The Goblin Spider Genus Scaphiella (Araneae, Oonopidae)

2010·150.3 MB·English

by  Norman I. Platnick

THE GOBLIN SPIDER GENUS SCAPHIELLA
(ARANEAE, OONOPIDAE)
NORMAN I. PLATNICK
Peter J. Solomon Family Curator
Division of Invertebrate Zoology
American Museum of Natural History;
Adjunct Professor, Department of Biology
City College, City University of New York;
Adjunct Professor, Department of Entomology
Cornell University;
Adjunct Senior Research Scientist
Center for Environmental Research
and Conservation
Columbia University
NADINE DUPE´RRE´
Scientific Assistant, Division of Invertebrate Zoology
American Museum of Natural History
BULLETINOFTHEAMERICANMUSEUMOFNATURALHISTORY
Number332,156pp., 1154 figures,15maps
IssuedMarch15,2010
E
Copyright AmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory2010 ISSN0003-0090
Records of 61Scaphiellaspecies,combined.
CONTENTS
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Collections Examined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Scaphiella Simon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Key to Species: United States to Nicaragua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Key to Species: Costa Rica and Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Key to Species: South America (except Venezuela) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Key to Species: Venezuela and West Indies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Index of Specific Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
3
ABSTRACT
The goblin spider genus Scaphiella Simon is characterized by several unique characters,
including peculiarly shaped macrosetae found medially on the chelicerae and basally on the
palpal tarsi of both sexes. The genus is restricted to the New World tropics, except for one
speciescollectedinfarsouthernFlorida;asrevisedhere,thegroupcomprises61species,allof
which have small distribution ranges and 49 of which are newly described: S. longkey from
Florida;S.campeche,S.tuxtla,S.palenque,S.cocona,andS.palmillasfromsouthernMexico;
S. cayo from Belize; S. mico from Guatemala; S. ceiba, S. lancetilla, and S. muralla from
Honduras;S.bopalfromNicaragua;S.vito,S.hitoy,S.virgen,andS.osafromCostaRica;S.
antonio,S.altamira,andS.honefromCostaRicaandPanama;S.bocasandS.almirantefrom
Panama; S.bonda, S.meta, and S.vicenciofromColombia; S.pich,S.napo, S.tena, S.incha,
andS.chonefromEcuador;S.pagofromPeru;S.manaus,S.irmaos,S.capim,S.penna,andS.
muricifromBrazil;S.kartabofromGuyana;S.miranda,S.guatopo,S.tigre,S.gracia,S.cata,
S.valencia,S.icabaru,andS.ayacuchofromVenezuela;S.guiriafromVenezuelaandTrinidad;
S. arima from Trinidad; S. etang from Guadeloupe; S. saba from Saba; and S. buck from St.
Croix.
INTRODUCTION occurinmalesofScaphiellasimlaChickering
(figs. 849, 851). Such projections have not
The goblin spider genus Scaphiella was been detected in males of any of the other
established by Simon (1891) for the unusual species, suggesting that S. cymbalaria and S.
species Scaphiella cymbalaria Simon, from simla are sister taxa. Simon (1893b: 444)
the island of St. Vincent in the Lesser presentedthelocalitydatafortheVenezuelan
Antilles. Simon had both sexes of the type specimen he had earlier (1891)assigned to S.
species,whichhebelievedtooccuralsoinhis cymbalaria, but that specimen is a female
Venezuelancollections.Althoughtheoriginal placed below in Scaphiella valencia, new
description was not accompanied by any species. At present, S. cymbalaria is known
illustrations, Simon (1893a: figs. 257, 258) from several islands in the Lesser Antilles
soon supplied lateral and dorsal views of the (Dominica, Martinique, and Montserrat, as
distinctiveabdomenoffemales,makingthese well as St. Vincent), but not from Venezuela
‘‘taco spiders’’ instantly recognizable: in (where the clade seems to be represented
females, the ventral scutum extends around instead by S. simla, which occurs also on
the sides of the abdomen, leaving only a Trinidad).
