The Holy Land in the Middle Ages: six travelers' accounts

410 Pages·2017·101.883 MB·English

by  Saint Jerome, Mukaddasi of Jerusalem, Nâsir-i-Khusrau

THE HOLY LAND
IN THE MIDDLE AGES
S T ’ a
ix ravelerS ccounTS

THE HOLY LAND
IN THE MIDDLE AGES
S T ’ a
ix ravelerS ccounTS
ITALICA PRESS
New York 2017
Copyright © 2017 by Italica Press
Italica Press Historical Travel Series
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Title: The Holy Land in the Middle Ages : six travelers’ accounts.
Description: New York, New York : Italica Press, 2015. | Series: Italica
Press historical travel series | Includes bibliographical references and
index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016047243 (print) | LCCN 2016052660 (ebook) | ISBN
9781599103129 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781599103136 (pbk. : alk.
paper) | ISBN 9781599103099 (diskette) | ISBN 9781599103105 (Kindle/
Mobi)
| ISBN 9781599103112 ( epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Palestine--History--To 1500. | Palestine--Description and
travel. | Pilgrims and pilgrimages--Palestine.
Classification: LCC DS117 .H65 2015 (print) | LCC DS117 (ebook) | DDC
956.94/031--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016047243
Cover illustration: Map of the Holy Land, from Abraham Ortelius,
Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Antwerp: Officina Plantiniana, 1595).
For a Complete List of Titles in Historical Travel
Please visit our Website at:
http://www.italicapress.com/index004.html
Contents
Illustrations viii
Preface xi
The Pilgrimage of the Holy Paula and the Letter of
Paula and Eustochium 1
Introduction 1
The Pilgrimage of the Holy Paula by St. Jerome 7
The Letter of Paula and Eustochium to Marcella about
the Holy Places 21
The Description of Syria and Palestine by Mukaddasi 27
Introduction 27
The District of Palestine by Mukaddasi 37
Diary of a Journey through Syria and Palestine by
Nâsir-i-Khusrau 55
Introduction 55
Preface 62
Diary of a Journey through Syria & Palestine by Nâsir-i-Khusrau 63
Guide to the Holy Land by Theoderich of Würzburg 127
Preface to the First Edition 127
Preface 135
Introduction 137
Prologue 152
Guide to the Holy Land by Theoderich of Würzburg 153
The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela 217
Introduction 217
Excerpt from the Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela 227
Gazetteer 241
Bibliography 313
Reference Works 313
Primary Sources 313
Secondary Works 316
Maps and Views of the Holy Land 321
Detail of Map of the Holy Land, c.1140. 322
Sallust-Type Map, c.1200. 324
v
The holy land
View of the Holy Land by Abraham and Jehuda Cresques, 1375. 325
View of the Holy Land (left panel)
by Bernhard von Breydenbach, 1486. 326
View of the Holy Land (center panel) by Bernhard von
Breydenbach, 1486. 328
View of the Holy Land (right panel)
by Bernhard von Breydenbach, 1486. 330
World Map with Jerusalem at the Center, 1581. 332
Map of the Holy Land by Marino Sanudo, 1611. 334
Maps and Views of Jerusalem 337
Madaba Map of Jerusalem, c.570. 338
Plan of Jerusalem, c.1200. 340
Plan of Jerusalem, c.1200. 341
Map of Jerusalem by Nicolas of Lyra, c.1270–1349. 342
View of Jerusalem by Nicolas, of Lyra, c.1270–1349. 344
View of Jerusalem, c.1455. 345
View of Jerusalem by Conrad Grünenberg, 1487. 346
View of Jerusalem by Hartmann Schedel, 1493. 348
Destruction of Jerusalem by Hartmann Schedel, 1493. 350
Imaginary View of Jerusalem by Sebastian Brant, 1515. 352
View of Jerusalem by Sebastian Muenster, 1550. 353
View of Jerusalem by Sebastian Muenster, 1550. 354
View of Jerusalem by Noe Bianchi, ante 1569. 356
Map of Jerusalem by Benedictus Arias Montanus, 1572. 357
Woodcut Map of Jerusalem, c.1580. 358
Map of Jerusalem by Electus Zwinner, 1661. 360
Plans of Important Buildings 363
Plan of Jerusalem. 364
Plan of Solomon’s Temple. 365
Plan of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. 366
Plan of the Dome of the Rock. 367
Plan of El Aksâ Mosque, c.985. 368
Plan of El Aksâ Mosque, 1888. 369
Plan of the Temple Mount. 370
Plan of the Cave of the Patriarchs. 372
Index 373
vi
Illustrations
Frontispiece. Caravan to Cathay. Atlas Catalan, 1375. Abraham and
Jehuda Cresques. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Esp. 30. ii
T-O World Map. From Isidore of Seville, Etymologiarum…, 1472. x
Achon: Crusader sea wall, c.1920–33. 241
Achon: St. Jean d’Acre April 24th 1839 by David Roberts. 242
Achon: The Crusader Castle, c.1920–33. 242
Ajalon: Valley of Ajalon and Beth Horon, c.1900–20. 243
Al Madînah: Courtyard (southeast corner) of the holy mosque
with the Garden of Fâtima. 243
