Table Of Content’
The HAZOP Leader s
Handbook
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’
The HAZOP Leader s
Handbook
How to Plan and Conduct
Successful HAZOP Studies
PHIL EAMES
Elsevier
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Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Reputationandreality 1
1.2 Whythisbook? 2
References 6
2. More than just a chair! 7
2.1 TheHAZOPleader’sresponsibilities 7
2.2 Areyoureadyforthechallenges? 10
2.2.1 Timeandresourceconstraints 11
2.2.2 Designcompleteness 12
2.2.3 Qualityofinformation 13
2.2.4 Facilitationandgroupdynamics 13
2.2.5 Customerexpectations 13
2.2.6 Measurementofeffectiveness 14
2.3 Qualifications,experienceandskills 14
2.4 Developinganddemonstratingyourcompetence 17
2.5 Makesureyouareindependent! 18
2.6 StillwanttobeaHAZOPleader? 19
References 19
3. Fail to prepare,prepare to fail 21
3.1 IsitHAZOPthatyouneed? 22
3.2 Canyouplanforsuccess? 25
3.3 Termsofreference 26
3.3.1 Puttheclient’sagreementfrontandcentre! 27
3.3.2 Describethebackgroundorcontextofthestudy 28
3.3.3 Beclearaboutyourobjectives 29
3.3.4 Carefullydefinethescopeofthestudy 29
3.3.5 Specifyhowyouwillapplythemethodology 30
3.3.6 Decidewhatprocesssafetyinformationyouneed 33
3.3.7 Whoneedstobeinvolved? 35
3.3.8 Scheduleanddeliverables 36
3.3.9 Reportcontentanddistribution 37
vii
viii Contents
3.4 TheHAZOPteam 37
3.4.1 ThecoreHAZOProles 38
3.4.2 Additionalroles(ifyoumust) 43
3.4.3 Independentprocessengineer 44
3.4.4 Safetymanager 45
3.4.5 Preparingtheteam 45
3.5 Nodeselection 47
3.5.1 Nodeselectionforacontinuousprocess 48
3.5.2 Nodesforcomplexsystems 49
3.5.3 Differentoperatingmodes 50
3.5.4 Paralleltrains 51
3.5.5 Studyboundariesorinterfaces 51
3.5.6 NodeselectionforbatchandproceduralHAZOP 52
3.6 Deviationsfromdesignintent 52
3.6.1 ContinuousHAZOP 53
3.6.2 BatchandproceduralHAZOP 56
3.7 Howmuchtimedoyouneed? 57
3.7.1 RulesofthumbbasedonP&IDsandnodes 59
3.7.2 Rulesofthumbbasedonequipment 61
3.7.3 Morecomplexmethods 61
3.7.4 Preparationandreportingtime 62
3.8 Preparationyoucanstartimmediately 63
3.8.1 P&IDmanagement 64
3.8.2 Softwarepre-population 65
3.9 Preparationsnearerthestudy 66
3.9.1 Generalconsiderations 66
3.9.2 TheHAZOPenvironment 67
3.9.3 Theopeningmeeting 69
3.10 Summary:criticalsuccessfactors 72
References 73
4. Apply best practice 75
4.1 Constructingscenarios:the‘goldenrules’ 75
4.1.1 Detailednodedescriptionanddesignintent 76
4.1.2 Causesinthenode,consequencesanywhere 78
4.1.3 Ultimate,unmitigatedconsequences 82
4.1.4 Actionsofthesafeguards 85
4.1.5 What-where-why-stand-alonerecommendations 88
4.1.6 Fullrecording 93
Contents ix
4.2 Asummaryofscenariodevelopment 94
4.3 Toolsforstimulatingcreativity 95
4.3.1 Modesoflosspotentialcauses 96
4.3.2 Processflowfailuremodes 96
4.3.3 Consequencepathways 97
4.4 Sometechnicalchallenges 98
4.4.1 Doublejeopardy 98
4.4.2 Commonmodefailure 100
4.4.3 Processdependencyorinteraction 101
4.5 Policychallenges 102
4.5.1 Overflows 102
4.5.2 Tankbunds 103
4.5.3 Positivedisplacementpumps 104
4.5.4 Nonreturnvalves(checkvalves) 104
4.5.5 Emergencyshut-offvalves 105
References 106
5. Facilitate! 107
5.1 Theroleoffacilitator 109
5.1.1 Groundrules 109
5.2 Groupdynamics 112
5.3 Teamdevelopment 113
5.4 Individualcommunicationstyles 116
5.5 Facilitationskills 118
5.5.1 FacilitationskillsforHAZOPleaders 118
5.5.2 SometechniquestoapplyinHAZOP 121
5.6 Consensusanddisagreement 124
5.7 Dysfunctionalbehaviour 128
5.7.1 HAZOPleaderbehaviour 129
5.7.2 Role-inducedbehaviours 131
5.7.3 Dealingwithdysfunctionalbehaviour 133
5.8 Crisis?Whatcrisis? 135
References 138
6. Focus on effectiveness 141
6.1 Whatdowemeanbyeffectiveness? 141
6.2 Maintainingeffectiveness:avoidingorovercomingcommonproblems 143
6.2.1 Maintainingattendance 143
6.2.2 Maintainingenergy 144
6.2.3 Managingtimepressure 146
