Table Of Content_MHS
m
14544
Hare PsychopathyChecklist:
ScreeningVersion(PCL:SV)
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Hare PsychopathyChecklist
ScreeningVersion(PCL:SV)
S.D.Hart,D.N.Cox, b R.D.Hare
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Contents
Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... v_
Publisher' s Preface ........................................................................................................................ ix
Chapter 1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 1
Inn-odu_on ........................................................................................................................................................... I
Useofthe P(X.:SV ................................................................................................................................................... 1
Scre_ for Psychotxtflly inForen-vicSettings .................................................................................................... 1
Assessment and Diagnosis of Psychopathy Outside ofForensic Settings ......................................................... 2
Chapter 2: Theoretical and Empirical Review ....................................................................................... 3
The Nature ofPsydmpathy:. Four Assessment Issues ............................................................................................. 3
Two-Facet Structu_ ......................................................................................................................................... 4
cammcity......................................................................................................................................4..................
_on with Criminality ............................................................................................................................. 4
Asso_ation with Deceitfulness ........................................................................................................................ 4
The Need for aNew Scale: ARm,iew ofExisting _ _ ................................................................. 5
Sdf-R_ports ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
DSM-IV Crileria for Anfimcial Permnality Disorder .......................................................................................... 5
I_pfion ......................................................................5.........................................................................
Reliability .....:............................................................................................................................................ 6
S,l_". .................................................................................................................................................. 9
Hare PsSr..hopattryChe_t-Revi._ (PCL-R) ................................................................................................... 9
Descriptio.n......................................................................9........................................................................
Re/lability................................................................................................................................................ i0
Ncxms..................................................................................................................................................... 11
Va]irtity.................................................................................................................................................... 1]
S.rnrm D,................................................................................................................................................. 12
S,Trnrn_orfyE-,aluations ......................................................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 3: Development of the PCL:SV .................................................................................... 13
KnstDraft The Clinical VersionofthePCL-R ......................................................................................................... B
Cox.Hart,amlHam (1989) .............................................................................................................................. 13
Roy(19gg) ....................................................................................................... :............................................. 14
Roesch (m press) ............................................................................................................................................ 14
S_'. ............................................................................................................................................................. 15
Final Drafk The Screening Versionofthe Psychopathy Chm_2Bst('PCL:SV) ............................................................. 15
Chapter 4 Administration of the PCL:SV ................................................................................. 17
Uses and Users .................................................................................................................................................... 17
, Applied Set'tings .2......................................................................................................................................... 17
Research Settings ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Training ................................................................................................................................................................. 17
ThePCL:SV Assessmemt_ ...................................................................................................................... 18
Imervie_ng ................................................................................................................................................... lg
Charts andCoLlateralhdormants ..................................................................................................................... 18
Conflicts Between Sources ofInformation ...................................................................................................... 18
v
_lg ................................................................................................................................................................. 19
T_meFrame .................................................................................................................................................... 19
Item Scores .................................................................................................................................................... 19
Omitl/ng ]Imrt_................................................................................................................................................ 19
U_n_ the _re r" Form for the PCL:SV
Missi'ng items ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Percentile rank-x....................................................................................................................................... 21
Smring_,_, es...................................................................................................................................2..1..............
ItemDearriptions .................................................................................................................................................. 22
Ite_a1:S_ ........................................................................................................................................... 22
]mm2:CKr'anr_ios.e.......................................................................................................................................... 22
Item3: _ ............................................................................................................................................. 30
Item 4:LacksRemorse.................................................................................................................................... 30
Itm_5:Laeks_ ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Imm6: Doesn't Accept Responsa-bi/ily ................................................................. ........................................... 30
Item 7:lm_sive ............................................................................................................................................ 30
llem 8:PoorBehavi_'al Controls ............................. :....................................................................................... 30
Item 9:I._ek_Goals ......................................................................................................................................... 30
Item 10:_le ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Item 11:Adolescent Anti.eax_aIBehavior ........................................................................................................ 30
Item 12:A&l!t Anrimcial Behavior .................................................................................................................. 30
Chapter 5: Norms, Reliability, and Factor Structure ................................................................. 3 1
Descriptive Stati__ics ............................................................................................................................................ 31
Samples ......................................................................................................................................................... 31
...................................................................................................................................................... _2
Distn'lx_ion of Scores .................................................................................................................................... 32
_abiti_,. ...........................................................................................................................................3.."..3..............
PCL:SV_ .................................................................................................................................................. 33
Consistency ......................................................................................................................................
