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for the educational use of students of the Faculty of Law,
University of Toronto, and of students at other universities to
whom these materials may be distributed.
Some materials in this volume are retained from the 1990 materials
for this course which were compiled with the research assistance of
Julia McNally.
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UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT (LAW 259S)
Volume l
Professor Craig Scott
Winter/Spring 1991
Faculty of Law,
University of Toronto
This volume is not to be considered as pusblished. It is solely
for the educational use of students of the Faculty of Law,
University of Toronto, and of students at other universities to
whom these materials may be distributed.
Some materials in this volume are retained from the 1990 materials
for this course which were compiled with the research assistance of
Julia McNally.
1
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2018 with funding from
University of Toronto
https://archive.org/details/globalenvironmen01scot
THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
Table of Contents: Volume 1 (Seminars 1-5)
1. REVIEW MATERIALS ON STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND
INTERNATIONAL LIABILITY FOR THE ENVIRONMENT (no class)
Veit Koester, "From Stockholm to Brundtland",
(1990) 20 EPL 14 1
Brian Smith, ch. 5 , "Harm Within Another State's Territory"
and ch.8, "Standard of Performance", State
Responsibility and the Marine Environment
(Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1989) 7
Alexandre Kiss, "The International Protection of the
Environment" in R. St. John Macdonald and D. Johnston, eds.,
The Structure and Process of International Law
(Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1983) 20
Experts Group of the World Commission on Environmental
and Development, "Legal Principles for Environmental
Protection and Sustainable Development", Environmental
Protection and Sustainable Development: Legal Principles
and Recommendations (Norwell, MA: Graham and Trotman,
1987) [Commentary on Principles 10, 11, 12, 16 and 17
included] 24
Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the
Human Environment, 1972 [the Stockholm Declaration]
in Experts Group of the WCED, supra. @ 147 41
United Nations General Assembly Resolution on the World
Charter for Nature, 1982, in Experts
Group of the WCED, supra. @ 155 46
2. PERSPECTIVES I: PHILOSOPHIES OF THE ENVIRONMENT
AND 'SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT'
Ecological Philosophies
Michael Colby, Environmental Management in Development:
The Evolution of Paradigms. World Bank Discussion Paper # 80
(The World Bank: Washington, e.C., 1990) 49
Jacgueline Pearce, "Approaches in Environmentalism and
Feminism" (1989) 1(1) Undercurrents 3 89
Vandana Shiva, "The women of Chipko" in Shiva, Staving
Alive: Women. Ecology and Development 95
Ramachandra Guha, "Radical American Environmentalism
Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique",
(1989) 11 Environmental Ethics 71 99
Aboriginal Perspectives
Calvin Martin, "The European Impact on the Culture of
a Northeastern Algonquin Tribe: An Ecological
Interpretation" in Robin Fisher and Kenneth Coates, ed.,
Out of the Background: Readings on Canadian Native History
(Toronto: Copp Clark, 1988) 66 106
Kirkpatrick Sale, The Conguest of Paradise: Christopher
Columbus and the Columbian Legacy (New York: Alfred
Knopf, 1990) @ 360 ff. 117
Annie Booth and Harvey Jacobs, "Ties That Bind: Native
American Beliefs as a Foundation for Environmental
Consciousness" (1990) 12 Environmental Ethics 25 121
Planetary Thinking
Anthony D'Amato, "Do We Owe a Duty to Future Generations
to Preserve the Global Environment?" (1990) 84 AJIL 190 131
Edith Brown Weiss, "Our Rights and Obligations
to Future Generations for the Environment" (1990)
84 AJIL 198 135
Lothar Gundling, "Our Responsibility to Future Generations"
(1990) 84 AJIL 207 139
Experts Group of the WCED, supra. Commentary on Article 2 143
Digby MacLaren, "The Health of the Planet"
(1988) 9/10 Policy Options 3 145
Sustainable Development
William Clark, "Managing Planet Earth" (Sept. 1989)
261(3) Scientific American 46 148
James MacNeill, "Strategies for Sustainable Development"
(Sept. 1989) 261(3) Scientific American 154 156
Ruckelhaus, "Towards a Sustainable World" (Sept. 1989)
261(3) Scientific American 166 165
John Robinson, George Francis, Russell Legge and Sally
Lerner, "Defining a Sustainable Society: Values, Principles
and Definitions" (1990) 17(2) Alternatives 36 172
R. B. Norgaard, "Sustainable Development: A Co-evolutionary
View" (1988) 20 Futures Research Quarterly 606 182
Monte, " A Critique of the WCED: Misplaced Priority for
Preventing Environmental Degradation or Poverty?' in
Schneider, ed., Deforestation and Development in Canada
and the Tropics: The Impact on People and the Environment
(Sydney, N.S.; Centre for International Studies, 1989) 228 190
Michael Clow, "Sustainable Development Won't Be Enough"
(November 1990) Policy Options 6 191
Julia Gardner and Mark Roseland, "Thinking Globally and
Acting Locally" (1989) 16(3) Alternatives 26, in two parts:
Part I: "Thinking Globally: The Role of Social Equity
in Sustainable Development" 194
3. PERSPECTIVES II; THE 'TRAGEDY' OF THE COMMONS, LOCAL
AND GLOBAL: THE ANTARCTICA EXPERIENCE
