The Global North-South Atlas: Mapping Global Change

181 Pages·2019·44.679 MB·English

by  Marcin Wojciech Solarz

–
THE GLOBAL NORTH SOUTH ATLAS
This innovative atlas deconstructs the contemporary image of the North–South divide
between developed and underdeveloped countries which was established by the 1980
Brandt Line, and advocates the need for the international community to redraw the global
map to be fit for the 21st century.
Throughout the book a range of colorful maps and charts graphically demonstrate the
ways in which the world has changed over the last 2,000 years. The atlas first analyzes the
genesis and characteristics of the Brandt Line’s North–South divide, before going on to
discussitsvaliditythroughthecenturies,especiallybeforeandafter1980,anddemonstrating
the many definitions and philosophies of development that exist or may exist, which make
it difficult to define a single notion of a Global North and South. The book concludes by
proposing new schemes of categorization between developed and developing countries
which might better fit our contemporary global society.
This book will serve as a perfect textbook for students studying global divisions within
geography, politics, economics, international relations, and development departments, as
well as being a useful guide for researchers, and for those working in NGOs and
government institutions.
MarcinWojciechSolarzisProfessorintheFacultyofGeographyandRegionalStudiesat
the University of Warsaw, Poland.

THE GLOBAL
–
NORTH SOUTH
ATLAS
Mapping Global Change
Marcin Wojciech Solarz
Firstpublished2020
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
andbyRoutledge
52VanderbiltAvenue,NewYork,NY10017
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
©2020MarcinWojciechSolarz
TherightofMarcinWojciechSolarztobeidentifiedasauthorofthisworkhasbeen
assertedbyhiminaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright,Designsand
PatentsAct1988.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilisedin
anyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafter
invented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageor
retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers.
Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregistered
trademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintentto
infringe.
BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Solarz,MarcinWojciech,1974-author,cartographer.
Title:Theglobalnorth-southatlas:mappingglobalchange/Marcin
WojciechSolarz.
Description:NewYork:Routledge,2020.|“©2020MarcinWojciechSolarz.”|
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.|
Identifiers:LCCN2019025296(print)|LCCN2019025297(ebook)|
ISBN9781138588837(hardback)|ISBN9781138588844(paperback)|
ISBN9780429492037(ebook)
Subjects:LCSH:Globalization–Maps.|Boundaries–Maps.|International
relations–Maps.|Economicdevelopment–Maps.|Developingcountries–Maps.|
Developedcountries–Maps.|LCGFT:Worldatlases.
Classification:LCCG1046.G1S62020(print)|LCCG1046.G1(ebook)|
DDC911–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2019025296
LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2019025297
ISBN:978-1-138-58883-7(hbk)
ISBN:978-1-138-58884-4(pbk)
ISBN:978-0-429-49203-7(ebk)
TypesetinBembo
bySwales&Willis,Exeter,Devon,UK
CONTENTS
Listoffigures vi
Editorialpage xi
Acknowledgments xii
Introduction:TheBrandtLine:politicalordevelopmentalboundary 1
1 Mappingglobalchange:differencesindevelopmentandwealthfromthe1st
tothe21stcentury 30
2 Differentphilosophiesofdevelopment:differentdevelopmentboundary
lines 96
3 Towardsanewgloballine? 110
4 Conclusions 158
Bibliography 161
Index 164
FIGURES
0.1 RecentdepictionsoftheNorth–Southdividebyselectedauthors 2
0.2 The1980BrandtLineandthenorthernandsouthernhemispheres 3
0.3 Thecommunistworld,the1946IronCurtain,andthe1980BrandtLine 4
0.4 MisleadinggeographyoftheEast–Westrivalry 5
0.5 The1980BrandtLineinthelightofGNIpercapita(constant2010USD)in
1980–trueorfalse? 11
0.6 The1980BrandtLineinthelightofHDIin1980–trueorfalse? 12
0.7 The1980BrandtLineinthelightofHDIin2017–trueorfalse? 13
0.8 The1980BrandtLineandselectedgroupsofcountriesin2019 14
0.9 The1980BrandtLineandthedivisionoftheworldintocoloniesand
non-colonies 16
0.10 SelectedColdWarwaysofdelimitingdevelopment–underdevelopmentlines 18
0.11 Globalizationanddevelopment–underdevelopmentlines.Timetakento
crosstheAtlanticfrom1492to1996 20
0.12 Globalizationanddevelopment–underdevelopmentlinesII.Timetakento
travelbetweenParisandMarseillefrom1853to2001 20
0.13 Worldpopulationgrowthanddevelopment–underdevelopmentlinesfrom
1800to2019 21
0.14 Northvs.Southpopulationgrowthanddevelopment–underdevelopment
linesfrom1913to2015 22
0.15 WorldGDPandGDPpercapitaanddevelopment–underdevelopmentlines
from1960to2017 23
0.16 North–SouthGDPanddevelopment–underdevelopmentlinesfrom1960to
2017 24
0.17 North–SouthGDPpercapitaanddevelopment–underdevelopmentlines
from1960to2017 25
0.18 GrowthinthenumberofUnitedNations(UN)memberstatesand
independentstates,anddevelopment–underdevelopmentlines 26
0.19 The1980BrandtLineandchangestotheworldpoliticalmapin1945–2018 27
Figures vii
1.1 AcommonlegendforallseriesofmapsshowingGDPandGDPpercapita
(1AD–2008) 31
1.2 WorldGDPandGDPpercapita(1AD–2008)in1990internationaldollars 32
1.3 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:theregionsdescribedby
thedataonthemapsfor1AD–2008 34
1.4 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1AD 34
1.5 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1000 35
1.6 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1500 35
1.7 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1600 36
1.8 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1700 36
1.9 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1820 37
1.10 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1870 37
