The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of Santo Domingo Zinacantan

308 Pages·2006·11.32 MB·English

The Great Tzotzil Dictionary
of Santo Domingo Zinacantan
with Grammatical Analysis
and Historical Commentary
VOLUME II: English-Tzotzil
ROBERT M. LAUGHLIN
with John B. Haviland
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY • NUMBER 31
SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
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Robert McC. Adams
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S M I T H S O N I AN C O N T R I B U T I O NS TO ANTHROPOLOGY • NUMBER 31
The Great Tzotzil Dictionary
of Santo Domingo Zinacantan
with Grammatical Analysis
and Historical Commentary
II: English-Tzotzil
VOLUME
Robert M. Laughlin
with John B. Haviland
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS
Washington, D.C.
1988

Contents
VOLUME II
Page
English-Tzotzil Dictionary v
Foreword vi
English-Tzotzil 357
English-Tzotzil Thesaurus 483
Outline 483
Thesaurus 485

English-Tzotzil Dictionary
Pictograph of Santo Domingo
(Codex Aubin)
Foreword
The English-Tzotzil section of this dictionary is connposed of an alphabetical list, which
then generates the Thesaurus.
On the presumption that the cultural context of this dictionary is more readily available
to anthropologists, historians, and linguists if presented in a thesaurus, I have modified
Joe R. Campbell's Nahuatl adaptation of Voegelin and Voegelin's Hopi domains: I have
added a section not normaUy included in cultiu-al schemes, but which the Tzotzil show
to be an important and tantalizing one for understanding culture—^metaphoric expression.
When consulting the English-Tzotzil section and the Thesaurus, the reader should be
aware that the Tzotzil terms are given in the abbreviated form found in the Tzotzil-English
presentation, i.e., with noun and adjective stems stripped of possession and plural markers
and verb stems stripped of person, tense aspect, and plural markers. Accordingly, for a
full rendering of many Tzotzil terms, the reader must consult the grammatical analysis
to supply the missing affixes; e.g., king, given as "ba 'ojov," would appear in actual usage
as "5^a'oy<9v," and courtesan, "ta tz'el 'ojov xanav," as "tastz'el'ojov xxanav."
The alphabetical list of English-Tzotzil is indexed to the Thesatuns; in the former, literal
translations are enclosed in brackets.
English-Tzotzil
feel aches and pains: bak' 'osil 'a'i [feel the
earth move] 14E, 33.
abandon 'iktay lOD, 21B. acid ch'a 8D.
abandon one's town: kom ta na 19,21B; *lu (unripe fruit): sapap 8D.
19,21B. acolyte jtak'beyej-misa 15A1, 35A.
abandoned 'iktaybil lOD, 21B; komesbil lOD, 21B. acorn chochob 5A.
ability pasel 16C; pasel ba 16C. acquaint acquaint oneself with: *a'i tojol 11; na'bey
able be able: Hu' 16C; Hu' 'u'un 16C. tojol 11.
abort 'et'es 18A, 18C, 18E, 33; yal 'u'un 18A, across ta xokon 4.
18C, 18E, 33; yales 18A, 18C, 18E, 33. place across: k'atan 9B.
above 'ak'ol 4; *kuy 4; *kuyik 4. adam adam's apple: 'avanabil [shouter] 7A, 14;
abrasive k'ok' [hot] 14G, 16K. p'okan nuk'il 7A; vukvukil 7A.
absent mo k'uluk 4; mo nakluk 4. add p'il 12; p'iles 12.
absent one's self: bal 9A1; lok' 9A1. add up: 'ak' *'eIo 12; *'elaaj 'u'un 12;
absolve ch'ay mul 35C; ch'aybey 35C; ch'aybey *'elaajes 12.
mul 35C. addition p'ilel 12; p'ilem 12.
absorb 'ul IC. address tz'ibaj ta ba 1 lA; tz'ibaj ta pat 11 A; ta 'ak'ol
absorbed be absorbed: *ul IC. tz'ibaj 11 A.