small portion of the soft, dorsal surface These relatively small geographic ranges
uncovered (figs. 85, 87). Males have a dorsal are typical of the many species recognized
scutum not found in females (figs. 1, 30) but below; only five of the other known species
have a similar (if less laterally extended) are known from more than a single country
ventral scutum. orisland, andineachofthosecasesthetotal
Over subsequent decades, Simon and later distribution is still small, encompassing, for
authors added over 20 additional species to example, adjacent parts of Costa Rica and
thegenus,butmanyofthemweretransferred Panama (as in the new species S. antonio, S.
to Escaphiella, hypothesized to represent the altamira, and S. hone), of Panama and
sister group of Scaphiella, by Platnick and Colombia (as in S. barroana Gertsch, de-
Dupe´rre´ (2009b). Members of both genera scribedfromPanamaandherenewlyrecord-
sharethepresumablysynapomorphicventral ed from Colombia), or of Trinidad and
scutalarrangement,aswellasacharacteristic nearby parts of Venezuela (as in S. guiria,
epigynal configuration (figs. 65–67), but dif- new species).
fer in many other characters. In addition to the small average size of
Males of the type species, S. cymbalaria, their distributional ranges, Scaphiella species
have unusual, anteriorly directed projections seem to be confined to the New World
on the anterior surface of the chelicerae tropics, from southern Mexico and Cuba
(figs. 1053, 1056); smaller projections also (south of the Tropic of Cancer) south to
4
2010 PLATNICKANDDUPE´RRE´: GOBLIN SPIDERGENUSSCAPHIELLA 5
areasofPeruandBrazilthatarenorthofthe ofBelize,bythesamecollectors,onthesame
Tropic of Capricorn (see the Frontispiece). expedition.
This is in sharp contrast to the much wider Males of at least Scaphiella williamsi
distribution of Escaphiella, which extends Gertsch (1941) and S. altamira, new species,
from central California and Utah as far have a distinctively enlarged, smooth seta
south as Chile and Argentina. However, that originates anteriorly of the cheliceral
there is one exceptional record of true fang base, and extends almost the length of
Scaphiella specimens from outside the true the cheliceral fang (figs. 331, 333, 489, 490).
tropics; one male and one female were Unfortunately, these peculiar setae do not
collected on Long Key in the Florida Keys. seemtooccurinthefemalesofthosespecies,
When we first encountered this pair of so their absence in the female of S. cayo is
specimens, we assumed that they were just also uninformative. The absence of a groove
introducedfrom some more tropical locality. connecting the posterior spiracles, however,
However, our intensive efforts to associate also supports the placement of this female in
these two specimens with any of the tropical Scaphiella rather than Escaphiella.
