Table Of ContentFLORA & FAUNA HANDBOOK No. 11
INSECT AND SPIDER COLLECTIONS
OF THE WORLD
(Second Edition)
Flora & Fauna Handbooks
This series of handbooks provides for the publication of book length
working tools useful to systematics for the identification of specimens, as
a source of ecological and life history information, and for information
about the classification of plant and animal taxa. Each book is sequen-
tially numbered, starting with Handbook No. 1, as a continuing series.
The books are available on a standing order basis, or singly.
Each book treats a single biological group of organisms (e.g;, family,
subfamily, single genus, etc.) or the ecology of certain organisms or cer-
tain regions. Catalogs and checklists of groups not covered in other series
are included in this series.
The books are complete by themselves, not a continuation or sup-
plement to an existing work, and do not require another work in order to
use this one. The books are comprehensive, and therefore, of general
interest.
The books in this series to date are:
Handbook No. 1, 1985. THE SEDGE MOTHS, by John B. Heppner
Handbook No. 2, 1992, 2nd printing, slightly revised. INSECTS AND PLANTS: Paral-
lel Evolution and Adaptation, by Pierre Jolivet
Handbook No. 3, 1988. THE POTATO BEETLES, by Richard L. Jacques, Jr.
Handbook No. 4, 1988. THE PREDACEOUS MIDGES OF THE WORLD, by Willis W.
Wirth and William L. Grogan, Jr.
Handbook No. 5, 1990. A CATALOG OF THE NEOTROPICAL COLLEMBOLA, by
Jose A. Mari Mutt and Peter F. Bellinger
Handbook No. 6. 1990. THE ENDANGERED ANIMALS OF THAILAND, by Stephen R.
Humphries and James R. Bain
Handbook No. 7, 1990. A REVIEW OF THE GENERA OF NEW WORLD MYMARIDAE,
by Carl M. Yoshimoto
Handbook No. 8, 1990. MAYFLIES OF THE WORLD: A Catalog of the Family and
Genus Group Taxa, by Michael D. Hubbard
Handbook No. 9, 1993. CATALOG OF THE SOFT SCALE INSECTS OF THE WORLD,
by Yair Ben Dov
Handbook No. 10, 1993. NORTH AMERICAN PSOCOPTERA, by Edward L. Mock-
ford
Handbook No. 11, (2nd Edition, 1993). INSECT AND SPIDER COLLECTIONS OF THE
WORLD, by Ross H. Arnett, Jr., G. Allan Samuelson, and Gordon M. Nishida
Handbook No. 12, 1993. SPIDERS OF PANAMA, by W. Nentwig
u
THE INSECT AND SPIDER
COLLECTIONS OF THE WORLD
By
Ross H. Arnett, Jr.
Florida State Collection of Arthropods
Gainesville, Florida
G. Allan Samuelson
Bishop Museum
Honolulu, Hawaii
and
Gordon M. Nishida
Bishop Museum
Honolulu, Hawaii
SECOND EDITION
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Contents
Introduction 1
Use of the Information contained in this Directory 5
Rules for submitting specimens for identification 8
PART I. List of public insect and spider collections arranged alphabeti-
cally by country 9
Unknown and Unregistered Collections 244
PART II. List of codens for each collection 247
References 277
Index of taxa 279
Index to personnel 283
Questionnaire 305
v
VI
Introduction • 1
INTRODUCTION
The countries of the world follow in alphabetical sequence. These
countries have been taken from several sources and include necessary
changes due to the recent reorganization of various political regions. A
very thorough list of countries and islands, compiled by Gordon Nishida,
has been incorporated along with the study of two new atlases. Place
names in parentheses ( ) are cross-referenced to the countries to which
they belong or to the current name now in use. Still, it is difficult to
determine exactly what should be treated as a separate country. If they
belong to a "commonwealth” but function independently, we have given
them country status. At the present writing, we have listed 209 countries
by our definition. During the course of the preparation of this edition, we
have written to each of these government bodies and as a result have
added many previously unlisted collections, or we have determined that
no collection exists in these countries, and have so indicated. It is diffi-
cult to be certain if a "no-reply" means there is no collection, or simply
that the letter was ignored. In the list that follows we have given the
following: Zoogeographic Realm, the capital city of each (for possi-
ble future correspondence), the population (to give an idea of the
usefulness of a collection in that region) and the, the size in square
miles (to compare with the population). When we did not know of an
existing collection we sent the questionnaire to the "Minister of Informa-
tion" with good results. Otherwise we have written directly to the cura-
tors of known collections.
The zoogeographic Realm is given for each country, but of course,
some include more than one Realm. Oceania is treated as a Realm. The
older names "Ethiopian" and "Oriental" are changed to Afrotropical and
Indomalayan respectively.
Unique letter codens are used to abbreviate the name and address
of each collection for use in scientific papers and monographs to cite col-
lection data. Codens are sometimes called "acronyms" but this term is
inappropriate because usually an acronym is an abbreviation that is
pronounceable. Acronyms, of course, are sets of initials, and so are
codens. We have chosen to use the term "coden," which is defined as a
code classification assigned to documents and consists typically of four
capital letters (see Webster, 3rd ed.). We used this system for the Co-
leoptera collections (Arnett & Samuelson, 1969), and in the first edition
of this work (Arnett, et al. 1986). These works have been widely cited in
the literature and adopted by other directories and catalogs. We are
asked why we insist on four letters: we don't; we have just followed the
common useage for the sake of uniformity. We could use three, two, or
even one letter, or going the other way, five, six, and so on. Almost
everyone who has compiled a list of collection codes has used four let-
ters. We think it is convenient. However, in all known cases, we have
listed the three letter codens in the list and referred them to the four
letter coden. We started that way, and it has been accepted by the major-
ity of authors. That is satisfying.