Item Homogealcity .......................................................................................................................................... 37
_amr Reliability ........................................................................................................................................ 37
Test-Retest 12etiahility .................................................................................................................................... 38
Standard Errors ofMeasmement ofTotal Scores ............................................................................................. 39
Fa_ar Staminate.................................................................................................................................................... 40
Co_talory. Factor Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 40
Correlation _ Part 1and 2 Sol:ires......................................................................................................... 41
S_m,._rry .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
Chapter 6: Concurrent, Convergent, and Discriminant Validity................................................ 43
Co_urmm _alidib". ............................ .................................................................................................................. 43
............................................................................................................................................................ 43
Pea-sonalilyDisorder ....................................................................................................................... 45
Se/f-Repons ................................................................................................................................................... 45
Cogv_rgeI11and _minant Validil_,..................................................................................................................... 45
DSM-IH-R Personality Disorders .................................................................................................................... 45
Normal PersonaliD"......................................................................................................................................... 47
Substance Use ............................................................................................................................................... 50
Mood State aI Assessm_ ............................................................................................................................ 50
Age, Sex, and Race ......................................................................................................................................... 50
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Chapter 7: Concluding Comments .................................................................................................... 55
References ....................................................................................................................................... 57
Appendix: Detailed Description of Self-Report Procedures for Assessing Psychopathy ..... 65
EvaluationoftheMMPI-2...................................................................................................................................... 65
F_ma_........................................ :.................................................................................................................. 65
_aiabit_y.....................................................................................................................................6..5...............
............................................................................................................................................................ 66
_ltr.,_ry. ....................................................................................................................................................... 67
EvaluationoftheCPI ............................................................................................................................................. 67
Ff'll"m_ ........................................................................................................................................................... 67
l_eqizbilily ...................................................................................................................................................... 68
Norms............................................................................................................................................................ 68
_Tiaib,.........................................................................................................................................6..8................
y_rrrnmry........................................................................................................................................................ 69
Evab_tionoftheMCMI-III................................................................................................................................... 69
1_e]i::d'_ilily ...................................................................................................................................................... 69
N_'ms............................................................................................................................................................. 70
........................................................................................................................................................ 70
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Acknowledgements
The development of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist:
Screening Version (PCL:SV) was supported, inpart, bya grant toDr.
Hare from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Fo,mdation's
Research Network onMental Health and the I._, readerthe direction
ofD_ John Monzhan Schoolof/.,aw,University ofVagj'nia (seeHart,
}_e, &Fort_ 1994). Wewi_shloeX:pl'essatlrgtaii_JdeloDr./Vlfmnh:xrl
and the MacArthur Foundation for thi__support Logistical support
came primarily from Dr. Adelle Forth, Department of Psychology,
Carlgton University, who was largely responsa'blefor adminig-lering
the MacAnhur Fotmdation grant onbetmlfofDr. Hare.
A mlmber of people adminLqered the PCL:SV as part of
iadep_deat research projects and kindly allowed us access totheir
data. Specifically, wewouldl_totha_I_ HenrySteadman andMx_
t_amela Clark Robbins ofPolicy Research Ass_iates, Delrrmr, NY;
Dr. P. Randall Kropp, B.C. Forensic Psychiatric Services
Commission; Drs. Donald G. Dunon and Catherine Sta-achan
Departm__nt of Psychology, University ofBritish Cobmahia; and Dr.
Adelle Forth and Ms. Shelley Brown, Departmean of Psychology,
Carleton University
_vqll
2
14551 1
Publisher's Preface
We are pleased to present yau with the Hare Psychopathy
Checklist Screening Vcrsion (Hare PCL:SV). The ori_na! Ham
Psychopathy Chec.kl_ Revised (PCI_R) ha_ become the s't'anrtmd
assessment measure for forensic and correc_oIlal populations.
H_, rrmny pl'ofcssJ_ _ a brief _ tim? has
high validity and high l'eliahility rarins,_£h.uilartOthe coinplele Hare
PCL-R_ The mrtb0rs arrived at thi_ insmlmcm to _ this need_
The Hare PCL:SV was not designed to replace the Hare PCL-R
but to after an efficient tool to screen for the possible presence of
psy_. T1_HarePCL:SVisa 12-immscaletased ona_ of
the_-I_. _ ll'm_canb¢COnvpl_d_LinCi'vicnnd fOl'Cn_Csgltin_,i_n
tmd_ 1½ hou.Ts.InC_AC Sol'ringt*.;],_PCL:SV call1:xu_s_l m _
evalualie_s, tx=sonnel selec_i<m,_ndctmnnmnity studies. C'moffscores
indicate when tofollow upthescreener withthe complete Hare PCI_R,
f soitis easy toimeglate the two_ for ultimata accmacy.
r Iw._ to,_k Dr__ S/_-_os, _ Man'/5on,JeflT'_.gerakl
and timrest ofthe MIlS slaff who have contn'l:aRed tothe re_li:r-Ation
ofthe Hare PCL Scmemng Vex,sicm_
The authors have done an exca:_onal and thorough job of
developing _hi__instntmenI and do_menting the data behind it
However, please keep us informed of any reseaI_ you conchtctusing
thisi_-_,menl soyour_ canbeinclud_ in_f-_weImAsion_oftbi_
StgvenJ. Stem, Ph_D.
