The Geodynamics of the Aegean and Anatolia

313 Pages·2007·15.95 MB·English

by  Tuncay Taymaz

The Geodynamics of the Aegean and Anatolia
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From:TAYMAZ,T.,YILMAZ,Y.&DILEK,Y.(eds)2007.TheGeodynamicsoftheAegeanandAnatolia.
GeologicalSociety,London,SpecialPublications,291.
PIPER,D.J.W.,PE-PIPER,G.,PERISSORATIS,C.&ANASTASAKIS,G.2007.Distributionandchronology
of submarine volcanic rocks around Santorini and their relationship to faulting. In: TAYMAZ, T.,
YILMAZ,Y.&DILEK,Y.(eds)TheGeodynamicsoftheAegeanandAnatolia.GeologicalSociety,London,
SpecialPublications,291,99–111.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO.291
The Geodynamics of the Aegean and Anatolia
EDITED BY
T. TAYMAZ
Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Y. YILMAZ
Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey
and
Y. DILEK
Miami University, Ohio, USA
2007
Published by
The Geological Society
London
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Contents
TAYMAZ,T.,YILMAZ,Y.&DILEK,Y.ThegeodynamicsoftheAegeanandAnatolia: 1
introduction
KATZIR,Y.,GARFUNKEL,Z.,AVIGAD,D.&MATTHEWS,A.Thegeodynamicevolutionofthe 17
AlpineorogenintheCyclades(AegeanSea,Greece):insightsfromdiverseoriginsandmodesof
emplacementofultramaficrocks
MEHL,C.,JOLIVET,L.,LACOMBE,O.,LABROUSSE,L.&RIMMELE,G.Structuralevolutionof 41
Andros(Cyclades,Greece):akeytothebehaviourofa(flat)detachmentwithinanextending
continentalcrust
PE-PIPER,G.&PIPER,D.J.W.LateMioceneigneousrocksofSamos:theroleoftectonismin 75
petrogenesisinthesoutheasternAegean
PIPER,D.J.W.,PE-PIPER,G.,PERISSORATIS,C.&ANASTASAKIS,G.Distributionand 99
chronologyofsubmarinevolcanicrocksaroundSantoriniandtheirrelationshiptofaulting
BONEV,N.&BECCALETTO,L.Fromsyn-topost-orogenicTertiaryextensioninthenorthAegean 113
region:constraintsonthekinematicsintheeasternRhodope–Thrace,Bulgaria–Greeceandthe
BigaPeninsula,NWTurkey
GEORGIEV,I.,DIMITROV,D.,BELIJASHKI,L.,PASHOVA,L.,SHANOV,S.&NIKOLOV,G. 143
GeodeticconstraintsonkinematicsofsouthwesternBulgariafromGPSandlevellingdata
KARAGIANNI,E.E.&PAPAZACHOS,C.B.ShearvelocitystructureintheAegeanregionobtained 159
byjointinversionofRayleighandLovewaves
MEIER,T.,BECKER,D.,ENDRUN,B.,RISCHE,M.,BOHNHOFF,M.,STO¨CKHERT,B.& 183
HARJES,H.-P.AmodelfortheHellenicsubductionzoneintheareaofCretebasedon
seismologicalinvestigations
YOLSAL,S.,TAYMAZ,T.&YALC¸INER,A.C.Understandingtsunamis,potentialsourceregions 201
andtsunami-pronemechanismsintheEasternMediterranean
ERGI˙N,M.,ULUADAM,E.,SARIKAVAK,K.,KESK˙IN,S¸.,GO¨KAS¸AN,E.&TUR,H.LateQuaternary 231
sedimentationandtectonicsinthesubmarineS¸arko¨yCanyon,westernMarmaraSea(Turkey)
TAYMAZ,T.,WRIGHT,T.J.,YOLSAL,S.,TAN,O.,FIELDING,E.&SEYI˙TOGˇLU,G.Source 259
characteristicsofthe6June2000Orta–C¸ankırı(centralTurkey)earthquake:asynthesisof
seismological,geologicalandgeodetic(InSAR)observations,andinternaldeformationofthe
Anatolianplate
GU¨RSOY,H.,MESCI,B.L.,PIPER,J.D.A.,TATAR,O.&DAVIES,C.J.Themagnetismin 291
tectonicallycontrolledtravertineasapalaeoseismologicaltool:examplesfromtheSıcakC¸ermik
geothermalfield,centralTurkey
Index 307
The geodynamics of the Aegean and Anatolia: introduction
T.TAYMAZ1, Y. YILMAZ2 & Y. DILEK3
1Departmentof Geophysical Engineering, ˙Istanbul Technical University, Maslak,
TR–34469, I˙stanbul, Turkey (e-mail: [email protected])
2KadirHasUniversity, Fatih, I˙stanbul, Turkey
3Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, OH45056,USA
The complexity of the plate interactions and and volcanism in Anatolia and the Aegean region
associated crustal deformation in the Eastern (Taymazetal.2004).
