Table Of ContentMEDICAL
INTELLIGENCE
UNIT
THE IMMUNE FUNCTIONS
OF EPIDERMAL
LANGERHANS CELLS
MEDICAL
INTELLIGENCE
UNIT
THE IMMUNE FUNCTIONS
OF EPIDERMAL
LANGERHANS CELLS
Heidrun Moll, Ph.D.
University of Würzburg
Würzburg, Germany
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE UNIT
THE IMMUNE FUNCTIONS OF EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELLS
International Copyright© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1995
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995
All rights resetved.
International ISBN 978-3-662~22499-1
While the authors, editors and publisher believe that drug selection and dosage and the specifications and
usage of equipment and devices, as set forth in this book, are in accord with current recommendations and
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regulations and the rapid accumulation of information relating to the biomedical sciences, the reader is
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The immune function of epidermal Langerhans cells I [edited by}
Heidrun Moll
p. em. -(Medical intelligence unit)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-3-662-22499-1 ISBN 978-3-662-22497-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-22497-7
1. Langerhans cells 2. Skin-Immunology. I. Moll, Heidrun, 1957- . II. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Langerhans cell immunology. QW 56813143 1995}
QR185.8.L35146 1995
612. 7'9-----dc20
DNLM/DLC 95-14342
for Library of Congress CIP
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CONTENTS
r;::::::::================== ====================~
1. Introduction: Cutaneous Dendritic Cells: Distinctive
Antigen-Presenting Cells for Experimental Models
and Disease States ....................................................................... 1
Ralph M Steinman, Kayo Inaba, Gerold Schuler
Cutaneous Dendritic Cells as Members of the Dendritic Cell System ... 2
Dendritic Cdls and Signals One, Two and Three ................................. 4
Coordinating Signals One, Two and Three:
Maturation and Migration ................................................................. 8
Langerh ans Cdls in Medicine ............................................................. 11
Conclusion .......................................................................................... 13
2. Human Langerhans Cells Derived From CD34+ Blood
Precursors: Mode of Generation, Phenotypic and Functional
Analysis, and Experimental and Clinical Applicability .............. 21
Dirk Strunk, Georg Sting!
Introduction ....................................................................................... 21
Generation of Langerh ans Cells from Peripheral Blood ....................... 22
Experimental and Clinical Importance ofln Vitro Generated
Langerh ans Cells .............................................................................. 28
3. Cytokine Receptors on Epidermal Langerhans Cells ................. 37
Eckhart .Kiimpgen, Nikolaus Romani, Franz Koch,
Andreas Eggert, Gerold Schuler
Introduction ....................................................................................... 37
Cytokines Affecting Epidermal Langerhans Cdls ................................ 38
Cytokine Receptors on Epidermal Langerhans Cells ........................... 42
Conclusion and Outlook .................................................................... 49
4. The Role oflnterleukin-1P and lnterleukin-10
in Langerhans Cell-Mediated Immune Responses .................... 57
Alexander H Enk, Stephen 1 Katz
Introduction ....................................................................................... 57
Early Events in Contact Sensitivity ..................................................... 58
The Role ofLangerhans Cell-Derived lnterleukin-1P
in the Initiation of Primary Immune Responses in Skin .................. 61
lnterleukin-10 and its Role in the Induction ofTolerance .................. 66
Conclusions and Future Perspectives ................................................... 70
5. lmmunoelectron Microscopic Analysis of Major
Histocompatibility Class II Expression on Human Epidermal
Langerhans Cells ....................................................................... 73
A. Mieke Mommaas, Frits Koning
Introduction ....................................................................................... 73
Distribution of MHC Class II Molecules
on Langerhans Cell and Identification of a Putative MIIC ............... 74
Role of Birbeck Granules .................................................................... 79
Ultraviolet B-Induced Impairment ofLangerhans Cell Function ........ 80
Conclusions ........................................................................................ 82
6. Antigen Presentation by Langerhans/Dendritic Cells ............... 87
Ursula Neif, Karin Demleitner, Alexandra Marx, Maria Mehlig,
Christoph Scheicher, Konrad Reske
Introduction ....................................................................................... 87
Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated and Short-Term Cultured
Langerhans Cells .............................................................................. 88
Expression of the Proteoglycan Form of the Invariant Chain by
Lewis Rat Langerhans Cells .............................................................. 89
Uncoupling of Coordinate Synthesis ofMHC Class II and Invariant
Chains During Langer hans Cell Culture .......................................... 93
Conclusion .......................................................................................... 97
7. Langerhans Cell Migration: Initiation and Regulation ........... 103
Ian Kimber, Marie Cumberbatch
Introduction ..................................................................................... 103
Langerhans Cells and Skin Sensitization ............................................ 103
Langerh ans Cell Maturation .............................................................. 104
Langerhans Cell Migration and Epidermal Cytokines ....................... 105
The Regulation of Langerh ans Cell Migration .................................. 112
Concluding Comments ..................................................................... 114
8. Ultraviolet Radiation-Mediated Defects
in Langerhans Cell Function ................................................... 119
Paul R. Bergstresser, Akira Takashima
