Table Of ContentTHE HESTER SITE
Archaeological Report No. 5
THE HESTER SITE
fu,j EARLY ARCHAIC OcCUPATION
IN MoNROE CoUNTY} MISSISSIPPI
I. A
PRELIMINARY REpORT
SAMUEL O. BROOKES
Mississippi Department of Archives and History
. Elbert R. Hilliard, Director
Jackson
1979
CONTENTS
List of Plates . vi
List of Figures viii
List of Tables . x
Preface . . . • xi
Acknowledgements xiii
l. Introduction
2. Ceramic Analysis
3. Lithic Analysis: Basic Technology and Non-
Projectile-Point Tool Types . • . . • . . 6
4. Lithic Analysis: Dalton Assemblage . . . . 17
5. Lithic Analysis: Non-Dalton Projectile-Point Types 32
6. Theoretical Considerations • • • • • . • . . 45
Plates, Figures, and Tables . • • • 58
Appendix 1: Heat Treating . . . • • 125
Appendix 2: Radiocarbon Dates • . . • • • ••••• 127
Appendix 3: A Research Design for the Hester Site 130
Bibliography . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • 132
PLATES
1. Transitional Archaic-Woodland and Miller I Ceramics:
Wheeler Plain, Wheeler Simple-stamped, Alexander
Incised, Alexander Pinched, Saltillo Fabric-impressed 59
2. Miller II Ceramics: Baldwin Plain, Furrs Cord-marked 60
3. Miller III Ceramics: Tishomingo Plain, Tishomingo
Cord-marked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 61
4. Miller IV Ceramics: Roper Plain, Wheeler Check-stamped,
Mulberry Creek Cord-marked . . . . . . . . . • • • • •• 62
5. Miscellaneous Artifacts: piece esquillee, anvil marked by
.Ei-ece esquillee, "shuttle" bannerstone fragment, bifaces
with crenated fractures, biface with lateral snap . . •• 63
6. Inmon Cache: in situ, primary and secondary decortication
flakes, bifaces • . • . . . . • . . . • • . • . • • . . 64
7. Inmon Cache Flakes: primary and secondary decortication
flakes . • .• ••..•......•••..••.• 65
8. Dalton Assemblage Points • . . . . . • • • • . . . •• 66
9. Dalton Assemblage Artifacts: side and end scrapers, knife,
preform .•.....•.... 67
0 • • • • • • • • • • ••
10. Dalton Assemblage Artifacts: quartzite hammerstone, side
scraper/spokeshave, pieces esquillees, multidirectional
core, tabular flake, biface, side scraper, blade. • 68
11. Dalton Assemblage Artifacts: side scraper, bladelike
flakes, gravers, burins, end scrapers/gravers, side
scraper/spokeshave, piece esquillee . . . . . . . . • .. 69
12. Dalton Assemblage Artifacts: unworked cobble, side scraper,
bifaces. preforms . . • . . • . . . . . . . . • • . • •. 70
13. Dalton Assemblage Artifacts: sandstone nutstone, sandstone
abrader, unworked sandstone . • . . • . . .. 71
14. Big Sandy Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 72
15. Decatur Points: initial and final stages . . • • 73
16. Projectile Points: Josselyn and Beachum (provisional types) 74
17. Projectile Points: Beachum (provisional type); Decatur,
Ecusta, and Big Sandy end scrapers; unidentified points. 75
18. Pine Tree Projectile Points: initial and advanced stages,
end scraper . . . . .. ....•.•..•.•..• 76
vi
vii
19. Pine Tree Projectile Points with Edge Wear: edges of
initial- and advanced-stage points, edge with broken
serrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • • . 77
20. Pine Tree Assemblage Tools: broken bifaces, adze, tabular
flakes, bladelike flakes with worked edges, piece esquillee,
notched side scraper . • . • . . . . . . . • • • . 78
21. Pine Tree Assemblage tools: sandstone abraders, grooved
stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
22. Miscellaneous Projectile Points: Jude, Autauga, Lost Lake,
Plevna, Greenbrier, Eva II-Morrow Mountain I, Madison.. 80
FIGURES
1. Contour Map of Hester Site . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
2. Physiographic Regions of Mississippi . . • . . . . 82
3. Early Archaic Sites in Southeastern United States 83
4. Chronology for Lower Mississippi and Tombigbee Valleys 84
5. Tentative Ceramic Chronology for Upper-Central
Tombigbee Valley . • . .. •..•.•• 85
6. Paleo-Environmental Sequence for Southeastern
United States .... 86
7. North-South Profile, Square 75S-35S 87
8. North-South Profile, Square 35S-5N . • 88
9. North-South Profile, Square 5N-45N . 89
10. North-South Profile, Square 45N-75N 90
11. Horizontal Plan and East-West Profile,
Square l70S-l45E • • • . • . • . . . 91
12. North-South Profile, Square l70S-320E . • • • • 92
13. North-South Profile, Square 85S-l50E . • 93
14. Flake Morphology . • . • . . • • • 94
15. Utilized Flakes and Pieces Esquillees:
transverse, lateral, and oblique-transverse uses;
denticulate; unusual forms; pieces esquillees;
piece esquillee on Decatur point . . • • . • . 95
16. Linear Flow Model for Prehistoric Chipped-Stone
Industry in the Cache Basin, Arkansas •••• 96
17. Linear Flow Model Showing Biface Breakage
at Hester Site ..••....•..•• 97
18. Burin Function and Dalton Zone Burin:
cutting and scraping functions; striking platform
of Dalton zone burin on true blade, dorsal and
ventral views; preparation of burin working edge. 98
19. Chopper from Big Sandy Zone 99
20. Adzes: adze preform, adze .•••....•••••••• 100
21. Adzes: adzes, adze butt, adze bit ...••• 101
22. Adzes: adze, recycled adzes used as core and
lamellar blade core . . . . 102
viii
ix
23. Dalton Assemblage Points . . • . 103
24. Dalton Assemblage Points . • • • • 104
25. Miscellaneous Projectile Points:
Jude, Greenbrier, Plevna, Eva II, Autauga,
Morrow Mountain I, Madison ..•••••••••• 105
26. Pine Tree Points: initial and advanced stages,
end scraper • . . • • • • . • • . . • • . • 106
27. Beachum (provisional type) and Decatur Points:
Beachum; initial, advanced, and final stages
Decatur • • • • • . • • . . . • . . 107
28. Big Sandy and Lost Lake Points:
Big Sandy with graver tip, Lost Lake end
scraper • • • • • • • • . . • 108
29. Early Archaic Point Chronology • 109
30. End Scraper Edge-Angle Values. • 110
Description:amounts of clay below a sterile layer of sand, which underlay the Dalton zone. The low .. Goodyear (1974), in his work on Dalton point use-retouch, pointed out that even with clude Cambron and Hulse (1960a:ll); Travis, Travis,.
