THE GENUS HOSTA TRATT. (LILIACEAE) IN KOREA

10 Pages·1991·4.2 MB·English

by  Myong Gi Chung

A
THEGENUSHOSTATRATT. (LILIACEAE)INKOREA
MYONGGI CHUNG'
BotanyAtDheepnasr.tmGenAt.30Un6i0v2e,rsiUty.So.jGeorgia
and
JONGWON KIM
DepartmentofBiology. PusanNational University
Piisan 609-733. REPUBLIC OFKOREA
AHS'lRAcrr
Basedontheresultofabiosystematicstudythatem]-)loyedphenericanalysesofmorpho-
logical and enzyme electrophoretic data, and iicldwork, six Korean species can be
recognized:Hostayifii^er/S.B.Jones(Tae-huk-san,So-huk-san,Hongislands);H.capitata
(Koidz.)Nakai(sourhernKorea);H.claiiuiNakai(centralandnorthernKorea);H.minor
(Baker)Nakai(southandmiddle-easternKorea, includmgWanandKo-jaeislands);H.
taquetii (Levi. \n Fedde)M. Chung&J. Kimcomb. nov. i=H. venitstaV. Maekawa)
(Che-juIsland);andH.joriesiiM. Chung(southernislands). Keys, typications,synono-
mies,descriptions,anddistributionsareincluded.
[NTROOLicrrroN
Hosta is a horticulturally important genus ofapproximately 22—25
species ofherbaceous perennials restricted to eastern Asia (Chung and
Jones 1989;Jones 1989). Manyspeciesandcultivarsarewidelygrownin
shadygardensinAsia,Europe,NorthAmerica,andNewZealand(Chung
1990; Jones 1989). Numerous nomenclatural and taxomonic problems
existwithinthegenus(Aden 1988). Bailey(1930),Stearn(1931),Hylan-
der (1954), and Lee (1957) all pointed out that Hosta is taxonomically
confusedgenus. Thetaxonomicdifficultyhasbeenattributedtothepres-
enceofrelativelyfewdiagnosticcharactersondriedherbariumspecimens
(Hylander 1954). Inaddition, manyspeciesofHostaaresovariableecolo-
gicallyandmorphologicallythataproperspeciesconceptrequiresmorpho-
logical, ecological, andbiosystematicstudies(Chung 1990). Over2,500
cultivars further confound the taxonomicstatusofseveral Hostaspecies.
These difficulties have given rise to broad (Fujita 1976) or narrow
(Maekawa 1940, 1969)speciesconcepts; 15or25Japanesespecies,respec-
tively. Although Fujitacarefully described morphological charactersand
'Currentaddress:DepartmentotBiologicalSciences,RO. 1059,RutgersUniversity,Pis-
cataway, NJ08855,U.S.A.
SiDA 14(3):411-420. 1991.
412
ecological and geographical distributions, his studies were confined to
Japananddid not include Korean ormainland Asiantaxa.
MATIiRIALS AND MiriHODS
Samples ofHosta rootstocks (978)werecollectedfrom 45 localities in
SouthKoreaandtwoonTsushimaIsland(H.tsushimensisN.Fujita),Japan
(Chung etal. 1991). Observationsweremadeofthehabitats, and notes
were taken on characteristics of the populations. The rootstocks were
grown under uniform conditions in the BotanyGrowth Facilities atthe
UniversityofGeorgia.Voucherspecimensofallcollectionsaredepositedat
GA, SNU, and KYO. Herbarium materials from BH, BM, E, GA, K,
KYO,L,MO,NA,NY,PE,SNU,TI,andUSwereexammedinorderto
searchtypespecimensofKoreanHostataxaanddeterminethetotalrange
ofgeographicvariationandthedistributionofeachtaxon,especiallythose
collected from North Korea and Manchuria, China. In addition, the
HerbariaatTokyoUniversity(TI)andKyotoUniversity(KYO),wherethe
majorityof typespecimens ofHostaarekept, werevisited byMGC.
