Table Of Content©EntomologicaFennica.8December2006
The genus Sialis Latreille, 1802 (Megaloptera: Sialidae)
in Palaearctic China, with description of a new species
XingyueLiu&DingYang*
Liu, X. & Yang, D. 2006: The genus Sialis Latreille, 1802 (Megaloptera:
Sialidae)inPalaearcticChina,withdescriptionofanewspecies.—Entomol.
Fennica17:394–399.
ThespeciesofthegenusSialisfromPalaearcticChinaarerevised.Threespecies
aredescribed,includingSialishenanensissp.n.Akeytothemalesofthespecies
ofSialisfromPalaearcticChinaispresented.
X.Liu&D.Yang(*correspondingauthor),DepartmentofEntomology,China
AgriculturalUniversity,Beijing100094,China
Received8November2005,accepted20January2006
1.Introduction arcticareas(Zhang1999).However,thefaunaof
Sialis from Palaearctic China is very poorly
ThemegalopterangenusSialisLatreille,1802is known, with only two species (S. sibirica
thelargestgenusinthefamilySialidae,with54 McLachlanandS.longidensKlingstedt)respec-
describedspeciesandsubspecies,whicharepre- tively recorded by Yang (1980) and Hayashi &
dominantly distributed in the Holarctic Region. Suda (1995), while there are five Sialis species
The adult is characterized by broad wings with fromOrientalChina(Liu&Yang2006).
thecostalregiondistinctlydilatedbeforethemid- InthisstudyanewspeciesofSialisfromPa-
dle,andbranchedR andR .Theadultgenita- laearcticChinaisrecordedanddescribed.Sialis
2+3 4+5
liaarehighlymodified. sibiricaandS.longidensarere-describedandre-
TheearlyrevisionaryworksofWeele(1910), illustrated based on specimens collected from
Klingstedt (1932a, b), and Ross (1937) were China in order to compare them to populations
mostly focused on the European and Nearctic outsideofChina.Akeytothemalesofthesethree
Sialis. More recent revisions on Sialis include, speciesisalsogiven. Specimensforthepresent
Meinander (1962), Aspöck et al. (1980, 2001), study are deposited in the Entomological Mu-
Vshivkova(1979,1985),Hayashi&Suda(1995, seum of China Agricultural University (CAU),
1997),andLiu&Yang(2006). Beijing;InstituteofZoology,ChineseAcademy
Currently, there are 22 valid recent species of Science (IZCAS), Beijing; and the Shanghai
andsubspeciesofSialisfromthePalaearcticRe- Entomological Museum, Chinese Academy of
gion,with12speciesfromtheWesternPalaearc- Science, (SEMCAS), Shanghai. All type speci-
tic Region (Aspöck et al. 2001) and 10 species mens are pinned except the holotype of Sialis
andsubspeciesfromtheRussianFarEast,China henanensissp.n.,whichispreservedinalcohol.
andJapan.Duetoitslargesize,PalaearcticChina Theterminologyoftheadultgenitaliagenerally
generallysharesmanyspecieswithotherPalae- followsContreras-Ramos(2004).
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.17 (cid:127) SialisinPalaearcticChina 395
2.Systematicpart
2.1.SialisLatreille,1802
SialisLatreille,1802:290.Typespecies:Heme-
robius lutarius Linnaeus, 1758: 550, by mono-
typy.
General characters. Alderflies of small-size
(forewing length 9–20 mm). Body blackish,
sometimeswithheadandprothoraxorange.Head
subquadrate, with compound eyes less promi-
nent; vertex usually with elevated pale marks.
Prothoraxlargeandrectangular,about2.5times
wider than long; meso- and metathorax shorter
thanprothorax.Wingssomewhatshortened,with
thecostalregiondistinctlydilatedbeforethemid-
dle,R andR withtwoormorebranches.
2+3 4+5
2.2.KeytomalesofSialis
fromPalaearcticChina
1. Ninth gonostylus nearly semicircular in lat-
eral view, about 1.5 times as long as ninth
tergum; tenth sternum extremely small and
simple sibiricaMcLachlan,1872
– Ninthgonostylussubquadrateinlateralview,
aslongasninthtergum;tenthsternumlarge,
withproximalportionexpandedlaterally 2
2. Tenthtergumshort,aslongas½ofwidthof
Fig.1.SpeciesofSialisfromPalaearcticChina.
ninth tergum, dorsally narrowed in lateral
–a.S.henanensissp.n.,holotypemale.–b.S.longi-
view;tenth sternumshort, with median por-
densKlingstedt,male.–c.S.sibiricaMcLachlan,
tionexpandedlaterally henanensissp.n.
male.Scalelines:1.0mm.
