Table Of ContentDavid Belforte Morris Levitt
Editors
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With 106 illustrations
Springer-Verlag
tlew York Berlin tteidelberg London Paris
Tokyo ttong Kong Barcelona Budapest
David Belforte Morris Levitt
Belforte Associates PennWell Publishing
Sturbridge, MA 01566 Westford, MA 01886
USA USA
ISSN 0941-4185
Printed on acid-free paper.
©1992 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1992
All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written
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Trade Marks and Merchandise Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone.
Production managed by Howard Ratner; manufacturing supervised by Robert Paella.
Photocomposed copy prepared from the editors' XyWrite file using Ventura Publisher; camera-ready
sections provided by the editors.
987654321
ISBN-13:978-1-4612-7707-1 e-ISBN-13:978-1-4612-2882-0
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4612-2882-0
Preface & acknowledgments
In 1990, the editors of the Industrial Laser Annual Handbook the practical applications served by industrial lasers. We are
celebrated 25 years of growth in this segment of laser tech indebted to our outstanding panel of experts, who have pre
nology. After completing the fifth edition of the handbook, sented original articles for the continuing education of our
the editors decided that the industry and technology had readers.
matured to the point where biennial publication would be Section 3, the supplier directory, contains the industry'S
more appropriate. most comprehensive listing of international companies sup
Recognizing the spread of industrial technology beyond plying laser goods and services. Readers of previous editions
the major producing nations, the editors also decided to of the handbook tell us that this section is their most-used
associate with a publisher with international standing in the reference source.
fields of engineering and science. This edition ofthe renamed Section 4, related products, narrows the field of companies
Industrial Laser Handbook, then, is the first in a continuing that support industrial lasers by identifying only those ven
series of such handbooks to be published by Springer-Verlag dors that concentrate on this sector.
on an every-other-year basis. Thus, as with past editions, and with editions to come, the
Readers of the first five editions of the handbook will note handbook provides a constantly changing review of industrial
that this new edition retains the same structure. Changes, laser technology. Intended to be a growing set of references,
while many, are mainly in production of the book and im the handbook will continually add new reference information
provements in presentation. in a timely manner.
The economic review and technical forecast has been The editors enjoy the invaluable assistance of a number of
expanded to cover 1991 and the period 1992-1993. Because people who are necessary in compiling an international pub
of the length of this period, the editors have reduced the lication. We especially thank our associates at the Advanced
detailed analysis of the preceding year because this informa Technology Group of Penn Well Publishing Co.: Linda
tion is better placed in other, more frequently published, Wright, publisher of Industrial Laser Review, who served as
media. production liaison; Kathy Kincade, managing editor; Mary
Section 1 has been overhauled to present new process Williams, directory coordinator; and the graphic arts staff
ing data, much of it in updated formats. It remains our who provided us with professional support.
intention that data presented is general enough to cover the We also thank the staff at our new publisher, Springer
most popular applications and materials for the widest Verlag, for their patience and understanding during the
readership. Wherever possible we have asked contributors transition.
to provide us with practical, rather than laboratory, process As always, we are indebted to our corporate sponsors in
rate data. the industrial laser industry, whose support is vital to the
Section 2 reflects a change in editorial philosophy. After preparation and publication of this handbook.
presenting the basics of industrial lasers, systems, and appli
cations in the preceding five editions, the editors asked the David A. Belforte
editorial panel to submit articles for this section focused on Morris Levitt
Contents
Preface & acknowledgments v
Economic review & technology trends 1
Section 1. Laser material processing data & guidelines 13
General processing 15
Laser welding 19
Laser cutting 21
Laser drilling 27
Laser cladding 28
Laser heat treating 28
Laser safety 29
Laser vs. nonlaser process comparisons 31
Section 2. Annual review of laser processing 37
Modeling of laser material processing 39
Dr. John C.lon
Laser-beam quality and brightness in industrial applications 48
K.D. Hachfeld
High-radiance near-infrared lasers for material processing 55
Ken Manes
Physical mechanism and modeling of deep-penetration laser welding 67
Dieter Schuocker
Potential and challenges in laser welding steel structures 74
Jens Klrestrup Kristensen
Laser welding in the pipeline industry 81
V.E. Merchant
Tailored welded blanks: A new alternative in automobile body design 89
J-c. Mombo-Caristan, V. Lobring, W. Prange, and A. Frings
viii Industrial Laser Handbook
Pulsed welding with radio frequency-excited C02 lasers 103
Ole A. Sandven
Laser material processing: Effects ofp olarization and cutting velocity 108
H.J. van Halewijn
Drilling of aero-engine components: Experiences from the shop floor 113
Martien H.H. van Dijk
Laser hardening of boring tools 119
Vladimir S. Kovalenko
Laser hardening of chrome steels 121
Vladimir S. Kovalenko and Leonid F. Golovko
Laser treatment of lead alloys for battery grid application 123
Narendra B. Dahotre, Mary Helen McCay, T. Dwayne McCay, and
C. Michael Sharp
Soviet development of laser equipment for commercial applications 132
G.A. Baranov and V.V. Khukharev
Section 3. Company & product directory 139
Laser & system manufacturers 141
Specification chart 142
Directory 157
U.S. companies providing contract laser processing services 177
Specification chart 178
Directory 191
International companies providing contract laser processing services 206
Specification chart 207
Directory 227
Product specifications 245
CW gas lasers 246
Pulsed gas lasers 255
CW solid-state lasers 263
Pulsed solid-state lasers 269
Section 4. Related products & services 275
Suppliers of replacement parts and materials 277
Beam-delivery equipment 277
Beam-delivery fibers 277
Beam-focusing equipment 277
Beam-profiling instrumentation 277
Cooling equipment 277
Flashlamps for solid-state lasers 278
Gases 278
Industrial laser optics 279
Contents ix
Laser rods for solid-state lasers 279
Positioning equipment 279
Power/energy meters 280
Repairs/service 280
Safety equipment 280
Us ed laser sales 280
Subject index 281
Index to corporate sponsors 285
1992 International Editorial Board
Gennady A. Baranov Ken Manes
Scientific Industrial Amalgamation Electrofizika Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Leningrad USSR 189631 University of California
PO Box 5508
Dr. Narendra B. Dahotre Livermore, CA 94550 USA
University of Tennesse Space Institute
APRG/CLA, MS 14 V.E. Merchant
Tullanoma, TN 37388-8897 USA The Laser Institute
9924 45th Ave.