Mediterraneanregionisreflectedinmanydestruc-
tive earthquakes that have occurred throughout Regional synthesis
its recorded history, many of which are well
documented and intensively studied. The Eastern Given its location in the Alpine–Himalayan
Mediterranean region, including the surrounding orogenic belt, and at the collisional boundary
areasofwesternTurkeyandGreece,isindeedone between Gondwana and Laurasia, the geological
ofthemostseismicallyactiveandrapidlydeform- historyoftheAegeanregionandAnatoliainvolves
ing regions within the continents (Fig. 1). Thus, the Mesozoic–Cenozoic closure of several Neo-
the region provides a unique opportunity to tethyan oceanic basins, continental collisions and
improve our understanding of the complexities of subsequent post-orogenic processes (e.g. Sengo¨r
continental tectonics in an actively collisional & Yılmaz 1981;Bozkurt & Mittwede 2001;Okay
orogen. The major scientific observations from et al. 2001; Dilek & Pavlides 2006; Robertson &
this natural laboratory have clearly been helping Mountrakis2006).Theopeningofoceanicbranches
us to better understand the tectonic processes in of Neotethys commenced in the Triassic and
active collision zones, the mode and nature of they closed during the Late Cretaceous to Eocene
continentalgrowth,andthecausesanddistribution time interval. The closure of Neotethyan basins
of seismic, volcanic and geomorphological events is recorded by several suture zones (e.g. Vardar,
(e.g. tsunamis) and their impact on societal life Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan, Bitlis–Zagros, Intra-
and civilization. The tectonic evolution of the Pontide, Antalya sutures), along which Jurassic–
Eastern Mediterranean region is dominated by the Cretaceous ophiolites and me´langes are exposed
effects of subduction along the Hellenic (Aegean) (e.g. Sengo¨r & Yılmaz 1981; Robertson & Dixon
arc and of continental collision in eastern Turkey 1984; Dercourt et al. 1986; Stampfli 2000; Okay
(Anatolia)andtheCaucasus.Northwardsubduction et al. 2001; Parlak et al. 2002; Elmas & Yılmaz
of the African plate beneath western Turkey and 2003; Parlak & Robertson 2004; Robertson &
the Aegean region is causing extension of the Ustao¨mer2004;Robertsonetal.2004a,b;Stampfli
continental crust and volcanism in the overlying &Borel2004;Bagcıetal.2005,2006;Dileketal.