species we’ve studied have all been unsuc- As in Escaphiella, species from nearby
cessful,andwehavethereforehadtodescribe geographiclocalitiesoftendifferobviouslyin
these specimens below as S. longkey, new somatic characters, particularly thepresence/
species. The species may eventually be found absence or distribution of microsculpture on
elsewhere (both Cuba and the Bahama the carapace and sternum. Similarities in
Islands have been insufficiently sampled for thesefeaturesoftencorroboratethematching
oonopids), but there are other oonopid of males and females that have not yet been
species that seem to be endemic to far collected together, as in almost all cases, the
southern Florida. two sexes correspond in these features. The
Almost all specimens of Scaphiella can same is true for reductions in eye size, which
quickly be distinguished from those of we have noted in Scaphiella bordoni Dumi-
Escaphiella by several features that are, so trescu and Georgescu (1987) from Venezuela
far aswe areaware, unique totheseanimals. and some new species (S. muralla from
Inbothsexes,thehighlyelongatedchelicerae Honduras, S. antonio from Costa Rica and
(figs. 52, 62) bear, along their median sur- Panama, S. incha from Ecuador, S. miranda
face, peculiarly shaped, black macrosetae and S. gracia from Venezuela, and S. arima
(figs. 332, 335). Similarly shaped, black from Trinidad). One notable exception is
macrosetae occur also near the base of the Scaphiella weberi Chickering (1968) from
prolateral surface of the palpal tarsus, again Trinidad, where the two female paratypes
in both sexes (figs. 497, 501, 545, 546). In have eye reductions and substantial micro-
addition, the palpal tarsus of females is sculpture on the carapace that do not also
unusually inflated (fig. 547). Here again, occur on the male holotype. All three
however, there is a single specimen that specimens were collected by N. Weber, but
declines to cooperate. This female, from have no detailed locality data, so we do not
Belize, is placed below as that of S. cayo, knowwhethertheywereactuallytakenatthe
new species. In this female, neither the same place or time. Chickering (1968: 155)
chelicerae (figs. 153–156) nor the palpal had other Weber-collected specimens from
tarsus (figs. 157–160) have the characteristic Trinidad,withthesamelackofdetaileddata,
macrosetae, and the palpal tarsus is not that he ‘‘tentatively assigned to this species
nearly as expanded as is typical for the but with considerable uncertainty’’; those
genus. However, the elongated cheliceral specimensarehereplacedinsteadinS.guiria,
shape supports placement of this female in new species. In the absence of any isolated
Scaphiella rather than Escaphiella (cf. Plat- males from Trinidad or northern Venezuela
nick and Dupe´rre´, 2009b: figs. 22–24), and that provide a better fit, we have elected to
wehavefoundnoothercharacterstosuggest retainChickering’shypothesizedmatchingof
that this specimen does not match the males the sexes in S. weberi, and merely caution
ofS.cayo,whichweretakeninthesamearea readers that it may be erroneous.
6 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OFNATURALHISTORY NO.332
We have not detected any instances of imageswillbeavailableonourGoblinSpider
themarkedasymmetrybetweentherightand Planetary Biodiversity Inventory (PBI) proj-
left male palps that characterizes some ect’s website (http://research.amnh.org/
species of Escaphiella (see Platnick and oonopidae).
Dupe´rre´, 2009b). Similarly, we have not
detected any examples of the fusion or
Collections Examined
reduction of the posterior median spin-
nerets (but we have scanned the spinnerets
in detail for only three of the species AMNH American Museum of Natural
discussed below). Perhaps the most unusual History, New York
modificationwehavedetectedisthepresence BMNH Natural History Museum, Lon-
in males of the new species S. etang, from don, England
Guadeloupe, of a series of strong cusps on CAS California Academy of Sciences,
the dorsal surface of the palpal femur
San Francisco
(figs. 1074, 1078–1080).
CNC Canadian National Collection,
Like many other hard-bodied oonopids,
Ottawa
Scaphiella specimens have a pair of oval,
FMNH FieldMuseumofNaturalHisto-
differentiallysclerotizedpatchessituatednear
ry, Chicago
thepedicel,attheanteriorendofthesidesof
FSCA Florida State Collection of Ar-
the ventral abdominal scutum. These struc-
thropods, Gainesville
tures have commonly been called booklung
IBSP Instituto Butantan, Sa˜o Paulo,
covers, as in other spiders, but that termi-
Brazil
nology may be incorrect, as these structures
INBIO InstitutoNacionaldeBiodiversi-
are actually situated far anterior of both the
dad, Santo Domingo, Costa
anterior spiracles and the booklungs them-
Rica
selves (figs. 22, 23, 375). Of course, the
KBIN KoninklijkBelgischInstituutvoor
booklungsinoonopids aretypicallyreduced,
Natuurwetenschappen, Brussels,
both in size and in the number of leaves
Belgium
comprisingeachlung,butinotherspidersthe
MACN Museo Argentino de Ciencias
posterior edge of the booklung covers marks
Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argen-
the position of the anterior spiracles. The
tina
position of the structures in oonopids sug-
MCZ Museumof ComparativeZoolo-
gests that they might be involved in propri-
gy, Harvard University
oception of the position of the abdomen
MHNG Muse´um d’Histoire Naturelle,
relative to the basal segments of the fourth
Geneva, Switzerland
pair of legs.
