Table Of ContentTheI nformTaetcihonno lRoegvyo lution
AlsboyT omF orester
TheL abouPra rtya ndt hWeo rkiCnlga s(s1 976)
TheM icroelecRtervoonliuc(tsie o)d(n 1. 980)
The
InformaTteicohnn ology
Revolution
Editaendd i ntrodbuyc ed
TOM FORESTER
TheM ITP ress
CambriMdagses,a chusetts
Thidr printin1g9,8 6
FirMsItT P resesd iti1o9n8,5
© Editormiaatlt aenrd o rganizaTtoimo Fno rest1e9r8 5
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reproducsetdo,ri enda r etriseyvsatle omrt, r ansmititnae ndyf, o romr
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LibroaCfryo ngress iCPnau tballioDcgaauttiain ogn
Maine ntruyn detri tle:
TheI nformatteicohnn olroegvyo lution.
Bibliogrpa.p hy:
Includiensd ex.
1.C omputearnsdc iviliz2a.tC ioomnp.u ters.
1.F orestTeorm,.
QA76.9.C66I15938 53 03.4'88344- 23422
ISBN0 -262-060(9h5a-r7d )
0-262-56033(-pXa per)
Contents
Preface Vlll
Acknowledgments ix
EditIonrt'rso duction xiii
PARTO NE:T HEC OMPUTERR EVOLUTION
Chapt1e rI ntrodutcotIi nofno rmaTteicohnn ology
JohHna ltoTn hAen atoomfCy o mputing 3
BusinWeesesk SoftwtahNreee wD: r ivFionrgc e 27
CharlHe.Fs e rgusonC hitphsue:s v erJsaupsa n 45
GuitdoFe u rtRheeard ing 56
Chapt2e rA rtifIinctiealll iagnednt cheeF ifGtehn eration
WilliDa.mM arbacehta l.T hRea cteoB uialS du percompute60r
EdwarFde igenbaanudPm a melMac CorducLka nodft hRei sing
FifGtehn eration 71
JoeW eizenbaTumh Mey tohfAs rtiIfinctiealll igence 84
MargeatrA.B odenT hSeo cialo fTI hmipnakcMitan cgh ines 95
GuitdoFe u rtRheeard ing 104
Chapt3e rT heT elecommunicaEtxipolnoss ion
JohSn. M ayo Evoluotfti hIoenn t elNleitgweonrtk 106
BusinWeesesk TelecommunLiibceartailoinzsa tion 120
DuanLe. H uffT hMea goifCc e llRualdairo 137
RobeKrath na ndM artLi.nE rnst ThIem paocfCt a ble 147
MartMiany erT hVei deotex Revolution ISS
GuitdoFe u rtRheeard ing 162
vi Contents
PARTT WO:T HEH UMANI NTERFACE
Chapt4e rC omputeirnts h eH ome
H oo-mDi.nT oonagn dA marG uptaP ersCoonmaplu ters 169
SherryT urklTeh Pes ychooPfle orgsyCo onmaplu ters 182
JacNki lleTse lewofrrkoHimon mge 202
WilliLa.Rm e nfrSo ecoTnhdo ugohnt sM oviOnffigc Heto hmee 209
GuitdoFe u rther Reading 216
Chapt5e rC omputeirnSs c hools
FredeGroilcd eHn erCeo mteh Mei crokids 218
SeymouPra perCt ompuftoeCrrh si ldren 229
ChristopDheedre E ducatainoSdno acIlim apll ications 242
GuitdoFe u rtRheeard ing 258
Chapt6e rF actoAruyt omation
C.A .H udsonC ompuitnMe arnsu facturing 260
RobeArytr easn dS tevMei lleIrn dusRtorbiooatntls h e Line 273
GenBey linwsiktyAh l icHiial Mloso reF lexMiabnluef acturing
Systems 284
GuitdoFe u rtRheeard ing 295
Chapt7e rO ffiocfet h eF uture
VinceEn.Gt i uliaTnoh Mee chaniozfOa ffitciWeoo nr k 298