be absorbed (as when rain is absorbed into administer administer to (giving something to some
the ground): 'uch' 1C,9E; 'uch'li 1C,9E. one): 'et'es IOC.
abstinence tojol ve'el 35C. administration good administration: melel 'osil [lined-up
abundance nojel 12. time] 14E, 20.
abundant 'ep 12; laal 12; pim 12; *xol 12. admire 'elavaj 16D; chamolaj 16D; tup'olaj 16D.
become abundant: 'epaj 12; pimij 12. admit vinajes 11.
make abundant: 'ak' pimijuk 12; pimijes 12. adobe patbil lum 28; xamiti 15B, 28.
abusive abusive person: k'ak'al vinik [hot person] lay or make adobes: ch'ubaj 28; ch'uban 28;
14G, 161. ch'ubay 28.
become abusive: k'ak'ub [become hot] 14G, adopt (man): nich'nan 18F.
161, 20A. (woman): 'alan 18F.
abyss lajeb 'olon IB; lajeb 'ut IB. adopted nich'nanbil 18F.
accept 'ich' lOB. adorn tzatzajes 16R, 3 IE; pas 16R, 31E.
accept advice or reproach: 'a'i lOB, 16F. adorned 'oy tzatzajel 16R, 31E; tzatzajesbil 16R, 31E.
accident by accident: Ha' no *ox yalal 17. adulterer mulavej 'ajnilal 18C, 21B; *jxap-'ajnilal
accompany chi'in 16D; lak'in 16D; nupin 16D. 18C,21B.
accord of one accord: ko'ol 11. adulteress mulavil'ajnilal 18C, 21B.
account 'atel 27. adultery (man's): mulavej ta 'ajnilal 18C, 21B.
accumulate tzob lOB. (woman's): mulavej ta malalil 18C, 21B.
accumulated kunul lOB. commit adultery: mulav ta 'ajnilal 18C, 21B;
accusation k'oplal 20A. *xap 'ajnilal 18C, 21B.
accusation that must be made: jambol 20A. advance ba'yitas 9B.
accusation to be made: 'albol 20A. advanced object advanced: ba'yitasej 9B.
'al 20A; jam [open] 14, 20A. advantageous be advantageous: 'elmaj yo' 'oy 17; lok' yo'
accuse
accuse another falsely of one's own crime: 'oy 17.
lajes mul la tojol 20A. adversity kisin 15C, 16J; ya 16J.
ache 'ip ma' 33; nakbal 33. advice request advice: jak' tza 11; k'an tza 11.
aches and pains: bak'el 33. take advice seriously: 'ak' ta 'olonton [put
357
358 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY
in one's heart] 14B6, 16F. of wicked words] 11,14J, 20.
advise va'an [stand up] 11, 14. in agreement: Hechtik 11.
advised va'al 11. aground jok'ol 9A2.
person being advised: va'anej 11. hard aground: cha'-jok'ol 9A2; cha'-kikil
adze 'anob te' 26B. 9A2.
affair person who has an affair: mulavil 18C. place where one runs aground: kiktzajebal
afflict 'ak'bey 'il vokol 141, 161; 'ak'bey vokol 9A2.
161; 'il vokol 'u'un [see difficulty because run aground: kiktzaj 9A2; kikil 9A2.
of] 141, 161; t'inlebey 'olonton [pierce run aground (boat, canoe): jok'tzaj 9A2.
one's heart] 14B6, 161. running aground: jok'el 9A2; kiktzajel 9A2.
person who afflicts us: 'ajval 161. ahead ahead of: ta 'ichonil 4.
affront 'ak' ta namal 16K, 20A; javayel 16K, 20A; be ahead: ba'yi 4.
javayes 16K, 20A; k'exk'onel 16K, 20A; get ahead: ba'yi 9A1.
namajes 16K, 20A; namal 16K, 20A. get ahead of: 'ech' ta be 9A1; ba'yitas ba
affronted namajesbil 16M, 20A. 9A1.
be affronted: k'exk'on 16M, 20A; namnon object put ahead of: ba'yitasej 4.