MIUP Museo de Invertebrados, Uni-
Oursurveyof this genus is basedon study
versidad de Panama´
of over 600 specimens from the collections
MNHN Muse´um National d’Histoire
listed below. Our methods follow those of
Naturelle, Paris, France
Platnick and Dupe´rre´ (2009a, 2009b); the
species are treated geographically, by coun- MPEG Museu Paraense Em´ılio Goeldi,
try, proceeding from North and Central Bele´m, Brazil
American to western South America, fol- MUSM MuseodeHistoriaNatural,Uni-
lowedbyeasternSouthAmericaandthenthe versidadNacionalMayordeSan
WestIndies.Toaidwithidentifications, four Marcos, Lima, Peru
separate keys are provided to species known UAM University of Alaska Museum,
from different parts of the total range of the Fairbanks
genus. Only differences from the males are USNM National Museum of Natural
mentioned in the descriptions of females. All History, Smithsonian Institution
measurementsareinmm.Allthenewspecific ZMUC Zoological Museum, University
names are nouns, used in apposition, taken of Copenhagen, Denmark
from some part of the type locality. Full ZMUT Zoological Museum, University
color and high-resolution versions of the of Turku, Finland
2010 PLATNICKANDDUPE´RRE´: GOBLIN SPIDERGENUSSCAPHIELLA 7
SCAPHIELLA SIMON usuallyprocurvedfromabovebutsometimes
straight; ALE separated by their diameter or
Scaphiella Simon, 1891: 561 (type species by
less, usually by less than their radius, ALE-
monotypyScaphiella cymbalariaSimon).
PLE separated by less than ALE radius,
DIAGNOSIS:Membersofthisgenusclosely PME usually touching throughout most of
resemble those of Escaphiella but can be their length (but can be separated by more
distinguished by the shape of the chelicerae, than their diameter in species with reduced
which arelongand narrow rather than short eyes),PLE-PMEseparatedbylessthanPME
and wide, and by the absence of an embolar radius, sometimes touching. Sternum longer
base in males (figs. 8–10). Almost all speci- than wide, coloration uniform, fused to
mens can also quickly be recognized by the carapace, median concavity absent, without
presence of black macrosetae on the chelic- hair tufts, with radial furrows between coxae
erae (figs. 332, 335) and near the base of the I-II, II-III, III-IV, furrows smooth, radial
prolateral side of the palpal tarsus in both furrow opposite coxae III absent, sickle-
sexes (figs. 497, 501, 533, 545, 546), and by shaped structures absent; anterior margin
the presence of an expanded palpal tarsus in with narrow transverse groove, often inter-
females (figs. 545, 547), but the macrosetae rupted at middle (figs. 19, 491, 492), posteri-
arenotpresentinthefemalehereassignedto or margin notextendingposteriorly of coxae
Scaphiella cayo, new species, and the palpal IV, anterior corners unmodified, lateral
tarsus ofthatfemaleis slightlylessexpanded margin without deep infracoxal grooves
than in other species. (fig. 19), distance between coxae approxi-
DESCRIPTION: Total length of males 0.9– matelyequal,extensionsofprecoxaltriangles
1.8, of females 1.0–2.2; cephalothorax, legs, absent, lateral margins unmodified, without
and abdominal scuta yellow to orange- posterior hump; setae abundant, dark, nee-
brown, usually pale orange. CEPHALO- dlelike, evenly scattered, originating from
THORAX: Carapace without any pattern, surface. Chelicerae straight, anterior face
ovoid in dorsal view, pars cephalica slightly unmodified (exceptions noted in species
tostronglyelevatedinlateralview,anteriorly descriptions; see males of S. cymbalaria and
narrowed to between 0.5 and 0.75 times its S. simla); without teeth on promargin or
maximumwidth,withroundedposterolateral retromargin; without toothlike projections,
corners; posterolateral edge without pits, directed medially; shape normal, without
posteriormarginnotbulgingbelowposterior prominent basal process, tip unmodified;
rim, anterolateral corners without extension setae dark, needlelike, evenly scattered; pa-
orprojections,posterolateralsurfacewithout turon inner margin with scattered setae,
spikes, surface of elevated portion of pars distal region unmodified, posterior surface
cephalica smooth; thorax without depres- unmodified, promargin unmodified; inner
sions,foveaabsent,withoutradiatingrowsof margin with pair of large, elaborate, black
pits; lateral margin straight, rebordered, macrosetae (except in female of S. cayo);
usually with blunt denticles; plumose setae laminate groove absent; males of at least S.