A.R ichaIrmdm elT hAeu tomOaftfiecMdey :tV he rsRuesa lity3 12
BusinWeesesk Personal ICnovmaOpdfuefit ceerss 322
GuitdoFe u rtRheeard ing 334
Chapt8e rB anks, ShHoopssp,i tals
MartLi.nE rnst ElectirnCo onmimcesr ce 336
JohMna rtain dA nthoZneyi linNgeerwT echnoilnBo agnyk ing
anSdh opping 350
JameDs. M eindlM icrionMs e dicine 359
GuitdoFe u rtRheeard ing 372
PARTT HREET:H EI MPACOTN WORK
Chapt9e rE mploymetnhteQ: u antiotfWy o rk
PatriJcekn kiAn utomaitGsio oofndo U rs 377
TimB radayn dS oniLail f JoLbo sNsoewsM, a ybSeo mLea ter 381
Contentvsi i
BusinWeesesk HigThe cihLs o wo nJ obs 390
DianWee rnekeW ometnh:Ve u lneGrraobulpe 400
GuitdoFe u rtRheeard ing 417
Chapt1e0r SkiltlhseQ: u aliotfWy o rk
JohCn hiledta l.T hQeu aloifEt myp loyimnSe enrtv ices 419
Barry WilkinsTohnPe o liotfTi eccsh nCihcaanlg e 439
DaviAd. B uchanaUns itnhgNe e wT echnology 454
GuitdoFe u rtRheeard ing 466
Chapt1e1r Managemeanntd L abotrh:eO rganizaotfWi oornk
FreKd. F oulkaensd JefLf.rH eyi rscRh oboatWtso rk 468
BernarLde acahn Jdo hn ShuCthti psC rainsLdpa sb:o r
FacaeC sr unch 480
PauWli llmaanndG rahaWmi nchT hMea kionftg h Mee tro 496
Roy Mooraen dH ugoL evieN ewT echnoalntodhg Ueyn ions 511
GuitdoFe u rtRheeard ing 528
PARTF OUR:I MPLICATIOFNOSR S OCIETY
Chapt1e2r SociParlo blems
LeslDi.Be a llC ompuCtreirm e 533
DaviBdu rnham DatPar otection 546
RichaMr d.N eustaEdtl ectProolniitci cs 561
GuitdoFe u rtRheeard ing 569
Chapt1e3r GlobaIls sues
JuanR ada InformTaetcihonnoa lntodhg Teyh iWrodr ld 571
WilliaPmeJrry. a ndC ynthAi.Ra o bert"sS maWreta"p ons 590
ChrFirse emaLn onWga voefsE conoDmeivce lopment 602
GuitdoFe u rtRheeard ing 617
Chapt1e4r Parametoefrt sh eP ost-induSsotcriieatly
YoneMjaisudaC omputopia 620
HowarRdo senbreotac lk. A N ewI ndusRtervioallu tion? 635
MichaMealrienS omQeu estfiotorhnI esn formSaotciioent y 648
GuitdoFe u rtRheeard ing 661
GeneGruailtd oFe u rtRheeard ing 663
Index 665
Preface
Al ohtah sa ppesnienmdcy pe r evcioolulse TchteM iicorno,el ecRtervoonliucs
tiofinr, asptp eairnJe udn1 e9,80 E.v esnoi ,it rs e marhkoawbm lueco hft he
discuisnts hivaootnl uimjseu assrt e letvoadnSatoyr .a tthheaarnt tetmop t
reviiitsn eat s oe cond Ieh daivlteeii fotttnos , t ainnid to sw nr igahnthd a ve
instperaodd uacs eedq uveoll ume, ceonntsioirfnse etlwmiy an tge pruibal
lisihnte hdfe o yuera brest wJeuenn1e 9,8a0 nJdu n1e9,84 .
Int hwiasy w eh avbee eanb lIeh ,o pteo,c ovtehrke e tye chnological
developomveetnrhpt ees r iaontddo t ratchkme a nsyo ccihaaln tgheaasrt e
folloownwi intggh r eraatp idAintdwy i.tm ho rcea sset urdayt thhearn
speculative mIat theirwniekha alv beea evanab iltleoaa cbhliaeem ,vu ec h
higohveerrs atlaln dard.
