The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects -- Workshop Summary

235 Pages·2004·4.5 MB·English

by  Forum on Microbial Threats

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The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases:

Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research,

and Mitigating the Effects -- Workshop Summary

Stacey L. Knobler, Siobhan O'Connor, Stanley M.

Lemon, Marjan Najafi, Editors, Forum on Microbial
Threats

ISBN: 0-309-52672-8, 236 pages, 6 x 9, (2004)

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The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects -- Workshop Summary
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11026.html
THE INFECTIOUS
ETIOLOGY OF
CHRONIC DISEASES
Defining the Relationship,
Enhancing the Research, and
Mitigating the Effects
Workshop Summary
Stacey L. Knobler, Siobhán O’Connor, Stanley M. Lemon,
Marjan Najafi, Editors
Forum on Microbial Threats
Board on Global Health
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects -- Workshop Summary
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11026.html
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of
the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National
Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’
National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Food and Drug
Administration; U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Department of Defense; U.S.
Department of State; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; U.S. Department of Agriculture;
American Society for Microbiology; Burroughs Wellcome Fund; Ellison Medical Foundation;
Pfizer; GlaxoSmithKline; and The Merck Company Foundation. The views presented in this
report are those of the editors and attributed authors and are not necessarily those of the funding
agencies.
This report is based on the proceedings of a workshop that was sponsored by the Forum on
Microbial Threats. It is prepared in the form of a workshop summary by and in the name of the
editors, with the assistance of staff and consultants, as an individually authored document. Sec-
tions of the workshop summary not specifically attributed to an individual reflect the views of
the editors and not those of the Forum on Microbial Threats. The content of those sections is
based on the presentations and the discussions that took place during the workshop.
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Copyright 2004 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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Institute of Medicine is a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen
in Berlin.
COVER: The background for the cover of this workshop summary is a photograph of a batik
designed and printed specifically for the Malaysian Society of Parasitology and Tropical Medi-
cine. The print contains drawings of various parasites and insects; it is used with the kind
permission of the Society.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects -- Workshop Summary
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11026.html
“Knowing is not enough; we must apply.
Willing is not enough; we must do.”
—Goethe
Adviser to the Nation to Improve Health
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects -- Workshop Summary
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11026.html
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of
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that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr.
Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
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Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects -- Workshop Summary
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FORUM ON MICROBIAL THREATS
ADEL MAHMOUD (Chair), President, Merck Vaccines, Whitehouse Station,
New Jersey
STANLEY LEMON (Vice-Chair), Dean, School of Medicine, University of
Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
DAVID ACHESON, Chief Medical Officer, Center for Food Safety and
Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland
STEVEN BRICKNER, Research Advisor, Pfizer Global Research and
Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
DENNIS CARROLL, U.S. Agency for International Development,
Washington, DC
NANCY CARTER-FOSTER, Director, Program for Emerging Infections and
HIV/AIDS, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC
GAIL CASSELL, Vice President, Scientific Affairs, Eli Lilly & Company,
Indianapolis, Indiana
JESSE GOODMAN, Deputy Director, Center for Biologics Evaluation and
Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland
EDUARDO GOTUZZO, Director, Instituto de Medicina Tropical–Alexander
von Humbolt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
MARGARET HAMBURG, Vice President for Biological Programs, Nuclear
Threat Initiative, Washington, DC
CAROLE HEILMAN, Director, Division of Microbiology and Infectious
Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
DAVID HEYMANN, Executive Director, Communicable Diseases, World
Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
JAMES HUGHES, Assistant Surgeon General and Director, National Center
for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta
LONNIE KING, Dean, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State
University, East Lansing
JOSHUA LEDERBERG, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation Scholar,
Rockefeller University, New York
JOSEPH MALONE, Director, Department of Defense Global Emerging
Infections System, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring,
Maryland
LYNN MARKS, Senior Vice President of Infectious Diseases, Medicine
Development Center, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania
STEPHEN MORSE, Director, Center for Public Health Preparedness,
Columbia University, New York
v
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects -- Workshop Summary
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11026.html
MICHAEL OSTERHOLM, Director, Center for Infectious Disease Research
and Policy and Professor, School of Public Health, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis
GEORGE POSTE, Director, Arizona BioDesign Institute, Arizona State
University, Tempe
GARY ROSELLE, Program Director for Infectious Diseases, VA Central
Office, Veterans Health Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs,
Washington, DC
JANET SHOEMAKER, Director, Office of Public Affairs, American Society
for Microbiology, Washington, DC
P. FREDRICK SPARLING, J. Herbert Bate Professor Emeritus of Medicine,
Microbiology, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Liaisons
YVES BERGEVIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Health and
Development, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
ENRIQUETA BOND, President, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina
EDWARD McSWEEGAN, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Staff
STACEY KNOBLER, Director, Forum on Microbial Threats
MARJAN NAJAFI, Research Associate
KATHERINE OBERHOLTZER, Research Assistant
vi
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects -- Workshop Summary
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11026.html
BOARD ON GLOBAL HEALTH
DEAN T. JAMISON, (Chair), Senior Fellow, Fogarty International Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
JAIME SEPÚLVEDA AMOR, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico
YVES BERGEVIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Health and
Development, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
JO IVEY BOUFFORD, Professor, Robert F. Wagner School of Public
Service, New York University, New York
RICHARD FEACHEM, Executive Director, Global Fund to Fight AIDS,
Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland
MARGARET HAMBURG, Vice President for Biological Programs, Nuclear
Threat Initiative, Washington, DC
GERALD T. KEUSCH, Assistant Provost for Global Health, Medical Center,
and Associate Dean for Global Health, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston
JEFFREY KOPLAN, Vice President for Academic Health Affairs, Emory
University, Atlanta
ADEL A.F. MAHMOUD, President, Merck Vaccines, Whitehouse Station,
New Jersey
MAMPHELA A. RAMPHELE, Managing Director, The World Bank,
Washington, DC
MARK L. ROSENBERG, Executive Director, The Task Force for Child
Survival and Development, Emory University, Atlanta
DONALD M. BERWICK, (IOM Council Liaison), Clinical Professor of
Pediatrics and Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School; and President
and CEO, Institute of Healthcare Improvement, Boston
DAVID R. CHALLONER, (IOM Foreign Secretary), Vice President for
Health Affairs, Emeritus, University of Florida, Gainesville
Staff
PATRICK KELLEY, Director
MONISHA ARYA, Policy Intern
HARRIET BANDA, Senior Project Assistant
ALLISON BERGER, Senior Project Assistant
STACEY KNOBLER, Senior Program Officer
MARJAN NAJAFI, Research Associate (through November 2003)
KATHERINE OBERHOLTZER, Research Assistant
LAURA SIVITZ, Research Associate
DIANNE STARE, Research Assistant/Administrative Assistant
vii
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects -- Workshop Summary
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11026.html
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects -- Workshop Summary
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11026.html
Reviewers
All presenters at the workshop have reviewed and approved their respective
sections of this report for accuracy. In addition, this workshop summary has been
reviewed in draft form by independent reviewers chosen for their diverse per-
spectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the
National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this in-
dependent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the
Institute of Medicine (IOM) in making the published workshop summary as sound
as possible and to ensure that the workshop summary meets institutional stan-
dards. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect
the integrity of the deliberative process.
The Forum and IOM thank the following individuals for their participation in
the review process:
Paul Eke, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, Georgia
Charlotte Gaydos, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Balti-
more, Maryland
Julie Parsonnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Cali-
fornia
David Relman, Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo
Alto, California
Donald Silberberg, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Phila-
delphia
ix
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