The Greenhouse Gas Balance of Italy: An Insight on Managed and Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems

209 Pages·2015·7.578 MB·English

by  Riccardo Valentini, Franco Miglietta (eds.)

Environmental Science
Riccardo Valentini
Franco Miglietta Editors
The Greenhouse
Gas Balance
of Italy
An Insight on Managed and Natural
Terrestrial Ecosystems
Environmental Science and Engineering
Environmental Science
Series editors
Rod Allan, Burlington, Canada
Ulrich Förstner, Hamburg, Germany
Wim Salomons, Haren, The Netherlands
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/3234
Riccardo Valentini · Franco Miglietta
Editors
The Greenhouse Gas
Balance of Italy
An Insight on Managed and Natural
Terrestrial Ecosystems
1 3
Editors
Riccardo Valentini Franco Miglietta
Department for Innovation in Biological, FoxLab Institute of Biometeorology
Agro-Food and Forest System (DIBAF) National Research Council of Italy (CNR)
University of Tuscia and Edmund Mach Foundation
Viterbo San Michele all’Adige
Italy Italy
and
Impacts on Agriculture, Forest and Natural
Ecosystem Division (IAFENT)
Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate
Changes (CMCC)
Viterbo
Italy
ISSN 1431-6250
Environmental Science and Engineering
ISBN 978-3-642-32423-9 ISBN 978-3-642-32424-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-32424-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014957323
Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
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Contents
Part I The Overview
1 The Greenhouse Gas Balance of Italy: A Synthesis ............... 3
Maria Vincenza Chiriacò and Riccardo Valentini
2 Carbon, Water and Energy Fluxes of Terrestrial
Ecosystems in Italy .......................................... 11
Dario Papale, Mirco Migliavacca, Edoardo Cremonese,
Alessandro Cescatti, Giorgio Alberti, Manuela Balzarolo,
Luca Belelli Marchesini, Eleonora Canfora, Raffaele Casa,
Pierpaolo Duce, Osvaldo Facini, Marta Galvagno, Lorenzo Genesio,
Damiano Gianelle, Vincenzo Magliulo, Giorgio Matteucci,
Leonardo Montagnani, Fabio Petrella, Andrea Pitacco,
Guenther Seufert, Donatella Spano, Paolo Stefani,
Francesco P. Vaccari and Riccardo Valentini
3 Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emissions ................. 47
Rita Baraldi, Francesca Rapparini, Osvaldo Facini,
Claudia Justina Kemper Pacheco, Giorgio Matteucci,
Enzo Brancaleoni and Paolo Ciccioli
Part II Forests
4 The Role of Managed Forest Ecosystem: An Inventory Approach ... 61
Anna Barbati and Piermaria Corona
5 The Role of Managed Forest Ecosystems: A Modeling
Based Approach ............................................ 71
Angelo Nolè, Alessio Collalti, Marco Borghetti, Marta Chiesi,
Gherardo Chirici, Federico Magnani, Serena Marras, Fabio Maselli,
Costantino Sirca, Donatella Spano and Riccardo Valentini
v
vi Contents
6 Emissions from Forest Fires: Methods of Estimation
and National Results ........................................ 87
Valentina Bacciu, Donatella Spano and Michele Salis
7 Carbon Losses Due to Wood Harvesting and the Role
of Wood Products .......................................... 103
Marco Marchetti, Gherardo Chirici and Bruno Lasserre
Part III Croplands, Grasslands and Natural Ecosystems
8 Soil Carbon Stocks and Fluxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Tommaso Chiti, Costantino Sirca, Mirco Rodeghiero,
Donatella Spano and Riccardo Valentini
9 NO Emission Factors for Italian Crops ........................ 135
2
Simona Castaldi, Giorgio Alberti, Teresa Bertolini, Annachiara Forte,
Franco Miglietta, Riccardo Valentini and Angelo Fierro
10 Cropland and Grassland Management ......................... 145
Emanuele Lugato, Agata Novara, Damiano Gianelle,
Loris Vescovo and Alessandro Peressotti
Part IV Regional Case Studies
11 The Role of Vineyards in the Carbon Balance Throughout Italy .... 159
Damiano Gianelle, Luciano Gristina, Andrea Pitacco,
Donatella Spano, Tommaso La Mantia, Serena Marras,
Franco Meggio, Agata Novara, Costantino Sirca
and Matteo Sottocornola
12 Afforestation and Reforestation: The Sicilian Case Study ......... 173
Juliane Rühl, Luciano Gristina, Tommaso La Mantia,
Agata Novara and Salvatore Pasta
13 Afforestation and Reforestation: The Friuli Venezia Giulia
Case Study ................................................ 185
Giorgio Alberti, Gemini Delle Vedove, Silvia Stefanelli
and Giuseppe Vanone
14 Trying to Link Vegetation Units with Biomass Data:
The Case Study of Italian Shrublands ......................... 195
Salvatore Pasta, Tommaso La Mantia, Serena Marras,
Costantino Sirca, Donatella Spano and Riccardo Valentini
Acronyms
AF/R/D Afforestation/reforestation/deforestation
AIC Akaike’s information criterion
ANN Artificial Neural Network
BEF Biomass expansion factor
BVOC Biogenic volatile organic compounds
BWD Basic wood density
CAI Current annual increment
CC Combustion completeness
CE Combustion efficiency
CLC Corine land cover
CO eq Amount of CO that would have the same global warming
2 2
potential (GWP) for a given amount of greenhouse gas
CRO Cropland
CUP Carbon uptake period
DBF Deciduous broadleaf forest
DBH Diameter at breast height
EBF Evergreen broadleaf forest
EF Emission factor
ENF Evergreen needleleaf forest
FE Fire emissions
FIE Fertilizer-induced emission
FM Forest management
GHG Greenhouse gas
GIS Geographic information system
GPG-LULUCF Good practice guidance for land use, land-use change and
forestry. It refers to IPCC (2003) Penman J., Gytarsky M.,
Hiraishi T., Krug, T., Kruger D., Pipatti R., Buendia L., Miwa
K., Ngara T., Tanabe K., Wagner F., Good Practice Guidance
for Land Use, land-Use Change and Forestry IPCC/IGES,
Hayama, Japan
GPP Gross primary production
vii
viii Acronyms
GRA Grassland
IAV Interannual variability
INFC National inventory of forests and forest carbon pools
IPCC Intergovernmental panel on climate change
ISCI Carbon stock inventory
ISTAT National statistics agency
IUTI Land use inventory
LAI Leaf area index
LUC Land use change
LULUCF Land use, land-use change and forestry
MBE Mean bias error
NEE Net ecosystem exchange
NEP Net ecosystem production
NPP Net primary production
Nr Reactive nitrogen
PAR Photosynthetically active radiation
PBMs Process-based models
PFT Plant functional types
QA/QC Quality assurance/quality control
RMSE Root mean square error
SHB Shrubland
SLA Specific leaf area
SOA Secondary organic aerosols
SOC Soil organic carbon
SOM Soil organic matter
SVAT Soil-vegetation-atmosphere transport
TER Total ecosystem respiration
UNFCCC United nations framework convention on climate change
VOC Volatile organic compounds
VPD Vapor pressure deficit
Part I
The Overview