Publisher
ix
14552
Chapter One
Overview
This chaptc'r provides an mx:rview ofthe rationale for APD in these m_nuals consi._lm_ely ofa list ofovert
behind the development of the Psychopathy Checklist" delinquent and crimirml behaviors. These criteria have
Screeming Version (PCL:SV). been severely criticized for their neglect ofimmT:,m-sonal
and affective symptoms historically associated with the
Introduction construct of psychopathy, such as superficiality,
gra_diosity, callousness, mampulativeness, lack of
Ob_wers ofhmnanbehavior have long arguedthat remorse, and Soforth(e.g, Hare, 1983; Hare, Har_ &
tx;ople can be classified into types on theb_i._ ofthei r Harpur, 1991; Millon, 1981; Rogers & Dion, 1991;
personalities (Tyrer &Ferguson, 1988). In modemclmical Widiger &Corbitt, 1995). _g13, rathe textofthe
psychology and psychiatlT, abnormal types are referred DSM-/-V, the American Psychiatric Association now
to as personality disorders -- characteristic ways of recoEniTes explicitly the importance ofinterpersonal and
perceiving and relating totheworld that result in social affective symptoms mthe diagnosis ofAPD:
dysfunction or disability (e.g., American Psychiatric
Association, 1994; Millon, 1981). Ps-ychopathy, or ]_ackofempathy, infl_tedself-appraiml
psychopzthic personality disorder, can be differs__fi_ted and _cial charm are featlares that
from other personMity disorders on the bavi_ of its have been commonly included in
characteristic pattern of interpersonal, affective, and traditional concepdens ofpsychopa/try
_havioral symptoms (e.g., Cleckle3, 1976; Hare, 1991; and maybe particularly distinguighing
-Mc_rd &_rd, 1964). _r_lly, psychopaths of Antisocial Personali_- Disorder in
are grandiose, egocentric, manipulative, dominant, prison or forensic settings where
forceful, and cold-hearted. Affectively, they display criminnl delinquenL oraggressive acts
shallc_, and labile emotions, cannot form long-lasting are h3mtytobenonspe_ (1994,p.647).
bonds topeople, principles, or goals, and lack empathy,
anxiety, and geauine guilt or remorse. Behaviorally, The problem is that the DSM-IV provides no
psychopalh_ are impulsive and sensalJon-seeMng and tend guidelin_ concerning howto assessthese symptoms (Ham
toviolaIe sc_sal norms -- the most obvious expressions &Hart, 1995).
of these predispositions revolve criminalit3, substance In rhi__manual, the development and _lidation of
abuse, and a failure to fulfill social obligations and the ScreeningVersionoftheHarePsychopath3, Checklist,
res_ns_ilifies. Robert Hare, in his recent book g'ithout or PCL:SV, is desert-beTdhe_PCL:SV isa 12-item scale,
Conscience (Hare, 1993), offers a re_clzble in--on derived from the PCL-R, that has two major purposes: to
tothe concept of psychopathy, screen for psychopathy m forensic settings and to assess
The a.ssessment ofpsycl_pathic persormlity disorder and diagnose psychopathy outside offoreusic settings_
has Nmn a topic ofgrowing interest over the past decade.
There are probably two main masons for this. The first is Use of the PCL:SV
the success of diagnostic criteria for psychopathy --
specifics113;the Pswchopathy Ch_kl_ (PCL; Hare, 1980) The PCL:SV has good_alidity as a screemng tool
and its recent revision (PCL-R; Hare, 1991). There is and can be used mfomnsic and nonfomnsic eavLronm_ts_
now considerable literature aaestmg tothe reliabili_' and The following sections elaborate on the uses of the
_Midity of the PCL and PCL-R in forensic setlmgs: Of PCL:SV.
parti_ importance is their predictive validity with
rm-tx_ tocriminal behavior (for reviews, see Hare, 1991; Screen for Psychopathy in¥orensic Settin_
Hare, Forth, & Strachan 1992; Hare &Hart, 1993). The PCL-Rmnstbe considered the method ofchoice
The second reason for the gro_ng interest in forasse_mganddiagnosmgps)x:hopathymforemsac(i.e.,
psychapathy isdisencba_trnent with the diagnostic criteria correctional and forensac psychiatric) setnngs due to its
for antisocial personality, disorder (APD) contained in excellent pwchometric properties and well_stabhshed
recent editions of the American P_'chiatric _on's validib. However, it is rather time-consuming and
Dia_osric and Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders, _e toadminister routinely.In conu-a_%the PCL:SV
nameb; theDSM_1_ DSM_LII_R,andDSM_IV(Amerman is a relatrvely quickand inexpertly_y of assessing
l:_ychiatric Assocsafion, 1980, 1987, 1994). The criteria psychopathic traits in offenders and forensac patients.
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