near posterior margin of pars thoracica altamira and S. williamsi with long, flat,
absent; nonmarginal pars cephalica setae unbarbed seta near fang base (figs. 331, 333,
dark, needlelike, scattered; nonmarginal pars 489, 490). Labium triangular, fused to ster-
thoracica setae usually present, dark, needle- num, anterior margin indented at middle,
like; marginal setae absent. Clypeus margin same as sternum in sclerotization, subdistal
unmodified, vertical in lateral view, straight portion with unmodified setae. Endites dis-
or curved downwards in ventral view, high, tally excavated (fig. 492), sometimes with
ALE separated from edge of carapace by anterior modifications in males; serrula
their radius or more, median projection apparently absent in both sexes, posterome-
absent,setaedark,needlelike.Chilumabsent. dian part unmodified, same as sternum in
Eyes six, usually well developed (exceptions sclerotization. Female palp without claw or
noted in species descriptions), ALE usually spines; prolateral surface of femur with
largest, circular, PME usually squared, PLE stridulatory ridges (fig. 545); patella without
oval;posterioreyerowprocurvedfromfront, prolateral row of ridges, tarsus basally
8 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OFNATURALHISTORY NO.332
expanded, with patch of elaborate, black cializedhairsonventralapexabsent,tibiaIV
macrosetae prolaterally at base (except in S. ventral scopula absent, metatarsi I, II me-
cayo), with distal patch of setae. ABDO- soapicalcombabsent,metatarsiIII,IVweak
MEN: ovoid to cylindrical, without long ventral scopula absent. Leg spines absent.
posterior extension, rounded posteriorly, Claws (scanned in detail only in S. williamsi)
interscutal membrane with setae, without usually with teeth restricted to median
rows of small sclerotized platelets; females surfaces but those of leg I at least sometimes
with dorsum soft portions white, without withteethonoutersurfacesalso.Tibiaeeach
color pattern. Supposed book lung covers with three trichobothria, metatarsi each with
large, round to ovoid, without setae, antero- one, trichobothrial bases rounded, aperture
lateral edge unmodified. Posterior spiracles internal texture not gratelike, hood smooth
not connected by groove. Pedicel tube short (figs. 509,558).TarsalorganoflegsI,IIwith
to medium in length, ribbed, scuto-pedicel three sensilla (figs. 510, 511), of legs III, IV,
region unmodified, scutum not extending far and palp with two sensilla (fig. 512, 513,
dorsal of pedicel, plumose hairs absent, 560). GENITALIA: Male epigastric region
matted setae on anterior ventral abdomen with sperm pore large, circular, situated at
in pedicel area absent, cuticular outgrowths levelofanteriorspiracles,rebordered;furrow
near pedicel absent. Dorsal scutum absent in without V-shaped insertions, without setae.
