2P’spreventiveagenda?
Examining a wide range of countries, this work will be essential reading for
students and scholars of international human rights, international organizations,
peacekeeping, and conflict resolution.
MónicaSerranoisProfessorofInternationalRelationsatElColegiodeMéxico,Senior
ResearchAssociateattheCentreforInternationalStudies,UniversityofOxford,and a
Senior Fellow at the Ralph Bunche Institute for International Studies, CUNY.
ThomasG.WeissisPresidentialProfessorofPoliticalScienceatTheCUNYGraduate
Center and Director of the Ralph Bunche Institute for International Studies.
Routledge Global Institutions Series
Edited by Thomas G. Weiss
The CUNY Graduate Center, New York, USA
and Rorden Wilkinson
University of Manchester, UK
About the series
The Global Institutions Series has two “streams.” Those with blue
covers offer comprehensive, accessible, and informative guides to the
history, structure, and activities of key international organizations, and
introductions to topics of key importance in contemporary global
governance.Recognizedexpertsuseasimilarstructuretoaddressthegen-
eral purpose and rationale for specific organizations along with histor-
ical developments, membership, structure, decision-making procedures,
key functions, and an annotated bibliography and guide to electronic
sources. Those with red covers consist of research monographs and
edited collections that advance knowledge about one aspect of global
governance; they reflect awide variety of intellectual orientations, the-
oretical persuasions, and methodological approaches. Together the two
streams provide a coherent and complementary portrait of the pro-
blems,prospects,and possibilities confrontingglobalinstitutionstoday.
Related titles in the series include:
Shaping the Humanitarian World (2009)
by Peter Walker and Daniel G. Maxwell
Responsibility to Protect (2011)
edited by Rama Mani and Thomas G. Weiss
Humanitarianism Contested (2011)
by Michael Barnett and Thomas G. Weiss
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
(2nd edition, 2012)
by Gil Loescher, Alexander Betts, and James Milner
Human Rights and Humanitarian Norms, Strategic Framing,
and Intervention (2013)
by Melissa Labonte
The International Politics of
Human Rights
Rallying to the R2P cause?
Edited by
Mónica Serrano and Thomas G. Weiss
RO Routledge
U
TLED Taylor & Francis Group
G
E
LONDON AND NEW YORK
Firstpublished2014
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
andbyRoutledge
711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninforma
business
©2014MónicaSerranoandThomasG.Weissforselectionand
editorialmatter;individualcontributorsfortheircontributions
TherightofMónicaSerranoandThomasG.Weisstobeidentified
astheeditorsofthisworkhasbeenassertedbytheminaccordance
withtheCopyright,DesignsandPatentAct1988.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedor
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BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritish
Library
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
Theinternationalpoliticsofhumanrights:rallyingtotheR2P
cause?/editedbyMónicaSerranoandThomasG.Weiss.
pagescm.–(Globalinstitutions)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
1.Responsibilitytoprotect(Internationallaw)2.
Humanitarianintervention.3.Atrocities–Prevention.4.Genocide–
Prevention.5.Humanrights–Politicalaspects.I.Serrano,Mónica,
editorofcompilation.II.Weiss,ThomasGeorge,editorof
compilation.
KZ4082.I582014
341.4'8–dc23
2013025943
ISBN:978-0-415-62633-0(hbk)
ISBN:978-0-415-62634-7(pbk)
ISBN:978-1-315-85142-6(ebk)
TypesetinTimesNewRoman
byTaylor&FrancisBooks
Contents
List of illustrations vii
List of contributors viii
Foreword by Edward C. Luck xiii
Foreword by the series editor xx
Acknowledgments xxii
List of abbreviations xxiv
Introduction: is R2P “cascading”? 1
MÓNICASERRANOANDTHOMASG.WEISS
PARTI
The responsibility to prevent: applying diverse tools 27
1 Mediation and the prevention of mass atrocities 29
EILEENF.BABBITT
2 From coercive to protective tools: the evolution of
targeted sanctions 48
ALEXANDRADOSREISSTEFANOPOULOSAND
GEORGEA.LOPEZ
3 Monitoring and fact finding by UN human rights
mechanisms 67
EKKEHARDSTRAUSS
4 The International Criminal Court 87
MARTINMENNECKE
vi Contents
Part II
The responsibility to react: value added in the first decade 105
5 Brazil and R2P: responsibility while protecting 107
MONICAHERZ
6 India and R2P’s burdens of dissent and accommodation 129
KUDRATVIRK
7 Is China like the other permanent members? Governmental
and academic debates on R2P 148
LIUTIEWA
8 Nigeria and South Africa: on the concept “every African is
his brother’s keeper” 171
ADEKEYEADEBAJO
9 Turkey and R2P: ambivalence in promoting human rights? 192
PHILIPROBINS
10 Flesh on doctrinal bones? The United States and R2P 208
TOMJ.FARERANDCLAUDIAFUENTESJULIO
11 R2P’s unfinished journey 228
MÓNICASERRANOANDTHOMASG.WEISS
Index 254
Global Institution Series
Illustrations
Figures
7.1 R2P-related articles published, 2006–12 158
7.2 Attitudes toward R2P in published articles 158
Tables
1.1 Comparing human rights and mediation 30
2.1 Selection of Security Council sanctions on Libya 54
2.2 Selection of Security Council sanctions on Côte d’Ivoire 57
5.1 Brazil’s voting record on Security Council resolutions
relevant to R2P 115
5.2 Brazil’s voting record on selected Human Rights Council
resolutions 119
6.1 India’s voting positions on key UN resolutions 141
7.1 China’s voting record in main UN forums 153
7.2 Academic paperswith an affirmative attitude toward
R2P 154
7.3 Academic paperswith a neutral attitude toward R2P 155
7.4 Academic paperswith a negative attitude toward R2P 157
7.5 Master’s theses related to R2P 159
Contributors
Adekeye Adebajo is Executive Director of the Centre for Conflict
Resolution in Cape Town, South Africa. A former Rhodes Scholar
attheUniversityofOxford,hewastheDirectoroftheAfricanProgram
at the International Peace Academy (now Institute) and also a staff
memberforUNmissionsinSouthAfrica,WesternSahara,andIraq.
