The International Dimension of Genocide in Rwanda

222 Pages·1998·12.56 MB·English

by  Arthur Jay Klinghoffer (auth.)

THE INTERNATIONAL DIMENSION OF
GENOCIDE IN RWANDA
Also by Arthur Jay Klinghoffer
FRAUD OF THE CENTURY
ISRAEL AND THE SOVIET UNION (with Judith Apter Klinghoffer)
OILING THE WHEELS OF APARTHEID
RED APOCALYPSE: The Religious Evolution of Soviet Communism
SOVIET PERSPECTIVES ON AFRICAN SOCIALISM
THE ANGOLAN WAR
THE DYNAMICS OF SOVIET POLICY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
(with Michael Radu)
THE GLOBAL POLITICS OF GOLD (with Dilip Ghosh)
THE SOVIET UNION AND INTERNATIONAL OIL POLITICS
The International
Dimension of Genocide
in Rwanda
Arthur Jay Klinghoffer
Professor of Political Science
Rutgers University
New Jersey
USA
©Arthur Jay Klinghoffer 1998
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 978-0-333-73203-8
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of
this publication may be made without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or
transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with
the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988,
or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court
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Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this
publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil
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The author has asserted his right to be identified
as the author of this work in accordance with the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 1998 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS
and London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
ISBN 978-1-349-40683-8 ISBN 978-0-230-37506-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230375062
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library.
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and
made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98
To the memory of Yakubu Karera Sabune

Contents
Acknowledgements viii
List ofA bbreviations ix
Part I
1 Mission Unaccomplished 3
2 The Bubbling Cauldron 6
Part II
3 Return From Exile 13
4 Troubled Times 19
5 Toward the Precipice 30
Part III
6 Turning a Blind Eye 41
7 Arms Over Plowshares 50
8 Aftermath 61
Part IV
9 Mrican Limitations 75
10 French and Belgian Prevarication 80
11 American Reticence 91
Part V
12 Parameters of Genocide 103
13 Crime and Punishment 117
Part VI
14 Humanitarian Intervention 131
15 A Comparative Perspective 141
16 Sovereignty's Death Throes 154
Notes 165
Index 211
vii
Acknowledgements
A most heartfelt thanks to the Norwegian Nobel Institute, which
supported my research with a Nobel fellowship and provided a com
fortable and stimulating home away from home in Oslo. I am most
grateful for the assistance and companionship of the whole Nobel
'gang,' notably Geir, Odd Arne, Arne, Sigrid, Torill, Anne, Elizabeth,
Inger Guri and Torsten. My own institution, Rutgers University, also
played a crucial role in my endeavor under the auspices of the Faculty
Academic Study Program as it granted me a year's leave as well as
critical financial backing.
Please note that accent marks are not used for Rwandan and French
names, political parties or media sources. This is to avoid possible
errors through addition or omission as many original documents do
not include such notation.
Arthur Jay Klinghoffer
Cherry Hill, New Jersey
viii
List of Abbreviations
ACHPR African Commission on Human and People's Rights
AID Agency for International Development
CDR Coalition pour la Defense de la Republique
FAR Forces Armees Rwandaises
Frodebu Front pour la Democratie au Burundi
HRFOR Human Rights Field Operation in Rwanda
ICJ International Court of Justice
MDR Mouvement Democratique Republicain
MRND Mouvement Revolutionnaire National pour le
Developpement (name changed in April1991 to
Mouvement Republicain National pour le
Developpement et la Democratie)
NMOG Neutral Military Observer Group
OAU Organization of African Unity
Parmehutu Parti du Mouvement de !'Emancipation des Bahutu
PDC Parti Democrate Chretien
PSD Parti Social Democrate
RPA Rwandan Patriotic Army
RPF Rwandan Patriotic Front
RTLM Radio Television Libre des Mille Collines
UN United Nations
UNAMIR United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda
UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees
UNOMUR United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda
ix