Sustainable Development continued: Acting Locally
Julia Gardner and Mark Roseland, "Thinking Globally and
Acting Locally" (1989) 16(3) Alternatives 26, in two parts:
Part II: "Acting Locally: Community Strategies for
Equitable Sustainable Development" 198
Wendell Berry, "The Futility of Global Thinking",
(Sept. 1989) Harper's Magazine 210
Redclift, "Defining an alternative: indigenous
environmental management" in Sustainable Development:
Exploring the Contradictions (London: Methuen, 1987)
150-159 212
The Tragedy of Local Commons
Fikret Berkes and David Feeny, "Paradigms Lost: Changing
Views on the Use of Common Property Resources"
(1990) 17(2) Alternatives 48 217
Daniel Bromley and Michael Cernea, The Management of
Common Property Natural Resources: Some Conceptual
and Operational Fallacies. World Bank Discussion
Paper # 57 (The World Bank: Washington, D.C., 1989)
[first half, pp.1-25]. [Note that
the second half, pp. 27-68 (incl. footnotes), will appear
in the class on the role of the World Bank and other
lending agencies.] 224
The Tragedy of Global Commons
Per Magnus Wijkman, "Managing the Global Commons"
(1982) International Organization 511 250
A Case Study of a Global Commons: Antarctica
Stephen Krasner, "Antarctica" in Structural Conflict: The
Third World Against Global Liberalism (Berkeley: University
of California Press, 1985) 250-264 264
Joyner, "Review Article: The Evolving Antarctic Legal
Regime" (1989) 83 AJIL 605 272
Joyner, "The Antarctic Minerals Negotiating Process"
(1987) 81 AJIL 888 280
Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral
Resource Activities, (1988) 27 ILM 859 (excerpts) 284
Cook Waller, "Death of a Treaty: The Decline and Fall of
the Antarctic Minerals Convention" (1989) 22 Vanderbilt
Journal of Transnational Law 631 293
Lee Kimball, Southern Exposure: Deciding Antarctica's
Future (Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute, 1990) 299
4. PERSPECTIVES III: CONDITIONS OF SUCCESS FOR
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION - THE CREATION
AND MAINTENANCE OF REGIMES
Oran Young, "The politics of international regime
formation: managing natural resources and the
environment" (1989) 43 International Organization 349 328
Peter Haas, "Do regimes matter? Epistemic Communities
and Mediterranean Pollution control" (1989) 43
International Organization 377 342
G. Majone, "International institutions and the environment"
in W.C. Clark and R.E. Munn, eds., Sustainable Development
of the Biosphere (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press
for the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis,
1986) 351-360 355
R.W. Hahn and K.R. Richards, "The Internationalization
of Environmental Regulation" (1989) 30 HILJ 421 364
P Ponor'o Pme> r*rr i nrr fronHc in infornafinnal
373
Douglas Johnston, "Marine pollution agreements: successes
and problems" in Carroll, supra 381
5. PERSPECTIVES IV: CONDITIONS OF SUCCESS FOR
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION - THE UNITED
NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
(UNCED). BRAZIL 1992
The Project Undertaken
James Speth, "Toward a North-South Compact for the
Environment", (June 1990) Environment 16 385
David Runnalls, "The Grand Bargain", (Autumn 1989)
4(3) Peace and Security 6 393
Frameworks for What Can Be Achieved In UNCED 1992
Peter Sand, Lessons Learned in Global Environmental
Governance (Washington, D.C.: World Resources
Institute, 1990) 395
Experts Group of the World Commission on Environmental
and Development, "Proposals for Strengthening the
Legal and Institutional Framework", Environmental
Protection and Sustainable Development: Legal Principles
and Recommendations (Norwell, MA: Graham and Trotman, 1987) 430
Thomas N. Gladwin, Judith Ugelow and Ingo Walter,
"Approaches to international negotiations on the
chlorofluorocarbon problem" in Horst Siebert, ed.,
Global Environmental Resources (Frankfurt: Verlag
Peter Lang, 1982) 31-32, reproduced in UN Centre on
Transnational Corporations, Environmental Aspects of
the Activities of TNCs: A Survey (New York: United
Nations, 1985) 434
Brown et al, "Crossing Perceptual Thresholds" in ch. 1,
"A World At Risk" in Lester Brown et al.. State of the
World 1989: A World Watch Institute Report on Progress
Towards a Sustainable Society
(New York: W.W. Norton, 1989) 436
Richard Falk, "The Capacity of International Law to
Respond to the Environmental Challenge" in Canadian
Council on International Law, Preserving the Global
Environment. Proc. of the 1989 Conference of the CCIL
(Ottawa: CCIL, 1989) 35-51 438
Developments With Respect to UNCED 1992 to Date
"1992 UNCED: Background" (1990) 20/1-2 EPL 4-7 446
UNGA Res. 44/228 convening UNCED Brazil 1992
(22 Dec. 1989), (1990) 20/1-2 EPL 39 450
"UNCED '92: Preparatory Process" (1990) 20/3 EPL 72-3 453
"UNCED '92: Preparatory Commission" (1990) 20/3 EPL 96-98 455
Bergen Conference, "Ministerial Declaration on
Sustainable Development and Joint NGO-State Agenda
for Action", (1990) 20/3 EPL 100 458
"UN/GA: Special Session on Economic Cooperation and
Development11 (1990) 20/3 EPL 74 466
UN General Assembly Declaration on Development
Cooperation (1990) 20/3 EPL 98 468
"UNEP: Preparations for 1992" (1990) 20/4-5 EPL 124 470
"Preparatory Committee for the UN Conference on
Environment and Development" (1990) 20/4-5 EPL 127 473
"UNCED: Decisions of the Preparatory Committee"
(1990) 20/4-5 EPL 161-5 480
