The Global Politics of Science and Technology - Vol. 1: Concepts from International Relations and Other Disciplines

284 Pages·2014·2.441 MB·English

by  Maximilian Mayer, Mariana Carpes, Ruth Knoblich (eds.)

Global Power Shift
Maximilian Mayer
Mariana Carpes
Ruth Knoblich Editors
The Global Politics
of Science and
Technology - Vol. 1
Concepts from International Relations
and Other Disciplines
Global Power Shift
Comparative Analysis and Perspectives
SeriesEditor:
XuewuGu
CenterforGlobalStudies,UniversityofBonn,Germany
ManagingEditor:
EnricoFels
CenterforGlobalStudies,UniversityofBonn,Germany
InternationalAdvisoryBoard:
LuisFernandes,PontificiaUniversidadeCatolicadoRiodeJaneiro,Brazil
G.JohnIkenberry,PrincetonUniversity,USA
CanrongJin,RenminUniversityofBeijing,China
SrikanthKondapalli,JawaharlalNehruUniversity,India
DingliShen,FudanUniversity,China
KazuhikoTogo,KyotoSanyoUniversity,Japan
RobertoZoboli,CatholicUniversityofMilan,Italy
Ample empirical evidence points to recent power shifts in multiple areas of
internationalrelationstakingplacebetweenindustrializedcountriesandemerging
powers,andbetweenstatesandnon-stateactors.Yetthereisadearthoftheoretical
interpretation and synthesis of these findings, and a growing need for coherent
approachestounderstandandmeasurethetransformation. Thisedited seriesaims
to bring together scholars from all major world regions as well as different
disciplines in order to discuss and possibly blend their different approaches and
providenewframeworksfortheunderstandingofglobalaffairsandthegovernance
ofglobalpowershifts.
More information about this series at
http://www.springer.com/series/10201
.
Maximilian Mayer • Mariana Carpes •
Ruth Knoblich
Editors
The Global Politics of
Science and Technology -
Vol. 1
Concepts from International Relations and
Other Disciplines
Editors
MaximilianMayer MarianaCarpes
CenterforGlobalStudies GIGAGermanInstituteofGlobaland
UniversityofBonn AreaStudies
Bonn Hamburg
Germany Germany
RuthKnoblich
InstituteofDevelopmentResearch
andDevelopmentPolicy(IEE)
Ruhr-UniversityBochum
Bochum
Germany
and
InstituteofPoliticalScienceandSociology
UniversityofBonn
Bonn
Germany
ISSN2198-7343 ISSN2198-7351(electronic)
ISBN978-3-642-55006-5 ISBN978-3-642-55007-2(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-55007-2
SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014948207
©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2014
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor
informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerpts
inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeing
enteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplication
ofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthe
Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from
Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.
ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt
fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of
publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor
anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with
respecttothematerialcontainedherein.
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
Acknowledgements
Since we have started working on this project about 2 years ago we have been
receivinganenormousamountofsupportfrominstitutions,colleaguesandfriends.
Since the initial phase, the support and encouragement especially of JP Singh,
Sheila Jasanoff, Johan Eriksson, and Stefan Fritsch were crucial. The discussions
withmanycolleaguesattheISAannualconventions(2011–2013)andelsewhere
wereawarmwelcomeforustopursuethisproject:gatherthediversresearchon
the global politics of science and technology as a subfield of International
Relations. Many more authors than we initially had expected were willing to
contribute with their ideas, insights and comments. Thus, the original plan of
editing a book rapidly turned into the two volumes collection we have now the
pleasure to present. We hope that this handbook will not only be helpful as an
empirical and conceptual overview, a collection of theories, and a toolbox of
research frameworks. It also aims at encouraging students and experts in IR and
otherdisciplinestodeepentheircollaborationsandjointlyfurtherthisimportant
area of study.
We want to thank all contributing authors and interview partners for their
persistent engagement and dedication throughout all steps of this project. As
therewasnoopportunitytoinviteallauthorstoaconference,theconstantexchange
and development of ideas between authors, interviewees, reviewers, and the
editors—mostly via e-mail conversation—became very fruitful for improving the
coherence,comprehensiveness,andstructureofthiscompendium.Inthisjourney,
we are especially grateful to those researchers coming from “outside” IR. Their
patience, willingness to an extended engagement and inspiring perspectives were
responsible for some of the highlights within this project. Merging further the
knowledge of their fields of expertise with the discipline of IR is a worthwhile
task.Specialthanksgo,atthispoint,alsotoPeerSchoutenwhohascontributedone
interviewtothebookandofferedtocooperatewithhiswebsite:TheoryTalks.
Unwaveringsupportofourhomeinstitutionswasinstrumentalforrealizingthe
intellectual and practical parts of this project. We want to thank the Center for
GlobalStudies,UniversityofBonn,andespeciallyitsstudentassistantswhodida
brilliantandprecisejobonformattingandcheckingchaptersaswellastranscribing
v