16M, 20A. put ahead of: ba'yitas 9B.
afraid be afraid: xi' 16J. aid 'abolajel IOC.
be afraid of: 'ip 'a'i [feel alot] 14C, 16J; xi' aid the poor or miserable: 'aboltay KXT,
16J. 16A, 21D, 27; koltay IOC, 16A, 21D, 27;
after u'akal 2, 4. yain IOC, 16A, 21D, 27.
shortly after: j-'ok' xa 2; j-'ok'uk xa 2. come to the aid of: tal IOC, 16A.
afterbirth me' 'olol [mother of child] 7B, 14H, 18A, aided koltaybil lOB.
18C. aim aim well: jav 'u'un 9B, 21E2, 24; satibil bat
afternoon late afternoon: samelsamel 'osil [late late •u'un 9B, 21E2, 24.
time] 2A, 14E. air 'ak' majey 'ik' lA; 'ik' lA.
again j-mek xa 2; j-mekuk xa 2; ta j-mekeluk xa 2. airing take an airing: majey lA, 34; majey lum
against nakel 4. [have ground beaten] lA, 14E, 34.
age be of age: ta k'inal 18B. alabaster xokom IB.
be of the same age: ko'ol 'abil 18F; ko'ol alcalde alcalde 15A2, 20; jnam-te' [walking stick
'epal 'abil 18F; ko'ol ch'i 18F; ko'ol person] 14, 20.
ch'iel 18F. deputy alcalde: jch'am-alcalde 15A2, 20;
agemate 'ix ta ch'iel 18F. jlok'tay-alcalde 15A2, 20.
aging (of a woman): me'elubel 18E. aUght (candle): kuxlej ID.
agitate bak'es 'osil [move the earth] 14E, 2IE. alive kuxul 7C.
agitated greatiy agitated: toj k'ok'k'ok' [very hot] half alive: yalul kuxul 33.
140. All All Saints' Day: k'in chame-vinik [dead
agitator j'ak'-k'op [word-giver] 21E; jbak'esej-'osil people's fiesta] 14, 18E, 35E.
2IE; jxi'-k'op [he of fearful words] 14J, All Souls' Day: k'in chame-vinik 18E, 35E.
21E; jxi'vanej-k'op [he of fearful words] all tz'akal 12; *kepel 12; kotol 12; k'otbaj 12;
14J, 21E. pisil 12.
ago a short time ago: j-'ok' to 2. all-powerful all-powerful person: jvesej kotol 16E, 20.
long ago: vo'ney 2. be all-powerful: kotol Hu' 'u'un 16E, 20.
agree agree on (price, deal): nop k'op [think of alleviation yamajel 33.
words] 14J, 27; pas k'op [do words] 14J, alloyed 'oy kap 29; kapinbil la sakil tak'in 29.
27. ally tasal 2IE.
agreement tzobol k'op [gathered words] 11,14J; *chanul alms 'abolajel lOB, 27; 'aboltayvanej lOB, 27.
k'op [gathered words] 11, 14J; ch'akeb give alms: 'abolaj [suffer for] IOC, 14,16A,
k'op [division of words] 11, 14J; ch'akob 27; 'abolan IOC, 16A, 27; 'aboltay IOC,
k'op 11; nopeb k'op 11; tojol 11. 16A, 27; 'aboltayvan IOC, 16A, 27.
be in agreement: junjun k'op [single word] give alms to: 'ak'bey 'aboltayel IOC, 16A,
11, 14J; ko'ol k'op [same word] 11, 14J; 27.
Ha' no 'ox k'op [just words] 11, 14J. alms-giver j'abolajel IOC, 16A, 27; j'aboltayvanej IOC,
illicit agreement: tzobol labal k'op [gathering 16A, 27.