females, that of males covering at least three Male palp of normal size, not strongly
quarters (usually all) of abdominal length, sclerotized, right and left palps symmetrical,
more than half (usually all) of abdomen proximal segments yellow; embolus dark,
width,usuallywithnosofttissuevisiblefrom prolateral excavation absent; trochanter of
above, not fused to epigastric scutum, normal size, unmodified; femur two or more
strongly sclerotized, without color pattern times as long as trochanter, without pos-
(but dark markings sometimes visible under teriorly rounded lateral dilation, attaching
scuta, as noted in species descriptions), to patella basally; patella shorter than
anterior half without projecting denticles. femur, not enlarged, without prolateral
Epigastric scutum strongly sclerotized, sur- row of ridges, setae unmodified; tibia with
rounding pedicel, not protruding, small three dorsal trichobothria; cymbium yellow,
lateral sclerites absent, without anterolateral ovoid in dorsal view, completely fused with
joints in females. Postepigastric scutum bulb, no seam visible, extending beyond
strongly sclerotized, long, semicircular, cov- distal tip of bulb, plumose setae absent,
ering at least L of abdomen length, usually without stout setae, with patch of elaborate,
coveringnearlyfulllengthofabdomen,fused black macrosetae prolaterally at base, with
to epigastric scutum, anterior margin un- distal patch of setae; bulb yellow, with
modified, males sometimes with short, pos- prolateral stridulatory file (fig. 497), 1 to 1.5
teriorly directed apodemes visible. Spinneret times as long as cymbium, stout, tapering
scutum present, incomplete ring, with fringe apically.
of needlelike setae; supraanal scutum absent. MISPLACED SPECIES: As detailed by Plat-
Dorsum setae dark, needlelike; epigastric nick and Dupe´rre´ (2009b), both Scaphiella
area setae uniform, dark, needlelike; post- ula Suman (1965) from Hawaii and Sca-
epigastric area setae dark, needlelike; dense phiella maculata Birabe´n (1955) from Argen-
patch of setae anterior to spinnerets absent. tina are misplaced in this genus and belong
Interscutal membrane with setae. Colulus elsewhere.
representedonlybysetae.Spinneretsscanned DISTRIBUTION: Southern Florida and
only in male S. altamira, both sexes of S. southern Mexico south to Peru and Brazil.
hone,andfemaleS.williamsi;ALSwiththree
spigots, PMS with single spigot, PLS with
Key to Species
twospigots (see figs. 346–349, 379–382, 399–
402, 555, 556). LEGS:without colorpattern; United States to Nicaragua
femur IV not thickened, same size as femora
I-III, patella plus tibia I usually shorter than 1. Sternum finely reticulate . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
carapace, tibia I unmodified, tibia IV spe- – Sternum smooth orpitted . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2010 PLATNICKANDDUPE´RRE´: GOBLIN SPIDERGENUSSCAPHIELLA 9
2. Dorsal scutum smooth; lateral sides of 15. Surface of sternum and scutum pitted; male
postepigastric and epigastric scuta smooth palp with thin embolus (fig.180); females
(but anterior margins of epigastric scutum unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S.ceiba
finely reticulate in females); male palp with – Surfaceofsternumandscutumsmooth;male
twisted embolus(fig.57).. . . . . . . S.tuxtla palp with broad embolus (fig.9); epigynal
– Dorsal scutum finely reticulate; lateral sides atrium oval with horseshoe-shaped anterior
of postepigastric and epigastric scuta finely sclerite(fig.18). . . . . . . . . . . . . S.longkey
reticulate; embolus of male palp not twisted
(fig.103).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S.cocona Scaphiella longkey, new species
3. Sides of carapace smooth, without obvious Figures 1–29; map 1
granulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
– Sides of carapace with obvious granula- TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype
tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 takenbydeepsoilwashinginahammockforest
4. Males. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 on sand in Long Key State Recreation Area,
– Females . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Monroe Co., Florida (Dec. 12, 1986; S., J.