Oft h4e8p iehceers3e3 a ,r oefu s oriagnimdno sotft hree asrtBe r itAi sh.
totoaf2l9 w erfier psutb liisn1h9 e8o3d r1 9 841,5i n19 82a,n odn l4b ye fore
thaIta .mp articpurloaourfdtl hyfe a tchta1 3tw ersec ribpytw eodr king
enginaenedr/csoo rm pustceire nOtnicasegt asoi.un ar,i hma bse etnoh elp
bridtghgeea tph aC.tP .S nodwe scraistb he"edg uolfmf u tuianlc ompre
hensbieotnw"te heen c"utlwtouo rfse csi"e natnldii sbtaesrr tasl students.
Thep attoefer ancc hh aprteemra tihnsesa maen:i ntrodaurcttiioscr lye
usuaflollyl obwyee idt chaessret udoirpe ise tcheaset x plsoormeoe ft he
issiunge rse adteeprTt hhi.fs o rmhaaptsr ovuesdef foutrle acphuirnpgo ses.
Agaiakn e,fy e atouftr hbeeo oikts h ien cluosfci oomnp rehGeunisdievse
toF urtRheeard aittn hgee n odf e acchh ap(taenardtt heen odft hbeo ok),
whiacrhle o ngaenbrde totregra ntihztieisdm O eb.v iotuhselirysse, o me
overbleatpw teheenas sie n,d etehdei rsbee twtehecenh apttheermss elves;
sucihst hnea tuorfae w ortkh as�e etkors e pretshceeon mtp leevxo,l ving
whotlheia astd vanicneddu sstorciitaeoltd ya y.
TomF orester
Acknowledgments
Theed iatnotdrh peu bliasrghere art teotf hufelo llowing:
Addison-PWuebsllieCsyoh mipnagfn oyEr,d waFredi genabnaPdua mm ela
M.C ordu"cLka,no dft hRei siFnigfG tehn erarteiporni,fn"rt oTemhd e
FiftGhe neratbiyopn e,r miosfsA idodni son-CWoepsylre©iy 1g.9h 8tb3 y
Addison"PWuebslliCesoyh.R i,en agd iMnags,s achusetts.
AssocifaotrEi dounc atainodnT arla inTiencgh no(lAogEyTf To)r,
ChristDoepdhe"e,Er d ucaatniSdoo ncaIilma pll icarteipornifsnr,to"em d
"EducatSioocaninaaEdllt , h iIcmapll icoafTt eicohnnso lIongniocvaalt ion,"
ProgrammeLde arninagn dE ducatioTneaclh nolNogyo,v emb19e8r1R .e
prinbtype edr miosfAs EiToTnC. o pyr©i 1g98h1bt y A ETT.
BasBioco kIsn,ca .n,Hd a rvePsrteLestrsd f ,oS re ymoPuarp e"rCto,m pu
terfsoC rh ildrreenp,r"if nrtoeMmid n dstormCsh:i ldrCeonm,p utearnsd
PowerfIudle a©s, 1 98b0 yB asBioco Iknsc N.e,wY orCki t10y0 22a,n d
HarvePsrteeLsrts d B.r,i ghStuosns,Re exp.r ibnytp eedr misosfti hoen
publishers.
MargaAr.Be otd efno,"r T hSeo cIimapla ocfTt h inkMiancgh inpeusb,"
lisihnFeu dt urFees,b ru19a8r4Ry.e pribnypt eerdm iosfts hiaeou nt hor.