2 • Handbook No. 11
This new edition. As the returns came in from the curators
throughout the World, two changes became apparent. First, most collec-
tions have undergone considerable expansion. Perhaps this is the result
of increased interest in cataloging the Earth's biota. Second, the staff and
support for these collections have been greatly reduced. In many cases
this is a critical situation. If it were not for the help of "overtime" work
by teaching staff, students, and "amateurs," collections might have
decreased instead of increased. This "renewed" interest is exciting, but
not new. Perhaps some of the many millions of dollars that are spent on
hysteric shouting and sign carrying could be diverted to true scientific
cataloging of the Earth's biota, this book would show even greater pro-
gress.
Obviously, many collections were omitted from the first edition due
to our lack of knowledge about collections, and many curators had not
return the completed questionnaires at the time we went to press. To
compile the first edition, we mailed, in March of 1983, the original ques-
tionnaire to all known museums. We used first class mail for mail to
museum in U.S.A., Canada, and Mexico, and air mail to mail to the other
countries. After a lapse of six months we mailed another questionnaire,
also by first class or air mail, to all of those who did not respond to the
original mailing. We also sent announcements to editors of many jour-
nals. These were published, giving us worldwide circulation. All of this
was expensive and time consuming, and accounts, in part, for the long
delay in the publication of the 1986 directory. Although several large
museums failed to respond even after repeated letters, we decided to go
to press without their input. Apparently we didn't reach the right person
at these institutions. Since then, after the first edition was published,
most of the large museums returned the forms. We have learned by
experience that addresses and telephone numbers change rapidly even
though the collections do not move! We have also learned that question-
naires are usually not welcomed and may be found deep in the pile of
unanswered mail. Also, it is apparent that we have written to many
places that do not have a collection of insects, or at least, only a few on
display. Many of these institutions have not answered. We have removed
several of these after carrying them for nearly a quarter of a century
(1967 when we started, to 1992 when this edition was basically complet-
ed). Other institutions, known to have collections, an d have not replied,
are listed, this time, with editorial notations, all constructive. After four
or more attempts, we must conclude that for some reason, these institu-
tions do not see the value of this project. We are dealing with a science
that depends heavily on voucher material. The search for this material is
time consuming for any researcher. We believe our efforts are time
saving for these scientists.
All museums listed in the first edition were again contacted in June
of 1992 for update and corrections. The results are included in this defi-
nitive edition. We call this a definitive edition because were are treating
all known public collections of insects and hope we have produced a
lasting volume. In most cases private collections are merged into the
public collection with which they are affiliated. This adds to the perma-
nent nature of this edition. We hope that the usefulness of this kind of
Introduction • 3
directory will be apparent to those in other disciplines and that others
will produce similar directories, using these codens, or adapting these to
serve as a uniform system for all of systematic biology.
A copy of our single questionnaire, useable by both public and
private collections is included at the end of the book. Please copy this
form and return to the publisher for possible supplements.
PART I of this book is a list and description of the public collections
known to us by the cut-off date of October 1, 1992. They are listed alpha-
betically by country. In some cases the curator did not return the proof of
their entry in the 1986 edition sent with the questionnaire. We assume
that there was very little change, so we used the entry as reported in the
1986 edition, and at the end of the entry, we inserted the date in brack-
ets, i.e., [1986]. In all other cases we entered the date [1992], meaning
the date we received the completed new questionnaire. In a very few
cases in the U.S.A. we have never received information about a collection
we know to exist, or we have only the information given in the 1969
book. We have made a note of this, and have written for the fourth time
to each of these.
The designation "Director’' means the curator or person in charge of
the collection, not necessarily the director of the museum. This has given
some concern. We have used "curator" wherever we have been asked to
do so.
We have, rarely, abstracted the information provided by the cura-
tors, but usually we have included all information received, sometimes
slightly edited for consistency. We continue to list most foreign collec-
tions even though they have not returned the forms, but we do not assert
that the addresses are correct and we are not always certain that the
collection does include insects other than those on display.
We have eliminated the separate section of private collections, but
have included the description of these collections arranged alphabetically
by the name of the owner, under the public collection with which they
are affiliated. This list is far from complete and consists mainly of collec-
tions in the USA and Canada. In almost every case the private collec-
tions listed are registered with a public collection (see end of part I for
those not registered). This registration procedure assures, in most cases,
that the collection can be found even though the address of the owner
changes or the collection is donated to a public institution. The private
collection owner has selected the museum with which to register and has
made arrangements for this with an appropriate curator.
We encountered one problem when we published a description of the
private collections of Coleoptera (1969) found in North America, started
to revise and expand it for the first edition of this work. Over 50% of the
collections listed in the first volume, have been moved, donated, or their
owners cannot be found, even though these collections contain voucher
material and sometimes even primary types. In the current editiion of
this directory this problem has been solved by requiring each private
collection to be registered with a public collection. Data for this part have
been compiled from forms that designate the collection registration. It
should be made clear that this designation does not mean that the collec-
tion has been deposited in that museum, or that it will be in the future.