5. Anteromedian part of male endites with
Peck),depositedinAMNH(PBI_OON29867).
large,thickened tip (figs.76,82–84) . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S.palenque DIAGNOSIS: Males resemble those of S.
tuxtlaandS.ceibainhavingabasallytwisted
– Anteromedian part of male endites other-
wise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 embolus (figs. 8–10), but the portion of the
6. Anteromedian part of male endites without embolus distal to the twist is more convex
modifications;maleembolussubdistallywid- thaninS.tuxtlaandneitherthepalpalfemur
ened (fig.38). . . . . . . . . . . . . . S.campeche nor bulb are as expanded as they are in S.
– Anteromedianpartofmaleenditeswithsmall ceiba. Females also resemble those of S.
spiniform tip; male embolus not subdistally tuxtla in the shape of the anterior epigynal
widened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
sclerite (fig. 18), but the sclerite is shorter
7. Emboluslongandthin(fig.122)S.palmillas
than in that species.
– Embolusshortandthick(fig.142)... S.cayo
8. Epigynal atrium with large anterior sclerite MALE(PBI_OON29867,figs. 1–10).Total
length 1.26. Carapace with granulations
(fig.152).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S.cayo
– Epigynalatriumwithnarrowanteriorsclerite reachinghalfway up pars thoracica. Sternum
(asinfig. 130). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 smooth.Endites withoutanteromedianmod-
9. Epigynal atrium with pair of rounded poste- ifications. Abdomen unpatterned, scuta
rior sclerotizations(fig.131). . . S.palmillas smooth. Palpal femur slightly expanded;
– Epigynal atrium without pair of rounded embolus basally twisted.
posterior sclerotizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
FEMALE (PBI_OON 29867, figs. 11–29).
10. Epigynal atrium without lateral sclerotiza-
Total length 1.41. Epigynal atrium broadly
tions(fig.216) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S.bopal
oval,anteriorscleritesurroundinghorseshoe-
– Epigynal atrium with lateral sclerotizations
shaped opening, extending about half of
(asinfig. 47) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
11. Epigynal atrium with short, thick lateral epigynal length; apodemes widest at about
sclerotizations(fig.47). . . . . . . S.campeche half their length.
– Epigynal atrium with thin, elongated lateral OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: None.
sclerotizations(fig.92). . . . . . . S.palenque DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the
12. Abdomen elongated, cylindrical, posteriorly Florida Keys (map 1).
narrowed (figs. 182, 192); male palp with
short, untwisted embolus (fig.190); female
Scaphiella campeche, new species
epigynal atrium circular, with long, dark
Figures 30–48; map 2
anteriorsclerite(fig.198). . . . . S.lancetilla
– Abdomenotherwise;genitaliaotherwise... 13 TYPE: Male holotype and female allotype
13. Eyes reduced (fig.206), males unknown . . from Berlese of evergreen tropical forest
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S.muralla
fungi and litter at an elevation of 110 m at
– Eyes normal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
ElTormento,6kmWEsca´rcega,Campeche,
14. Abdomen patterned; male embolus uniform
Mexico(July23,1983;S.,J.Peck),deposited
throughout(fig.169); females unknown . .
in AMNH (PBI_OON 29853).
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S.mico
– Abdomen without pattern; male embolus DIAGNOSIS: Males have a subdistally
twisted (asinfig. 180). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . widened embolus (fig. 38); females have a
10 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OFNATURALHISTORY NO.332
Figs. 1–10. Scaphiella longkey, new species, male. 1. Habitus, dorsal view. 2. Same, ventral view. 3.
Same, lateral view. 4. Same, anterior view. 5. Carapace, dorsal view. 6. Same, lateral view. 7. Left palp,
dorsal view. 8.Same, prolateral view.9.Same,ventral view.10.Same, retrolateral view.