Aegean extensional province. Eastern Turkey has 2005;C¸eliketal.2006;Dilek&Thy2006;Parlak
been experiencing crustal shortening and thicken- 2006, and references therein). The polarity of
ingasaresultofnorthwardmotionoftheArabian subduction,thetimingofoceanbasinopeningand
plate relative to Eurasia and the attendant post- closure, and the location of Neotethyan suture
collisional magmatism (Taymaz et al. 1990, zonesremainsomewhatcontroversial.Thedestruc-
1991a,b;McCluskyetal.2000,2003;Dilek&Pav- tion of oceanic basins was also accompanied and
lides 2006, and references therein; Fig. 2). The followed by: (1) Cretaceous to early Palaeocene
resulting combination of forces (the ‘pull’ from arcmagmatism(e.g.Pontidearc:Okay&Sahintu¨rk
the subduction zone to the west and ‘push’ from 1997; Yılmaz et al. 1997); (2) development of
the convergent zone to the east) is causing the accretionary-type forearc basins (e.g. Haymana–
Turkishplatetomovesouthwestward,boundedby Polatlı Basin; Koc¸yigˇit 1991; Tuz Go¨lu¨ Basin,
strike-slip fault zones: the North Anatolian Fault Go¨ru¨retal.1998);(3)latePalaeocenetoMiocene
Zone (NAFZ) to the north and the East Anatolian and younger post-collisional magmatism (Aldan-
Fault Zone (EAFZ) to the south. Interplay mazetal.2000;Keskin2003;Boztug˘ etal.2004,
between dynamic effects of the relative motions 2006; Karslı et al. 2004; Aslan 2005; Innocenti
of adjoining plates thus controls large-scale et al. 2005; Altunkaynak & Dilek 2006); (4) the
crustal deformation and the associated seismicity development of several blueschist belts (e.g. Late
From:TAYMAZ,T.,YILMAZ,Y.&DILEK,Y.(eds)TheGeodynamicsoftheAegeanandAnatolia.
GeologicalSociety,London,SpecialPublications,291,1–16.
DOI:10.1144/SP291.1 0305-8719/07/$15.00#TheGeologicalSocietyofLondon2007.
2 T.TAYMAZETAL.
IN
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Fig.1. (a)SeismicityoftheEasternMediterraneanregionandsurroundingsreportedbyUSGS–NEICduring1973–2007withmagnitudesforM.3superimposedona
shadedreliefmapderivedfromtheGTOPO-30GlobalTopographyDatatakenafterUSGS.BathymetrydataarederivedfromGEBCO/97–BODC,providedbyGEBCO(1997)
andSmith&Sandwell(1997a,b).(b)SummarysketchmapofthefaultingandbathymetryintheEasternMediterraneanregion,compiledfromourobservationsandthose
ofLePichon&Angelier(1981),Taymaz(1990),Taymazetal.(1990,1991a,b);S¸arogˇluetal.(1992),Papazachosetal.(1998),McCluskyetal.(2000)andTan&Taymaz(2006).
LargeblackarrowsshowrelativemotionsofplateswithrespecttoEurasia(McCluskyetal.2003).BathymetrydataarederivedfromGEBCO/97–BODC,providedbyGEBCO
(1997)andSmith&Sandwell(1997a,b).ShadedreliefmapderivedfromtheGTOPO-30GlobalTopographyDatatakenafterUSGS.NAF,NorthAnatolianFault;EAF,East
AnatolianFault;DSF,DeadSeaFault;NEAF,NorthEastAnatolianFault;EPF,EzinepazarıFault;PTF,PaphosTransformFault;CTF,CephaloniaTransformFault;PSF,
Pampak–SevanFault;AS,ApsheronSill;GF,GarniFault;OF,OvacıkFault;MT,Mus¸ThrustZone;TuF,TutakFault;TF,TebrizFault;KBF,Kavakbas¸ıFault;MRF,MainRecent
Fault;KF,KagˇızmanFault;IF,IgˇdırFault;BF,BozovaFault;EF,ElbistanFault;SaF,SalmasFault;SuF,Su¨rgu¨Fault;G,Go¨kova;BMG,Bu¨yu¨kMenderesGraben;Ge,Gediz 3
Graben;Si,SimavGraben;BuF,BurdurFault;BGF,Beys¸ehirGo¨lu¨Fault;TF,TatarlıFault;SuF,SultandagˇFault;TGF,TuzGo¨lu¨Fault;EcF,Ecemis¸Fau;ErF,ErciyesFault;DF,
DelilerFault;MF,MalatyaFault;KFZ,Karatas¸–OsmaniyeFaultZone.
4 T.TAYMAZETAL.