The Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis

326 Pages·2004·41.23 MB·English

by  Robert Graves

R(JIlEKI' GRAI'ES ANI) RAI'I IAEI. 1',1'1'/11
Ikhn.;\\ J\hlhs
The Bon\.. nf Gcnc<;i:-.
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-
ROBERT GRAVES
and
RAPHAEL PATAI
HEBREW MYTHS
THE BOOK OF GENESIS
Edited with an introduction
by ROBERT A. DAVIS
(ARCANET
This edition published in 200S by
Quaner l'ress Limire,l
Alh.nc( Iloll§c
(:"'s.~ Street
/IIJl1chcsrfr .\12 7AQ
C"p)righl t;. 196.1. 19M b~ Tb( Tru.rces ofrhe Roberr Gra\fS Cop}n):hr Tru,t
and Dr Raphael"orai
Inlrod'lctiol1 cup)right 0 Robert \ D.\" lOU;
AU righls r(SCncd
,\ U I' l,I!~I"gue ren)rd for thi., book ;~ a\a;lablc from the Urrh,h I.ib",r)
ISBN 1 85154 661:X
The l,uhhsher aclno" Icd8e~ financi.1
a'~;".no: from Art.~ Council hlgl.nd
.
~ (D~+
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"
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I'rlnt(d and hound In England hy SRf' LId. here<
=
Contents )
(
_ _- ----1
~
Iii
1.~lltori.llllllrodIKlion
I h:brcw 1\ 1) I hs: The Book of Genesis
\ntrmludiun
\hhrl'\ ;:11 ion~, S()urcc~ :Inll \lllllJtall'11 Bihlio~r;.lph~ X
1 The ere.llion Acconlinf(: to Cil'nc~i) 21
2 Tho.: en'alion Al'Conling to Other Iliblical Tn':h 29
.1 \ I ~ t hiul Co~t1lolog~' .H
4 (ih. . "l'!> Ull the Cn:alion Stor~ 411
; !'..u'licr Crc,Lliom 4;
(, The I'rimel,ll J\lomtcr, lJC\uibl,;d 47
7 TIll' !tCl'lll ,lilt! I he Zit H
X 'I Ill' F;III of I.ucifer ;7
'I The lIirth of .\d.nn ""
111 \ll.lIn\ Ilclpml~cl" 65
11 P.lr.ldiw 70
12 Tlw \"llIof\hul 7(,
1.1 S,lIn,wl\ Rchdlion S2
1-1 'I')H'; Ilil"lh, nfCain and Abel loiS
15 Thl, \u ofLulC X9
J(, TIH.: 1'!".llrieidc '11
17 The Ilirih nfScth '18
IX The Son, of God :Ind the I),Hlghtcr, of \len 100
19 The lIin h uf .':oah lOS
211 '\ he Ik lu!:c 111
21 'v.lh'!> ])runh'IlI11''iS 12U
22 The Tu\\('r of Babel 12.\
2.\ \l1r.l1u111 \ A nCC~Ir~ UO
2·, \hr,t11.1111\, Binh I.H
2S \11)";lh,l111 'lild the ILln!, l-IlJ
21,
\hr,lh:l1n ill Eg}pt I-IJ
27 \bl',lh,II11\ Re~f.:ue of I.ot 146
),
Th~· Sl'\ ernl C.ln:a~e!> 152
-
!C) I. . hm.u:! 1.5(,
;() \hr.lh.11ll III Gl'r,lr ltd
.II The Birth 01 I. .." 'l I(d
H I,ul ,1\ SOtlolll IfJfJ
.u
I,ot ,II Zo,lr 171
.
H 'I'hl' S,u:rifiee of I,a;le In
,>:''1 \hr~lhnm ,UHI KelUr,lh Ii!)
,1(1 I,.I,I\:'., \l.lrriagx 1.'\2
.\7 1. .. I,Il: in licrar IHS
JX The lIirrh .. of E. . ;!U ,Iml J.II:oh IS!)