1.11 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1913 38
1.12 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1937 38
1.13 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1950 39
1.14 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1960 39
1.15 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1973 40
1.16 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1980 40
1.17 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1990 41
1.18 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in2000 41
1.19 Thefirstseriesofmapsfor13countriesandregions:GDPandGDPpercapita
in2008 42
1.20 Thesecondseriesofmapsfor22countriesandregions:theregionsdescribed
bythedataonthemapsfor1500–2008 42
1.21 Thesecondseriesofmapsfor22countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1500 43
1.22 Thesecondseriesofmapsfor22countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1600 43
1.23 Thesecondseriesofmapsfor22countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1700 44
1.24 Thesecondseriesofmapsfor22countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1820 44
viii Figures
1.25 Thesecondseriesofmapsfor22countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1870 45
1.26 Thesecondseriesofmapsfor22countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1913 45
1.27 Thesecondseriesofmapsfor22countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1937 46
1.28 Thesecondseriesofmapsfor22countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1950 46
1.29 Thesecondseriesofmapsfor22countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1960 47
1.30 Thesecondseriesofmapsfor22countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1973 47
1.31 Thesecondseriesofmapsfor22countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1980 48
1.32 Thesecondseriesofmapsfor22countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1990 48
1.33 Thesecondseriesofmapsfor22countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain2000 50
1.34 Thesecondseriesofmapsfor22countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain2008 50
1.35 Thethirdseriesofmapsfor69countriesandregions:theregionsdescribedby
thedataonthemapsfor1870–2008 51
1.36 Thethirdseriesofmapsfor69countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1870 52
1.37 Thethirdseriesofmapsfor69countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1913 53
1.38 Thethirdseriesofmapsfor69countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1937 54
1.39 Thethirdseriesofmapsfor69countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1950 55
1.40 Thethirdseriesofmapsfor69countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1960 56
1.41 Thethirdseriesofmapsfor69countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1973 57
1.42 Thethirdseriesofmapsfor69countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1980 58
1.43 Thethirdseriesofmapsfor69countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain1990 59
1.44 Thethirdseriesofmapsfor69countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain2000 60
1.45 Thethirdseriesofmapsfor69countriesandregions:GDPandGDPper
capitain2008 61
1.46 Thefourthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:countriesandgroupsof
countriesdescribedbythedataonthemapsfor1950–2008 62
1.47 Thefourthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:GDPandGDPper
capitain1950 64
Figures ix
1.48 Thefourthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1960 66
1.49 Thefourthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1973 68
1.50 Thefourthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1980 70
1.51 Thefourthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:GDPandGDPpercapita
in1990 72
1.52 Thefourthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:GDPandGDPpercapita
in2000 74
1.53 Thefourthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:GDPandGDPpercapita
in2008 76
1.54 Thefourthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:alegendforthe2017GDPand
GDPpercapitamap 78
1.55 Thefourthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:GDPandGDPpercapitain
2017 80
1.56 Humandevelopment(1980–2008)andworldpopulation(1AD–2008) 82
1.57 Thefifthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:acommonlegendforthe
1980–2008humandevelopmentmaps 83
1.58 Thefifthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:HDIin1980 84
1.59 Thefifthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:HDIin1990 86
1.60 Thefifthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:HDIin2000 88
1.61 Thefifthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:HDIin2008 90
1.62 Thefifthseriesofmapsforthewholeworld:alegendforthe2017human
developmentmap 92
1.63 Thefifthseriesofmapsforallcountriesoftheworld:HDIin2017 94
2.1 IfPlatohaddrawntheNorth–Southdividein2019 99
2.2 IfAristotlehaddrawntheNorth–Southdividein2019 100
2.3 IfHugoGrotiushaddrawntheNorth–Southdividein2019 101
2.4 IfThomasHobbeshaddrawntheNorth–Southdividein2019 102
2.5 IfBaruchSpinozahaddrawntheNorth–Southdividein2019 103
2.6 IfJohnLockehaddrawntheNorth–Southdividein2019 104
2.7 IfJean-JacquesRousseauhaddrawntheNorth–Southdividein2019 105
2.8 IfJohnRawlshaddrawntheNorth–Southdividein2019 106
2.9 IfRobertNozickhaddrawntheNorth–Southdividein2019 107
2.10 IfUNDPweretodrawtheNorth–Southdividein2019 108
2.11 IfJaredDiamondweretodrawtheNorth–Southdividein2019 109
3.1 WealthsecurityI:innovativeness 112
3.2 WealthsecurityII:education 114
3.3 WealthsecurityIII:population 116
3.4 Effectivenessofthestate 118
3.5 IntergenerationalsecurityI:concernfortheyoungergeneration 122
3.6 IntergenerationalsecurityII:concernfortheelderly 124
3.7 Confidenceinthestate 126
3.8 Technologicaladvancementandpoliticalfreedom 128
3.9 Internalsecurity 132
3.10 Equality 134