He is the author of four books on African politics and multi-
lateralism:Building PeaceinWestAfrica(2002);Liberia’sCivilWar
(2002);TheCurseofBerlin:AfricaaftertheColdWar(2010);andUN
Peacekeeping in Africa: From the Suez Crisis to the Sudan Conflicts
(2011). He also has edited six books on topics linked to interna-
tional peace and security ranging from managing global conflicts to
the United Nations, the European Union, West African security,
and South Africa’s and Nigeria’s foreign policies toward Africa.
Eileen F. Babbitt is Professor of the Practice of International Conflict
Analysis and Resolution, Director of the International Negotiation
and Conflict Resolution Program, and Co-director of the Program
on Human Rights and Conflict Resolution at Tufts University’s
FletcherSchoolofLawandDiplomacy;sheisalsoaFacultyAssoci-
ate of the Program on Negotiation at the Harvard Law School. Her
quarter-century as a practitioner includes work in the Middle East
and the Balkans employed by the UN, various US government
agencies, regional organizations, and NGOs. In addition to numer-
ousarticles and book chapters,sheistheco-editorofHumanRights
and Conflict Resolution in Context: Colombia, Sierra Leone, and
Northern Ireland (2009); and Negotiating Self-Determination (2007).
Tom J. Farer is University Professor at Denver University and former
Dean of the Josef Korbel School of International Studies. He pre-
viouslywasPresidentoftheUniversityofNewMexicoandatwo-term
member and Chair of the Inter-American Commission on Human
Contributors ix
Rights, and he served in the US Departments of State and Defense
and as legal advisor to the UN Operation in Somalia. He was co-
editor of Global Governance and is on the editorial boards of the
American Journal of International Law, Human Rights Quarterly,
Chinese Journal of International Law, and The International Spec-
tator; he also founded the electronic journal Human Rights &
Human Welfare. He has published 12 books, and his articles have
appeared in such journals as the New York Review of Books,
London Review ofBooks,World Politics,International Organization,
Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, the Harvard and Columbia Law
Reviews, and Human Rights Quarterly.
Claudia FuentesJulio isaPhD candidateintheJosefKorbelSchoolof
International Studies at Denver University. Earlier she worked for
five years as a researcher at the Latin American Faculty of Social
Sciences (FLACSO-Chile) on foreign policy, human rights and
security, with a focus on Latin America. She has taught and lec-
tured in universities in the United States, Latin America, and the
Diplomatic Academy of Chile.
Monica Herz is Associate Professorof Political Science at the Catholic
University of Rio de Janeiro. She haswritten numerous articles and
book chapters on Latin American security and Brazilian foreign
policy in addition to authoring or co-authoring three books: Inter-
nacionais: histórias e práticas (2004); Ecuador vs. Peru: Peace-
making Amid Rivalry (2002); and The Organization of American
States: Global Governance away from the Media (2011). She is
currently working on abook about the BRICS.
George A. Lopez holds the Hesburgh Chair in Peace Studies at the
University of Notre Dame’s Kroc Institute. In 2010–11, he served
on the UN Panel of Experts for monitoring and implementing UN
sanctions on North Korea. His research focuses primarily on the
problems of state violence, economic sanctions, violations of human
rights, and ethics and the use of force. Working often with David
Cortright,hehaswrittenmorethan25articlesandbookchaptersas
well as six books on economic sanctions, including The Sanctions
Decade: Assessing UN Strategies in the 1990s (2000). Their research
detailing the unlikely presence of weapons of mass destruction in
Iraq appeared in 2002 before the war, “Disarming Iraq” in Arms
Control Today (2002), and was further substantiated in 2004 after
the war, “Containing Iraq: The Sanctions Worked” in Foreign
Affairs.