.II) \hr,lh,lm\lkalh PH
40 'rhe 11.Imr{'tl llirlhri);"ht 19~
41 The Stulen IIl,,,,> .. in);" Jl17
H I.. . Ju'" \ 1.1rri;l~e\ 202
4.1 J.lcuh ,It Bel he! 20,'
H J.l,'ub \ ,\ I:Jrri;II"'<' WI
~S Birth "ftlll' Tllehe l',ltri,lrl'h .. 21S
4(, j.1l'oh\ lktUTll In CUU,Hl ,m
47 J,ll'nh al I'cnid !26
4' RCCOfll'ilialion ofJ,ll'uh ,md h.w 2\]
4" Th,' R,IPC of I )ill<lh 2,\5
5U Ih'uhcll ,11ll1 !lilh,lh HI
.51 JUd,lh Jllll'LHlUr 2H
,-
" 'I'hl' l)l',llh"ofl<;';'I,Ll', I,e,lh, ,lInll:',11I HS
H Jo,,'I)h in Ihl,' Pil 2.50
H J(Io,l'ph and Zull',J..,1 2.5-4
.5$ In .. eph in I'ri-.o11 !:is
2(,0
3(1 Jo\eph l!ceume,' it:enl~
57 The 1:lImine 2(,-4
5' TIll' Brother,' Return 26'"
51) j.ll'oh in Eg~ pt 271
r,o
Till' ])cal h "fj .Koh 27-4
'd Thl' ])c,llh ofJo~cph l7S
llilin 2SI
\ LIp'
'I'h" \\ orld uf (lene"i .. 12.1
\hrJh,II11'''' \\urld 1JI
]I.lll·. . tl11l' UlHlcr Illl' Jud);"c, 2,W
•
I':ditorial Introduction
]"il'[ pllbh~hnl in iW14, lI"hre/I' \/)'IlIs: Till' /Juoi: II} (,'(//<'SlJ \\.I,!lll: l.l~t
1ll.1tUT \\41r~ Hf pro~c II nllll\.{ cornplelnl b~ Rohert (inn l'". In c,)n,p.lfi~un
111111 (ir:.lll"" c .•d ier '1lIIIie\ of m~ th ;nHI rdi~;on - c'pcciall) Tit ... 11/11/.>
Go,/d,'H (PHS) :Uld Tit!' GJ"rt"i: 1/)'11/$ (1,. cdn.,ICJ55) I/r/Jrt'II' " rIllS
IlWll' onl~ .1 mndcM crill(":l! imp.lct, no[\\ ith .. 1.lndinl.{ ,\11 initial tll1rr~ of
promu! Ion .. ,111.1 reI iell~. 11 h.l<; ~illn' n.'l'elkd furtlu:r from t he l~lt;lll)gUC of
(il.1IC'" Illllrc cl'lChr.lll'd \\orl~, rn:ciling (111) milli11I.ll ;lttClltion from
\na.11 impoft.11l1 critil~11 and hiol.{raphic;11 ~flIdic' )lllhli~lwd ~incc
(;r.IH:~\ dc.nh 111 IIJH5.1 The n:J\on.'> for thi~ 10\\ \i<;ihilit~ ;lrt' cnrnpln:,
,lllTlblllabk 10 (,h:lur.. lolll:h hit, ,,:o-JutllOr,hi\\ the ~"eci:lli~,Hion of ih
"lhl~'1:1 111,1I1el' ,111,1 ih ilHerulcd I'l:adeT .. hip. The reLlIild) limited reput,l
lion of Ihe 110111..., and ih continuinl.( m'lrl'itlJli ... llion iTl Ihe Ilitler lih!T"-Jf)
,Ippr~'~ialiun III Roherl Gr.IICS, ~~'r;Ul"I) untlen.llue, ih inherelllllleril:l!>
,\ 11111'1... of ~choIJr~hip Jnd ka\ c~ illl"omp[ete a propcr urulcr. . tJ1ltl1ng" of Ihe
dU'I'cl ion ,I rr~l I he g"J)al~ of (jr;l\"c, 's 11\;IIUrC t huuglll, II here 111) 1 h, rcli!{ion
