Table Of ContentMechanical Engineering Series
Robert W. Lyczkowski
The History of
Multiphase Science
and Computational
Fluid Dynamics
A Personal Memoir
Mechanical Engineering Series
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Robert W. Lyczkowski
The History of Multiphase
Science and Computational
Fluid Dynamics
A Personal Memoir
123
RobertW. Lyczkowski
Darien, IL
USA
ISSN 0941-5122 ISSN 2192-063X (electronic)
MechanicalEngineering Series
ISBN978-3-319-66501-6 ISBN978-3-319-66502-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66502-3
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This book is dedicated to Prof. Dimitri
Gidaspow, Distinguished University
Professor at the Illinois Institute of
Technology, Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering.
I have had the unique opportunity and
pleasure to have been a student and then
collaborator with Dimitri for over 40 years!
Our first publication together was in 1967
resulting from my MS thesis under him. Our
most recent publication was in 2009 with one
of his last Ph.D. students. I think that this is
probably some sort of record at IIT. I was
incredibly lucky to have participated at the
birth of the new science of multiphase flow
started by his first student, Dr. Charles W.
Solbrig and propagated by Dimitri. I have
been co-advisor and assisted a good number
of Dimitri’s Ph.D. students. As I said at his
retirement party, I have followed in his
footsteps, figuratively and actually over the
years—San Francisco, Atlantic City, Denver,
Idaho Falls, Livermore, Washington DC,
Henniker, Banff, Miami Beach… When we
gave a multiphase course in Melbourne,
Australia I drove him to the beach everyday
to swim which he does everyday to keep in
shape. Congratulations Dimitri on your
retirement from IIT but not from research.
Your friend and colleague, Bob Lyczkowski.
It is also dedicated to Charles W. Solbrig,
Dimitri’s first student. It was he who was the
first to develop the equations and to initiate
the computer program to solve them which
were based on the two-phase, two-fluid or
seriated continuum approach.
Foreword
It is a great honor for me to provide the Foreword for a book by the distinguished
engineering scholar Bob Lyczkowski, who I have known for many years through
his association with Argonne National Laboratory. In his work at Argonne and
elsewhere,Bobhascontributedimmeasurablytotheapplicationofmultiphaseflow
analysis in industrial processes.
When the US Atomic Energy Commission (later integrated into the US
Department of Energy) was formed in the early 1950s with a mission to develop
nuclear reactors for civilian applications, most of the fundamental engineering
research conducted at National Laboratories in support of the civilian nuclear
reactor programs focused on materials and on heat transfer. It was recognized that
therewerenofundamentalapproachestomultiphaseflowandheattransfer,andthe
US Government organized major programs in fundamental research of multiphase
flow and heat transfer at Los Alamos NM, Idaho Falls, Sandia Albuquerque, and
elsewhere.
Somepeoplewhoarefamiliarwiththemechanicsofasinglefluidphaseandgas
dynamics are unaware of the striking and profound differences exhibited by mul-
tiphase flows, even in dilute two-phase mixtures. Many flow regimes appear in
two-phaseflowsthatareunknowninsingle-phaseflows,andaconsiderableamount
ofheattransferphenomenaareexhibitedbytwo(orthree)-phaseflowregimesthat
are not exhibited by single-phase fluid flows.
It is a profound challenge to provide a mathematical description of multiphase
flow and heat transfer, and to provide fundamental understanding of observed
multiphase flow phenomena—either from a continuum or microscopic approach.
Extraordinary advances in these areas have come from such renowned figures as
DimitriGidaspow,MiloradDudukovic—andBobLyczkowskihimself.Theirwork
has provided the backbone of numerous commercial and proprietary multiphase
software analysis packages, which have made multiphase flow analyses accessible
to the non-expert.
In this book, Bob examines the development of multiphase flow analysis
methods and software approaches and also discusses some political and societal
influences on the development of these. In this manner, Bob’s book becomes a
vii
viii Foreword
history of this field of engineering. Bob also provides the only history I am aware
of the Multiphase Fluid Dynamics Research Consortium supported by the US
Department of Energy nearly twenty years ago, involving numerous National
Laboratories, Universities, and private businesses. For Bob’s history and discus-
sion, I am grateful.
Ihopemanyreadersfindthisbookenlighteningandentertaining,andIhopethat
allstudentsbeginningMaster’sorPh.D.levelstudiesofmultiphaseflowwillmake
this the very first book they read on the subject.
May 2017 Brian Gregory Valentine
US Department of Energy, Washington, DC, USA
Preface
Thosewhocannotlearnfromhistoryaredoomedtorepeatit.
GeorgeSantayana
Insanity: Doing the same thing over and over again and
expectingdifferentresults.
AlbertEinstein
The idea for this book on The History of Multiphase Science and Computational
Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can be traced to a presentation I made upon my receiving
the 2008 Ernst W. Thiele Award from the Chicago Section of the American
Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) on September 22. I prefaced the pre-
sentation ceremony with a short speech beginning with the question “Where did
these equations come from?” The idea for writing a book to answer this question
strengthened as I organized two sessions at the 2009 AIChE Annual Meeting in
Nashville, with help of Madhava Syamlal from the National Energy Technology
Center(NETL),tohonorourteacherfromtheIllinoisInstituteofTechnology(IIT),
Prof. Dimitri Gidaspow with a Festschrift to honor his 75th birthday. I should
mention that Prof. Gidaspow (whom I will frequently refer to simply as Dimitri in
context) was a previous recipient of the Ernst W. Thiele Award and was the one
whonominatedme.UponthesuggestionofMadhavaSyamlal(calledSyambyhis
colleagues) and with the generous assistance of Prof. Sankaran Sundaresan from
Princeton University, we convinced Donald R. Paul, then the Editor of I&EC
Research, topublishaspecialFestschriftforProf. Gidaspow. Invitationsweresent
outtoover50potentialcontributors,andatotalof31paperswerepublishedwitha
preface by the three of us.
The story of multiphase science and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has
never been documented heretofore. This may surprise some readers, but the
motivationformodelingtransienttwo-phaseflowstartedwithnuclearreactorwater
safety concerns, the hypothetical loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA), and the emer-
gency core cooling system (ECCS) issue. It is a new and by now a rather robust
ix