vi Acknowledgements
interviews. Similarly important was the support of the Institute of Development
Research and Development Policy, Ruhr-University Bochum, the Institute of
Political Science and Sociology, University of Bonn, and GIGA German Institute
of Global and Area Studies Hamburg. We are especially thankful to Douglas
Howland, Peer Schouten, Anna Agathangelou, and Christian Bueger for their
critical engagement with our two introductory texts. We furthermore want to
thankBarbaraFess,MarionKreisel,G.RamyaPrakashandtheteamofthesection
EconomicsandPoliticalScienceatSpringerpublishingfortheirguidanceandkind
assistancethroughouttheentireproject.Finally,weareverygratefultoourfamilies
andclosefriendsforalltheirsupportandunderstanding.
Contents
TheGlobalPoliticsofScienceandTechnology:AnIntroduction. . . . . . 1
MaximilianMayer,MarianaCarpes,andRuthKnoblich
PartI ApproachesandDebatesAboutSciencesandTechnologies
WithinIR
FromExpertCommunitiestoEpistemicArrangements:Situating
ExpertiseinInternationalRelations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
ChristianBueger
NuclearScienceandTechnology:TheRaceBetweenWeaponsand
Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
JosephF.Pilat
InternationalCompetitionandNanotechnologyPolicies:Discourse,
Hegemony,andInternationalPoliticalEconomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
JoschaWullweber
RiseofaCyberedWestphalianAge:TheComingDecades. . . . . . . . . . 91
ChrisC.DemchakandPeterJ.Dombrowski
ConceptualizingtheAmbivalentRoleofTechnologyinInternational
Relations:BetweenSystemicChangeandContinuity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
StefanFritsch
PartII InterventionsfromSTS,History,InnovationStudies
andGeography
PetroleumSupply,MarineTransportationTechnology,andthe
EmergingInternationalOrderofthePostWorldWarOnePeriod. . . . 141
PeterJ.Hugill
vii
viii Contents
TheGlobalizationofIntellectualPropertyRights:MuchAdoAbout
Nothing?. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . 161
DanieleArchibugiandAndreaFilippetti
TelegraphTechnologyandAdministrativeInternationalisminthe
NineteenthCentury. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
DouglasHowland
BiotechnologyandEmpire:TheGlobalPowerofSeedsandScience. . . 201
SheilaJasanoff
TechnologicalCollaborationandNuclearProliferation:
ATransnationalApproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
JohnKrige
PartIII Interlude:ExploringaMulti-DisciplinaryField
SpecialistKnowledge,CarbonDemocracy,andLocalTechnicalities
asBasisforthe‘International’:AnInterviewwithTimothyMitchell. . . 245
PeerSchouten
TheTripleHelix,theComplexityofTechnologicalInnovations,
andtheDecompositionofNationalInnovationSystems:AnInterview
withLoetLeydesdorff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
RuthKnoblich
GaiaTheory,Ecovillages,andIRTakingMaterialLimitsSeriously:
AnInterviewwithKarenLitfin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
MaximilianMayer
TheRoleofScienceandTechnologyintheDynamicsofGlobalChange
andtheSignificanceofInternationalKnowledgeCooperationinthe
Post-WesternWorld:AnInterviewwithDirkMessner. . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
RuthKnoblich
NuclearOntologies,TechnopoliticsinPostcolonialSpaces,andthe
ColdWarasTransnationalHistory:AninterviewwithGabrielle
Hecht. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
MaximilianMayer
Volume I: Concepts from International Relations
and Other Disciplines
DanieleArchibugiisaResearchDirectorattheItalianNationalResearchCouncil
in Rome, and Professor of Innovation, Governance and Public Policy at the
University of London, Birkbeck College. He works on innovation and on the
politicaltheoryofinternationalrelations.HehasworkedandtaughtattheUniver-
sitiesofSussex,Naples,Madrid,Cambridge,Rome,LondonSchoolofEconomics
and Political Science, Harvard, Ritsumeikan Kyoto and Swufe Chengdu. In June
2006hewasappointedHonoraryProfessorattheUniversityofSussex.
Christian Bueger is Lecturer in International Relations at Cardiff University. He
holds a Ph.D. in Social and Political Sciences from the European University
Institute. His core fields of research are international organizations, maritime
security, contemporary piracy, international practice theory and sociology of sci-
enceandexpertise.Furtherinformationisavailableathttp://bueger.info.
Mariana Carpes is a research fellow and Ph.D. candidate at the GIGA German
InstituteofGlobalandAreaStudieswheresheisworkingonahistoricalcompar-
ativeanalysisofthenuclearstrategiesofBrazil,India,andSouthAfrica.Hermain
areas of interest are history and theory of IR, nuclear politics, and foreign policy
analysis.RecentlyMarianahasalsostartedtoworkonstrategicpartnershipbetween
EUandBrazil.In2012and2013sheheldpresentationsonthistopicattheEuropean
ExternalActionService(EEAS).Sheholdsabachelor’sdegreeinHistoryfromthe
Universidade Federal Fluminense (Brazil), and a master’s degree in International
RelationsfromthePontificiaUniversidadeCatolicadoRiodeJaneiro.
Chris C. Demchak, a professor of cybered conflict and complex socio-technical
systemsintheStrategicResearchDepartmentoftheUSNavalWarCollegeanda
formerArmyReserveofficer.ShereceivedherPh.D.inpoliticalsciencefromUC
Berkeley and holds an MPA in economic development from Princeton and an
M.A.inenergyengineeringfromBerkeley.Shehaspublishedarticlesoncompar-
ativesecurity,cyberspace,organizations,andlarge-scalesystemssurpriseandthree
books: Military Organizations, Complex Machines; Designing Resilience; and
ix