,lIItl puelr) lin.lll) merged in a ~illl.(lc lr;l1l~rtlrm:lti\"c - if Irouhle,1 \ 1!>Ion
ullmlll'lIl Ik,tll1)
'I\ pi(';lll), the ill111le(li,l\e orig-il1' nf !!(hn'II' 11)"1//$ re,itle in IIHII.:h Ic!>~
e",!tnl runn'rm of il~ t II II au!llOr~. In 1955, G r,1I e' puhh,he.1 I he hig-hl)
\UI·I,·,Sul IIII' (,'rul' 1I)'lltS, Ilhieh, de .. "itc Ihe C',I\;].. of ih d,I~~ici,t
rCllell('h, "lid In ClIIl'lderahll' number" ('arning Ihe lin;lnci.lll) h3rd
IHl'''ed Gr,lIe, !>Onle IllUl:h llC~'(lcd income. !luilllilll.( 1111 the 11I.ltho
!(]",Iphil' lIIl,thod, perfn:tet! in t hc II rit inl' of 111t' J "1s111' GIl/Mus, ., /11' (.'/"(1'1,
"),II1S tuuml J hugd) Tl',ldablc formula (..:r;lflet! ill \url b~ (inlle!>\
llcl UICll ~euct,lry, KJrl <.1,1)) in Ihe I ril'3rl i,c org'1r1i~al iun of il'< inll-il i1lual
dupler. .. Sp,lrl' }1'11u..:ill rctdlillll"' of the 1f",lditioll:lllirn'l... lII}tl" ill :111 of
t ht:1r I Jrialll' ;lrt: :I("(ompanicd h} ullohtru~il c docull1l'nt,lIion of ~uurcl'~
.md erudite ~ cl lild) <:(lnllncntane~ un each of lhl' ~tnril'''' Ihl' prullO,c,1
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inlo:rpre1.lIiun ...... llifull~ inflJrll1nl h~ {ir.1\(','<; mIn pr\l\'",-"l1IIC Ill'll, of
:mCIl'11t Circcl rciillio11 :HIlI V",-il'l~ ! Ik,pitl' IrC11ciunt lrlllll'l11 uf .111
I hrl'c 1\;.lIl1re<; nfils mCI htld"I ••~ ~ h~ reI H:IIl'r'. 11ll' ImpH' ..... 11 e .. ale, IIf 7 h,'
(;ra1· 1/)'1//$ rccorded on bOI h 'Ille, nC the \1101111 ie ... tron~1 ~ .. u~)(e"'lcd the
Ill..elih()(KI "f ,I ",c4ud, Ihe n.llur;11 IllCu", 111'11 hich mi~ht rc.I ... ()n,lhl~ h,11 e
Ill'cn I h.1I ullll'r 1 iul ,I"'PCCI "I' lir.IIl·. ...... 1l1~ Ihllln!(il':ll inlnc," ,I' "ri!(in,llI~
wi I"rl h in 'nIt' II filiI' (;fldlil'ss: Celt il: m~ 1h ulul.('), \ 1\ II [hrollgh [he compo
~ilil)l1 III' '0,,' (.'1'<,<,1' I/)'I/H. hUIIl'Il'I', (jr.IIl" Iud bccn 'Iuiell) plll'~lIinp:
II h:11 juhn P"ede) ha ... [ermed hi, '1Ilhl'l' ohw. . ~iun': the hi,toril':tl .k .. u .. , ,I
.. uhicc! tll:11 lUll h~lIIlIell tir,tl c, .... itl",~in.tl ion frum Ihe pt'l'ifKI uj hi .. I r.l1l
m,llie \I:lrtirnc lo~s ufpCrWtl.11 (.hri,riJn f.lilh :lml :loom Ilhieh Ill' h.lll
IHillen bUlh in hi" pOClr~ :111,1111 hi, I'H(. hi<;lOril-..lllIIld, A'wl: .7tSlls.'