Klaus Hachfeld Edmonton, Alberta T6E 5J 1, Canada
Coherent General Inc.
1 Picker Rd. J-Charles Mombo-Caristan
Sturbridge, MA 01566 USA Thyssen Steel Technical Center
5151 Wesson Ave.
H.V. Halewijn Detroit, MI 48210 USA
Drukker International
Berersestraat 20 Dr. Ole Sandven
5431 SH Cuyck, The Netherlands 12 Canterbury Dr.
Georgetown, MA 01833 USA
Dr. John C. Ion
Lappeenranta University of Technology Dr. Dieter Schuocker
PO Box 20 Institute for High Power Beam Technology
SF-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland Arsenal-Objekt 207
Franz Grill-Strasse 1
Dr. Vladimir S. Kovalenko A-1030 Vienna, Austria
Kiev Poly technical Institute
Laser Technology Laboratory Martien H.H. van Dijk
Pr. Pobedy 37 Eldim bv
Kiev 252056 Ukraine, USSR PO Box 4341
5944 ZG Arcen, The Netherlands
Jens Klrestrup Kristensen
Danish Welding Institute
Park Aile 345
DK-2605 Brondby, Denmark
Technical Advisory Panel
Dr. Charles Albright Dr. Edward Metzbower
Ohio State University Naval Research Laboratory
Columbus, OH, USA Washington, DC, USA
Dr. Y. Arata David M. Roessler
Welding Research Institute General Motors Research Laboratories
Osaka Univeristy Warren, MI, USA
Osaka, Japan
Dr. Dieter Schuocker
Dr. Roger Ball Technical University
General Systems Research Vienna, Austria
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Dr. Gerd Sepold
Conrad Banas BIAS GmbH
United Technologies Industrial Lasers Bremen,FRG
S. Windsor, CT, USA
Prof. William Steen
Nie Bao-Cheng University of Liverpool
Shanghai Institute of Laser Technology Liverpool, UK
Shanghai, China
Bernt Thorstensen
Dr. Mahmoud Eboo Senter for Industriforskning
Quantum Laser Corp. Oslo, Norway
Garden City Park, NY, USA
Martien H.H. van Dijk
Dr. Ing. G. Herziger Eldim bv
Fraunhofer-Institut flir Lasertechnik Arcen, The Netherlands
Aachen,FRG
Dr. Thomas A. Znotins
Dr. Hiromichi Kawasumi Lumonics Inc.
Dept. of Precision Mechanical Engineering Kanata, Ontario, Canada
Chuo University
Tokyo, Japan
Dr. V.E. Merchant
Laser Institute
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Industry Advisory Panel
Bernard Bruns Steven A. Llewellyn
Two-Six Inc. Lumonics Laser Systems Group
Saxonburg, PA , USA Livonia, MI, USA
Jeff Carstens Masahiro Nagasawa
United Technologies Industrial Lasers Technology Engineering & Marketing Co. Ltd.
S. Windsor, CT, USA Tokyo, Japan
Daniel Dechamps Stanley L. Ream
TrumpfInc. GEFanuc
Farmington, CT, USA Charlottesville, VA , USA
Terry Feeley Dr. Glenn Sherman
HGG Laser Fare Ltd. Inc. Laser Power Optics Corp.
Smithfield, RI, USA San Diego, CA, USA
William G. Fredrick Samuel S. Simonsson
Laser Mechanisms Inc. Rofin Sinar GmbH
Southfield, MI, USA Hamburg, FRG
Donald Hoffman
US Amada
Buena Park, CA USA