– Tenthtergumlong,aslongas2/3ofwidthof
ninthtergum,notnarroweddorsallyinlateral
view; tenth sternum elongate, with median Description.Male.Bodylengthabout12mm;
portionnotexpanded forewinglengthabout12mm,hindwinglength
longidensKlingstedt,1932 about11mm.Headblack,vertexwithmanyyel-
lowishbrownelevatedmarks;antennaandcom-
poundeyedarkbrown. Thoraxblack, legsdark
2.3.Sialishenanensissp.n.(Figs.1a,2) brown.Wingspalebrown,hindwingsmuchpaler
than forewings; veins dark brown. Abdomen
Materialexamined.Holotype#:CHINA:Henan black.Tenthtergumshort,aslongas½ofwidth
Province, Luanchuan, Longyuwan, 33°47’ N, ofninthtergum,dorsallynarrowedinlateralview
111°36’E,21.V.1999,leg.I.Sivec(CAU). (Fig.2a).Tenthsternumsmall,unguiform,much
Diagnosis.Tenthtergumshort,aslongas½of shorter than tenth tergum; in caudal view (Fig.
widthofninthtergum,dorsallynarrowedinlat- 2b) proximal portion and median portion ex-
eralview;tenthsternummuchshorterthantenth panded laterally, respectively forming pair of
tergum, with proximal and median portion ex- slenderlobes,withmedianlobesslightlyshorter
pandedlaterally. andwider;distalhalfbroadwithtipstronglynar-
396 Liu&Yang (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.17
Fig.2.Sialishenanen-
sissp.n.,male.–a.
Genitalia,lateralview.
–b.Tenthtergumand
tenthsternum,caudal
view.–c.Genitalia,
ventralview.Scale
lines:0.5mm.(t9,ninth
tergum;s9,ninthster-
num;g9,ninth
gonostylus;t10,tenth
tergum;s10,tenthster-
num;pl,proximallobe;
ml,medianlobe).
rowed.Ninthsternumnarrow,arcuate,inventral Female.Unknown.
view with lateral portions somewhat narrowed Remarks. The new species appears to be
(Fig.2c).Ninthgonostylusbroad;inlateralview closelyrelatedtoSialissinensisBanksinhaving
(Fig. 2a) subquadrate, with dorsal distal corner asimilartenthsternumwithitsproximalandme-
dorsally produced; in ventral view (Fig. 2c) dianportionexpandedlaterallyintotwopairsof
subtrapezoidalwithtriangulartip. lobes,butcanbeseparatedfromS.sinensisbythe
shorttenthtergumandthetenthsternumwiththe
medianlobesshorterthantheproximallobes.In
S.sinensis,thetenthtergumislong,andtheme-
dian lobes are longer than the proximal lobes
(Hayashi&Suda1995).
Etymology.Thename‘henanensis’refersto
thetypelocalityofthenewspecies.
Distribution.China(Henan)(Fig.3).
2.4.SialislongidensKlingstedt,1932
(Figs.1b,4)
SialislongidensKlingstedt,1932:1.
Material examined. CHINA: Heilongjiang
Fig.3.DistributionmapoftheSialisspeciesfromPa- Province, Hulin, 45°47’N, 132°57’E, 13.VI.
laearcticChina. 1971,2##(IZCAS).
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.17 (cid:127) SialisinPalaearcticChina 397
Fig.4.Sialislongidens
Klingstedt,male.–a.
Genitalia,lateralview.
–b.Tenthtergumand
tenthsternum,caudal
view.c.–Genitalia,ven-
tralview.Scalelines:0.5
mm.
Diagnosis. Tenth tergum as long as 2/3 of lateral portions somewhat narrowed (Fig. 4c).
width of ninth tergum, subquadrate in lateral Ninthgonostylusbroad;inlateralview(Fig.4a)
view;tenthsternumelongatewithproximalpor- subtrapezoidal, with ventral posterior corner
tion pterygoidly expanded; ninth gonostylus somewhatangulatelyprominent;inventralview
subquadrate with ventroposterior corner angu- (Fig.4c)subquadratewithoutermarginslightly
latelyprominent. concavedatmiddle.