'J'hc .. ignili(-:l1lcc nfhi ... inlen:,1 in Ihe figurc ,.f jC<;II~. :lml hi, II ill ... r IHe.lC
CIII),II iun II ith Ihe riddle<; nf Illhll"::11 n:lrr.l1il e, Jrc among I hc 1111,"'1 h.lhi[
lIall) negll'(u'd A!>I)CCh of linlll"\ lilcr.lry ('Arecr, de~pile Ihe fre'III('1I1
renlrrcnee uf'l'riJllUnilthcllIe~ Jlld Ihl'Ulugieal PUUll" in ahlllJ'I.llIlIfhi,
111:1;,11' m~ 1h llpucli<.: IIlHl<.:rt"~ in!("
The inlelleclu:l1 rolll~ III' Cinllc,\ "h\e~,ioll \\ilh jcslI<; in p.lrticul.lr
:md Ihc Bihl<.: in ),(ener.11 C,1I1 Ix: 11':lccd III hi~ carl) l'ngagen1l'1l1 Ililh Ihe
1\I)r'" Of)'1I11C' Fr.lf ... r, 10 Ilhkh he 11.1 ... (tirceled b~ Ihe p,)chologi'l .Iml
:lnlhfl)p"lo~i'l \r,IL/{. RiICT,.1 .111.1 IIhich chimed lIith (lr.1Ie<;\
il\crc.l~inlC alien.llioll fmlll 1h e in~l illlllonJI Church. Fr:lter\ '11,1' C:"ldol
II'IIIJ,II c\erl'i~ed ,I I}{JIH'fflil hr.l,l ,lIer (jrJle~'s though I JI J form.llill·
l'erir){1 in hi~ lik IIi, k .. s II ell I..n'lIIl\ Mud~. Folk-I.oft' III Iltt' OM
'/i.-f/l/lllml: SlIlIltrs //I COli/II/mUll',· RrI'f{w/I. t. ...f !.md 1111111.1111'. puhli~lll'd 111
l'.IiS, .,[ruel.. .1 ,"ilabl~ ~ceplil-:II ,!lui hClcflxlo, noll' rior rC"lle,!> ~l)ung
llIen lilc lir.IIC<;, cllIcrging: "i,il1u ... i'll\cll fromlhc upln':lI,II, nflhe l'"ir'l
World \\,Ir. Fnllcl' .... ,lI1lhropill(l~ic;l1 r'e.l<iill),(' III' 1.. ... ) p~",~.Ig:e ... frum Ihe
Old Te~l:Jml'm, imelHlcd Iklibcnl1d) til ulldcrminl' thl' Ihx.:lrirl.ll
:lUlllfIril) of I he Ilebrew Snipllll'l" h) :lligning them II il h 1 he lilcr:lr~ and
r'c1igiIJu~ Ilrilil1l.('~ uf ulher ,ll1eicnl M.cielil's, l'ldle(1 Ihcll1,dlc~ on
(jr~I\""\ inquiritl~ mind :md fed hi, crc;l1ile imagin,l1illn. The ml'~1
ull\ illth 1'I idcn..:e nf 1h eir intluence comc~ throu)Ch in tir.1I e ... "" fir,1 11111 eI.
1/)' 11"lld! ,1/), !lrl/d! (1925) .1 relcllinp: nf thc ~lnrie ... of bulh \ I""e, Jnd
I ]"ll.I II rillell umil-r the {Iin· ... t intltll'llrc (If Fr~~cr's Fon'-I,Qrt /IIlltt' Old
! \11< hd l·h~r~"11tnI. 'Grttl \lllh~. \\ h,le ("~I,le,, ROlli.::" (jr~',." (."'~n' L I' ~ "j)f,,~.tful
\k~'''. III F;rI ••" ,1 Lr~,d 1.11111"1' leJ,). (,"drfl "".1 Ilrt G",l./fU. 1."".1""
("-.:";.!,,,\ L ""n"ll I'r~'w,), lIWI,~, 1111 'I ~
\ 11<'\\ ,'nnlllllllm'~I",l lu s<')))Wllf h"h I'I~ T ... l I11l~hl".lh,'n. ""UI~ .dnHr~r "f
("., e" s<, \ ,"nur. o/', (II., 391
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',rl.
m I ~!l<ll.lndllp, D/" m,. 166 1'1.1
'i ... ","ur.~p, "I. 107,
--
Edil'Jriallnlroduclion
1(-,11/111<'111." RClUrnillg 10 Ihe figure 1)( JC'lI", Gr.IH" III the 11),10 ..