Introduction: Ultraviolet Radiation, Skin, and Langerhans Cells ....... 119
UVB Irradiation In Vivo: Implied Effects on the Function of
Langerh ans Cells ............................................................................ 121
Direct Effects of UV Radiation on Langerhans Cells In Vitro:
Mechanisms for UV-Induced Immunological Tolerance ............... 124
UV Radiation Modulates Langerhans Cell Function Indirectly by
Affecting Neighboring Keratinocytes ............................................. 127
Interpreting Action Spectra ofUV-Induced Immunosuppression:
Roles Played by Urocanic Acid ...................................................... 130
Molecular Mechanisms by Which UV Radiation Alters
Cellular Function ........................................................................... 132
Future Perspectives ........................................................................... 134
9. Presentation of Tumor Antigens by Langerhans Cells
and Oth.er Dendritic Cells ...................................................... 141
Stephan Grabbe, Richard D. Granstein
Introduction: Does It Make Sense to Study Tumor
Antigen Presentation? .................................................................... 141
The Immune-Surveillance Concept ................................................... 143
Number and Morphology of Dendritic Cells Within Tumors .......... 145
Presentation ofTumor Antigens by Dendritic Cells in Unprimed
As Well As in Primed Systems ....................................................... 146
Regulation ofTumor-Antigen Presentation ...................................... 147
Role ofT-Cell Subpopulations in Tumor Immunity ......................... 151
Tumor Immunotherapy by Modulation ofTumor-Antigen
Presentation ................................................................................... 152
10. Langerhans Cells in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ........................ 159
Heidrun Moll Stefonie Flohe, Christine Blank
Introduction ..................................................................................... 159
Involvement ofLangerhans Cells in Early Events of Cutaneous
Leishmaniasis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . 160
Functions of Lymph Node Dendritic Cells in Mice That Have
Recovered from Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ...................................... 164
Molecular Mechanisms of Parasite Handling by Langerh ans Cells .... 166
Concluding Remarks ........................................................................ 171
11. Langerhans Cells and HN Infection ....................................... 177
Colette Dezutter-Dambuyant, Anne-Sophie Charbonnier,
Marie-Madeleine Piers, Pascale Delorme, Nathalie Dusserre,
Catherine Tsagarakis, Claude Desgranges, Franfois Mallet,
Daniel Schmitt
Introduction ..................................................................................... 177
Epidermal Langerhans Cells are HIV-Infected In Vivo ..................... 178
In Vitro Infection of Epidermal Langerh ans Cells ............................. 179
Contribution of the Feline Langerhans Cells
to FlY Mucosal Transmission ........................................................ 185
What Could Be the Consequences ofHIV/Langerhans Cell
Interactions In Vivo? ...................................................................... 186
Conclusion ........................................................................................ 187
Index. .............................................................................................. 191
E0 IT OR
rr======================= ====================::::::::=:::;"
Heidrun Moll, Ph.D.
Research Center for Infectious Diseases
University ofWiirzburg
Wiirzburg, Germany
Chapter 10
CO NTRI BU TO RS
!================== ==================!
Paul R. Bergstresser, M.D. Karin Demleitner, M.Sc.
Department of Dermatology Institute oflmmunology
University ofTexas Southwestern Johannes Gutenberg-University
Medical Center Mainz, Germany
Dallas, Texas, U.S.A. Chapter6
ChapterS
Claude Desgranges, Ph.D.
Christine Blank, M.Sc. Hepatite, SIDA et Retrovirus Humains
Research Center for Infectious Lyon, France
Diseases Chapter 11
University ofWiirzburg
Wiirzburg, Germany Colette Dezutter-Dambuyant, Ph.D.
Chapter 10 Peau Humaine et Immunite
Hopital Edouard Herriot
Anne-Sophie Charbonnier, M.A. Lyon, France
Peau Humaine et lmmunite Chapter 11
Hopital Edouard Herriot
Lyon, France Nathalie Dusserre, Ph.D.
Chapter 11 Peau Humaine et lmmunite
Hopital Edouard Herriot
Marie Cumberbatch, B.Sc., M.Sc. Lyon, France
Zeneca Central Toxicology Chapter 11
Laboratory
Macclesfield Andreas Eggert
Cheshire, United Kingdom Department of Dermatology
Chapter 7 University ofWiirzburg
Wiirzburg, Germany
Pascale Delorme, Ph.D. Chapter3
Peau Humaine et lmmunite
Hopital Edouard Herriot
Lyon, France
Chapter 11
CONTRIBUTORS
ir====== =======;-1
Alexander H. Enk, M.D. Eckhart Kampgen, M.D.
Clinical Research Unit Department of Dermatology
Dermatology Department University ofWurzburg
Johannes Gutenberg-University Wurzburg, Germany
Mainz, Germany Chapter 3
Chapter4
Stephen I. Katz, M.D., Ph.D.
Marie-Madeleine F iers Dermatology Branch
Peau Humaine et lmmunite National Cancer Institute
Hopital Edouard Herriot National Institute of Health
Lyon, France Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.
Chapter 11 Chapter 4
Stefanie Flohe, M.Sc. Ian Kimber, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.
Research Center for Infectious Zeneca Central Toxicology
Diseases Laboratory
University ofWurzburg Macclesfield
Wurzburg, Germany Cheshire, United Kingdom
Chapter 10 Chapter 7
Stephan Grabbe, M.D. Franz Koch, Ph.D.
Department of Dermatology Department of Dermatology
University of Munster University of lnnsbruck
Munster, Germany lnnsbruck, Austria
Chapter 9 Chapter 3
Richard D. Granstein, M.D. Frits Koning, Ph.D.
Cutaneous Biology Research Center Immunohematology and Bloodbank
Department of Dermatology University Hospital
Massachusetts General Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
Harvard Medical School Chapter 5
Charlestown, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Chapter 9 Fran<;ois Mallet, Ph.D.
Laboratoires Bio/Merieux
Kayo lnaba, Ph.D. Ecole Nationale Superieure de Lyon
Department of Zoology Lyon, France
Faculty of Science Chapter 11
Kyoto University
Kyoto, Japan Alexandra Marx
Chapter 1 Institute of Immunology
Johannes Gutenberg-University
Mainz, Germany
Chapter 6