Aleppo: View of from the castle, c.1900–20. 244
Ammân: View from acropolis hill, showing Roman theater
[Solomon’s Circus], c.1920–33. 245
View of Ascalon. 247
Bethel, c.1900–20. 248
Bethlehem by David Roberts, April 6th 1839. 248
Bethlehem, the Manger, between c.1890 and c.1900. 249
Bethlehem: Shrine of the Nativity Bethlehem, April 6th 1839
by David Roberts. 250
Bethlehem: Tomb of David by P. Bergheim, between
1860 and 1880. 250
Bethphage, between 1898 and 1914. 251
Bethsames (Beth Shemesh), May 1931. 252
Bethsaida, approximately 1900 to 1920. 252
Bethsan, between 1900 and 1920. 253
Ain Gedeirat, possibly Cadesbarne, between 1920 and 1933. 254
Caesarea: Ruins of ancient sea-front, c.1920 to 1933. 254
Cana, between 1989 and 1946. 255
Capernaum: Ruins of the synagogue. (Tel Hum),
between 1898 and 1943. 256
Cariathiarim: Crusader church, north aisle, Oct. 10, 1941. 256
Cariathiarim: Excavations at Tell Beit Mirsim
(Kirjath-Sepher) 1926. 257
Dead Sea: looking towards Moab by David Roberts,
April 4th 1839. 258
Fountain of Elisha, approximately 1900 to 1920. 259
vii
The holy land
Gibeleth, approximately 1900 to 1920. 260
Haifâ: View from top of Carmel approximately 1920 to 1933. 261
Hebron, between 1950 and 1977. Matson Photo service. 262
Jaffa by David Roberts, March 26th 1839. 263
Idumaea: Sunrise over Mountains of Edom from Dead Sea, c.1910. 263
Mosque el-Aksâ, approximately 1934 to 1939. 264
Bethany by David Roberts, April 1st 1839. 265
Tomb of Lazarus, between 1898 and 1914. 266
Jerusalem: Dome of the Ascension, between 1898 and 1946. 268
Dome of the Chain: Interior, 1940–46. 269
Gate Dâûd: David’s Gate, date unknown. 270
Gate of David’s Oratory: Jaffa Gate by P. Bergheim,
between 1860 and 1880. 271
Damascus Gate. 273
Golden Gate by David Roberts, published 1842. 274
Gethsemane and Mount of Olive, 1933 or 1934. 275
Gethsemane, Church of St. Mary, Tomb of the Virgin,
by P. Bergheim, between 1860 and 1880. 276
Jerusalem: Holy Sepulcher Church, Crusader’s Façade,
photo between 1898 and 1946. 277
Jerusalem: Holy Sepulcher Church, Holy Sepulcher Chapel,
between 1989 and 1914. 280
Jerusalem: Holy Sepulcher Church, Chapel of St. Helena,
published February 8, 1944. 281
Jerusalem: Chapel of Calvary in Church of the Holy Sepulcher,
March 1942. Top, Greek, Left, Latin. 282
Jerusalem: Chapel of the Invention of the Cross in Church
of the Holy Sepulcher, between 1898 and 1914. 283
Jerusalem: Mount of Olives and Gethsemane, general view,
between c.1890 and c.1900. 285
Jerusalem: Church of the Ascension on the Mount of Olives by
Francis Frith, 1862? 286
Fountain of Siloam in the Valley of Jehosophat by David Roberts,
published 1842 287
Church of St. Anne, approximately 1900 to 1920. 289
Jerusalem: Stone of Unction, between 1934 and 1939. 290
Jerusalem: The Dome of the Rock, south façade, ablution basin
through the cypress trees, between 1898 and 1946. 291
viii
IllustratIons
Jerusalem: The Dome of the Rock, north façade from
arched street, between 1898 and 1946. 292
Jerusalem: Tomb of Absalom, photo by P. Bergheim,
between 1860 and 1980. 293
Jerusalem: Tower of David with Citadel in background
between 1898 and 1946 (above); Via Dolorosa,
between 1898 and 1914 (below left). 294
Jordan River, between 1920 and 1933. 295
Jerusalem: Valleys of Jehoshaphat and Hinnom with
Kedron Brook, between c.1900 and 1920. 295
Sea of Kinnereth, c.1925 to 1946. 297
Brook of Kedumin (Kishon River), between 1900 and 1920. 297
Christian Church of St George at Lud ancient Lydda
by David Roberts, March 29 1839. 298
Mecca: Bird’s-eye view of uncrowded Kaaba, c.1910. 299
Mambre Excavations, between 1950 and 1977. 299
Mount Ebal & Mount Gerizim, with Nâblus in foreground,
between 1898 and 1946. 300
Mount Tabor from the Plain of Esdraelon by David Roberts, April
19th 1839. 302
Nâblus, between 1898 and 1946. 303
Nazareth by David Roberts, April 28th 1839. 303
Paneas, the ancient Caesarea Philippi by Francis Frith, 1862? 304
View from Quarantana of the Jordan Valley, approximately
1900 to 1920. 305
Ramleh, between c.1890 and c.1900. 306
Samaria: Church of St. John, interior, approximately 1900–1920. 307
Sarepta by David Roberts, April 27th 1839. 308
Sepphoris: Roman remains, approximately 1920 to 1933. 309
Tiberias: view, between 1934 and 1939. 311
Tomb of Rachel, on the road near Bethlehem,
between 1898 and 1946. 311
Ancient Tyre from the Isthmus by David Roberts,
April 27th 1839. 312
•
ix
T-O World Map showing the three continents separated by the “T” of the
waters. The Holy Land is at the center of the world’s “O.” From Isidore of
Seville, Etymologiarum libri xx. Augsburg: Günther Zainer, 1472.