l'nlh,lrl.nl upon \\h;1I \\.l~ dc,tincd III hcculllc a I\H·nt~~~{'.lf 1:\.I1I1111;11ion
111 IIw "riglll", dCH'\upmClll .1IIt! 'lIppo,,~d mi .. appropn;uiol1 .)t Ihe
(hr"II,1II 'tlJr~. This Cntk.LI lOur 1I1l'l it;lhl~ <In'll hi~ I hough! intu I h(' orhil
1)1 (ierm.11l Hihlicil ami J'C\\ "l'1'\1.lIm:11I 'lUdic~, in ,Ihid. he ,\\inl~
iKl'.II1W ,ldqll ~nd II hid. he hl)ldl~ haflll"~l'd 10 his 0\\ 11 hi!thl~ IllIli\ idu.11
.,f
,1~CIJunl thl' bin h of Chri,'i;lni'~. 'I'he f.:lIlmin;11i on nf Ill(' mil 11 i1.1~ actl
),"11' pnJjcl"1 II .1~ Ihe ClIII..tJlU';ltUIII II jlh the giflcd .11'\\ i .. h \I'hlll,lf, .I,,,hu.1
'PIllIm. \\hidl produced TIll' \ ltZar/'11( (;'Hpd Rrs/nrrdo( IlJ53,.1II .Imhi
!lUU" ;1I1C11lPI 10 n[cm\ the herml'netllil',ll boulld,lric~ of thc TlIhil1!!cn
Sllll)U1 h~ ,Ill ,llIdal'iou, h~ pUI hel i!,'al rn:Ull,truel ion or:1 pUI,lIil e \ r,lm,lie
tlOl\lx:1 pre d,lling Ihl'l~lII{)nil.ll (io,pd, ofth(, "CII T("I,l1nenl. Gr,llc,
11,1' IOl1ll11n'd Ih,u Ihi, primillle (i'''IX'I, or somclhin~ ch",e III iI,
l'Olll,lilll'd the e'~eulial 1ll.1uife .. lu 'If Ihe fir't j{,\li~h Chri~'I,IIl" '1IIhe
'Iurllth 111,Iof\ed :11111 edip'l'd h~ Ihc Ihc(JI.,)!~ of I'aul ofT,lr,u, ,1II111hl'
ITCI'PIlI~ Ilcllclli,m oflhc e;\rI~ {Jwrch, \\ hatCIl'r it" aclt!(-mic mITil' or
ddi:l'\, ," ,Ill ,K'I'ulInl ufthc urigin' DfChri,ti,\Ilil~, TlIf \(/:;(/r"I/,' G",'pd
11' ... /111'('.1 1"1.111Ii,hcll ;\ tIl ofo ld p,ltte1'll in I hi~ imporl:ml .11'1,'.1 of (ir.1 I 1,'",\
11l1111l'~r.lphir II riling", \\'hil'l fi'l'u,ed prineip,lll~ on Ihe cmhr~,mic .11'
",I/.Il'CIll·' C:hri'liOlnil~ of Ihe jcru',lltm Church, il ,d,o highli)!hlcil
('1'.111,"" und('d~ing illlere,I and ~rnllillg e\"p('rli~e in jUlbi"lll m'ITI'
):CllCr.llll ('o)lIe('il('ll, :IIHI dem.,lI,Ir:ltcll hi, liru,Hkr n'ad;nt"~ 10I'"ll.Jh'l
r,IIC Illlh Irl't'-lhilllill~ jC\li,h ;llldltctWll, in thc irl\e"li~,lIi"n tlf Ih('
Bihlil',]1 Ilue'tiollS 01(,1' Ilhieh he Il.1d hrood('d ,inre hi" ~Olllh, Bulh
J'IX'I" 01 1111' pattern II erl' 10 recur 111 Ih I,' clllnpo,ition of I hohrrll' 1/ rths,
'I Ill' di,llIll'IIIC mClhod JPplicl1 h~ {;r:l\(', \II the interprel.uilln of
'><-Tlpt IIrt' ('\ 1111 cil frum tIll' \~ 111 he\!' of hi, rt',ldill/t in bOI h Blhlic;ll "udic"
.11111 'lIl1hmpoln~~, :J 11-" than f,]\hion,]hlc ,1I.:.]lIernic cmnhin.uion in thc
pcriod in Illll"tiol1, ('\IH,;\:i"lI~ for di,tinl{ui,hell amatcur, 'llch :1, (iralc',
1IlC\l'crl in the .meil'nl bngu:ll{c, .Hull·cmole from Ihe ri/tOT' nf:llIl1lTfJpo-
111)<11,]1 licldllorl, 'I'he 'tl'ad~ rc!il1l'lI1l'nl 'Iflhe methlill g:,lll' ri,c to tllO
lllllte IIl\lqllcl~ lir.lI t',i,m ,I r Jlcgil" for llllder,t:mding: :md I'c':"n,1r tluin~
Ill\' dl'I,I111 P,I<" :lnd uncdrthinp: the prt"II111ed prolOIC\h I~illg: hehiud Ihc
',IHt',1 dOllI111('n\<' of :ll11'ient rc1ip:illl1' Ix:lid .11111 cullie pr,lllice, 'l1ch ,"
Itll' 111111"';,11 \:,111011. Thl' lir,t \'r,lleg:~, nl,1.lincll in I he 11;,wril';ll
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1'1~!, ) 1'/
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