DescriptionofChinesemale(earlierdescrip- Remarks. This species was first recorded
tion of this species can be found in Klingstedt fromChinabyHayashi&Suda(1995),butwith-
1932a,Vishivkova1979,Hayashi&Suda1995). outanyspecimensfromChinaastheconvincing
Body length10–11mm;forewinglength11–12 evidence.Inthisstudy,twomaleswerefoundthat
mm, hind wing length 10–11 mm. Head black, clearly proves the existence of this species in
vertexwithmany brownishelevatedmarks;an- China.Thisspeciesappearstobecloselyrelated
tennaandcompoundeyeblackishbrown.Thorax to Sialis annae Vshivkova in having a similar
blackishbrown,legsbrown.Wingspalebrown, tenth tergum and pterygoidly expanded tenth
withforewingsmuchdarkeronbasalhalf;veins sternum, but can be easily separated from
brown.Abdomenblack.Tenthtergumaslongas S.annaebytheninthgonostyluswiththeventro-
2/3ofwidthofninthtegum,inlateralview(Fig. posteriorcornerangulately prominent.InS.an-
4a)subquadratewithrounddistalportion.Tenth nae, the ventroposterior corner of the ninth
sternum strongly sclerotized, nearly as long as gonostylus is roundly prominent (Vshivkova
tenth tergum; proximal half pterygoidly ex- 1979).
pandedlaterallyinventralview(Fig.4b);distal Distribution. China (Heilongjiang) (Fig. 3);
half long, spine-like, distinctly produced cau- Japan,Russia.
dally.Ninthsternumnarrow,inventralviewwith
398 Liu&Yang (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.17
Fig.5.Sialissibirica
McLachlan.–a.Male
genitalia,lateralview.
–b.Tenthtergum,cau-
dalview.–c.Malegeni-
talia,ventralview.–d.
Femalegenitalia,ventral
view.Scalelines:0.5
mm.
2.5.SialissibiricaMcLachlan,1872 Diagnosis. Tenth sternum extremely small,
(Figs.1c,5) divided into paired claws; ninth gonostylus
broad, about 1.5 times as long as ninth tergum,
SialissibiricaMcLachlan,1872:55. nearlysemicircularinlateralviewwithapexdis-
SialisfrequensOkamoto,1905:112. tinctly narrowed; female seventh sternum with
Material examined. CHINA: Heilongjiang posteriormarginincisedmedially;femaleeighth
Province, Yuquan, 45°23’N, 127°09’E, 15.VI. sternumdistinctlydividedmedially.
1956, 4 ##, 3 $$ (CAU); Heilongjiang Prov- DescriptionofChinesespecimens(earlierde-
ince, Talin, 52°01’N, 123°40’E, 5.VI.1979, 3 scriptionsofthisspeciescanbefoundinWeele
##, leg. C.Y. Cui (SEMCAS); Heilongjiang 1910, Klingstedt 1932, Vishivkova 1985, Ha-
Province, Huzhong, 52°01’N, 123°40’E, 12.VI. yashi & Suda 1995). Male. Body length 8–10
1979,1#,leg.C.Y.Cui(SEMCAS);JilinProv- mm; forewing length 11–12 mm, hind wing
ince, Manjiang, 41°57’N, 127°37’E, 14/28.VI. length10–11mm.Headblack,vertexwithmany
1955, 1 #, 2 $$, leg. Z.Y. Li (IZCAS); Jilin yellowish brown elevated marks; antenna and
Province, Changbaishan, Toudao, 42°02’N, compound eye dark brown. Thorax black with
128°08’E,5/7.VI.1965,2$$(CAU);JilinProv- legs dark brown. Wings palebrown;veins dark
ince, Changbaishan, Wenquan, 42°02’N, brown. Abdomen black. Tenth tergum(Fig. 5a)
128°08’E, 1.VII.1965, 1 $ (CAU); Qinghai narrow, directed ventrally, with tip slightly in-
Province, Huzhu, 36°51’N, 101°08’E, 3.VIII. cisedincaudalview(Fig.5b).Ninthsternumnar-
1975,1#,leg.Z.G.Xu(CAU). row,arcuate,inventralviewwithlateralportions
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.17 (cid:127) SialisinPalaearcticChina 399
somewhat narrowed (Fig. 5c). Tenth sternum References
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