BritAisssho cifaottrhi Aeod nv anceomfSe cnite( nBcAeA fSo)Jr,o hCnh ild
eta I".T,h Qeu aloifEt myp loyimnSe enrtv iBceersn,La"er adac nhJd o hn
Shu"tCth,i apnCsdr isLpasb:o r aFC arcuensca hnC,dh" rFirse em"aLno,n g
WaveosfE conoDmiecv elopalmlre enptr,i"fn rtoPem.Kd . M arst(readn.d) ,
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Meetoiftn hgBe A ASA,u gu1s98t3p ,u blibsyFh readn PcienstL eorn,d on,
1984R.e pribnypt eerdm ission.
x Acknowledgements
DavAi.dB uchafnoa"rnU ,s itnhNgee wT echnolroegpyr,if"nr totemhd e
EuropeaMna nagementJovuorn1al,ln. ,o 2.,1 982a,n pdu bliisnDh aevdAi .d
BuchaannaDdna vBiodd dOyrg,a nisaitnti hoCeno sm putAegreG ,o wePrr ess,
Alder1s9h8o3.t ,
Business fWoe"reSk:,o fttwhaNere ewD: r ivFionrgc ree,p"r ifnrtotemhd e
Febru2a7,r1 9y8 4i,s soufBeu sinWeesesk "; TelecommuLniibceartailons
izatiroenp,r"if nrto"emTd e lecommutnhiGecl aotbBiaaoltn tsil:nte h,e"
Octo2b4e,1r 9 83i,s soufBe u sineWsese k"; PersCoonmaplu tIenrvsa de
Officerse,p"r ifnrto"emCd o mpSuhtoeHcrik tt shO ef ficient, h"Ae u gu8s, t
1983i,s soufBeu sinWeesesk ";H iTgehc ihsL owo nJ obrse,p"r inted from
"AmerRiucsaht eoHs i gThe chnofloGorrg oyw tihnt, h"Me a rc28h1, 9 83,
issouBfue s iness AWlerlee kp.r ibnyst peedcp iearlm iscsoipoynr©,i 1 g9h83t
an1d9 8b4y M cGrawI-nHciN.le,lwY ork 1C00i2t0y.
CounfcoiSrlc ieanncdSe o ci(eCtSySf )oH,ro waRrods enbertao Ic.k,
"AN ewI ndusRtervioallu rteiporni?fn"rt oNemedw TechnolSoogyc:i ety,
Employmeanntd S kilplu,b libsyth heCedS Si n19 81R.e pribnypt eerdm is
SIon.
Fortunfeo,Mr a rtMiany e"rT,h Vei deoRteevxo lurteiporni,fn"rt oemd
"ComiFnagsS te:r vTihcreosut ghTheV s etFo,r"t uNneo,v em1b4e1,r 98 3;
anGde nBey linwsiktAyhl icia Hills MMaonourfea,c St"yuFsrlienxgi ble
temsr,e"p rifnrtoe"mdT hRea cteot hAeu tomatic FForatcutneo,r y,"
Febru21a1,r9y8 3B.o trhe pribnypt eerdm iosfFs oirotnNu enweY ,o rCki ty
1002C0.o pyr©i 1g9h8t3.
Harvard BusRienveiseswf ,o Frr eKd. FoulaknedJs e ffLr.eH yi rsch,
"RobaotWt osr kr,e"p rifnrto"emPd e oMpalkeRe o boWtosr ki,nH"a rvard
BusinReesvsi eJw,a nuary-F1e9b84rr,ue aprryib nypt eerdm iosfst ihoen
HarvarBdu sinReesvsi ew.
ILO,f oDri aWneer ne"kWeo,m etnh:Ve u lneGrraobulrpee, p"r ifnrtoemd
MicroelecatnrdoO nfificcJseo bsT:h eI mpacotft hCeh iopn W omenE'msp loy
ment©, 1 983I,n ternLaatbiooOunrrag la niGzeanteiSvowani,,t zerland.
A.R ichIamrmde flo,"r T hAeu tomaOtffiecdeM :y tvhe rsRuesa lity,"
reprifnrtoPeompd u lCaorm putiMnagy1, 9 83b,yp ermiosfts hiaeou nt hor.
ManpoSweerrv Ciocmemsi s(sMiSoCfn)o T,ri mB raadnySd o nLiiaf" fJ,o b
LossNeosw M,a ybSeo mLea terre,p"r ifnrtoMemodn itorNienwg T ech
noloagyn dE mploymenbty,p ermisosfti hoMenS CC.o pyr©i g1h98t3 ,
HMSO.
Newsweefko,Wr i llDi.aM ma rbaectah I ., "TthoBe u iRalSa duc pee rcom-