TAXONOMY
Thetaxonomictreatmentpresentedhereistheresultofabiosystematic
study that employed phcnetic analyses of morphological data (Chung
1990;ChungandJones 1990), datafromenzymeelectrophoresis(Chung
et al. 1991), and fieldwork (Chung 1990;J. Kim pers. comm.). Four
complexes,onewiththreespecies{H.minor,H.taqiietii[—H.verimta],and
H.jonesii)andtheremainingthreeeachwithasinglespecies{H.yirigeri;H.
capitata; and H. dansa) can be recognized in Korea. This conclusion
conHicts with thesectional treatmentsofHosia by Maekawa(1940) and
Fujita(1976). Forexample,Maekawa(1940)andFujita(1976)treatedW.
capitata.H.minor,andH.taqiietiiinsectionLamellataeEMaekawabecause
these three species have ridged scapes. Results by the study ofChung
(1990)andChungetal. (1991), however, showed thatH. minorandH.
taqnetitarecloselyrelatedtoeachother,whileH.capitataisquitedistinct.
Inaddition,H.tsushimensisandH.jonesii,whichbelongtosectionTardan-
thae (E Maekawa) E Maekawa (Chung 1989; Fujita 1976) show close
relationshipswithH. minorandH. taqnetii. Thus, sectionaltreatmentsof
the Korean hostas must wait until theentiregenushas beenexamined.
Whileexaminingloansfromthe 12 HerbariaandspecimensatTIand
KYO,fourtypespecimens:H.clausa{Nakais.n.),H.clausavar.normalisE
Maekawa{Nakai 5255), H. ensataF Maekawa{Nakai ')2'}^), andH. lon-
gipesvar.albaNakai{Utiyamas.n.)werenotencountered. Probably, these
four type specimens were lost (H. Ohba pers. comm.). We therefore
;
413
designatelectotypesfortwonames, H. dansavan normaltsandH. ensata,
and neotypesfor two namesH. dausaandH. longipesvar. alba.
A KKY TOTHE KORIiAN St^l-CHsSOrHOSTA
1. Bracts,pappillousatapex,greenishwhenfresh,remaininggreenatflower-
ing,andpersistentwiththefruits.
2. Scapesridgedorlongitudinallystriate.
3. Leaf6.5—10cm long; lengthof innerand outerperianth lobes
3. eLeqaufal1t4o—su3b5equcaml long; outer perianth lobes longer than inner H. tM/uetii
lobes H. muior
2. Scapessmooth, notridged.
4. Racemesdistichous;transpatentlinesonperianthca. 5mmlong;
stamens 3+3 (the exceptional length of the second set of
stamens) H.yin^eri
4. Racemessecundotsubsecund;ttans|-)arcntlinesonperianthca. 15
mmlong;lengthofstamenssame H.jonesii
!. Bracts,notpappillousatapex,whitishgreenwhenfresh,fadingtowhitish
brownatHowering,notpersistentwiththefruits.
5. Scapesridgedorlongitudinallystriate;leafbladesscabrousonthe
nervesbelow;innerperianthlobesca. 14mmwide;antherswhitish
yellowwithpurpledots H. capitata
5. Scapessmooth,notridged;leafbladessmoothonthenervesbelow;
innerperianthlobesca. 9mmwide;anthersdarkpurple H.dausa
HosTACLAUSANakai,Bot.Mag.(Tokyo)44:27. 1930.Vunkialam'ifolia-avxci.
non Sprengel; Komarov, Fl. Manshur. 2:328. 1901. Fiinkia ovata auct. non
Sprengel;Komarov,ib. 2;329- 1901.Hostalancifoliaauct. nonEngler;Nakai,J.
Coll.Sci.Imp.Univ.Tokyo31:250. 1911-Hostacam/leaauct.non(Andrew)Tratt.
NKaokmaair,ovi,b.F3l.1:U2R5S1S.,149:1515.,Ftu.n5kifa2l.anc1i9fo3l5i.a—a—uctT.ypnio::nKSpOrRenEgAel.;PEkoCvz.ernKiYarkooNvGs-kacii-n
DC).Kwang-nung,n.d.,Nakais.ri.(n.v.). Neotypi:,heredcsignatetl:KOREA.
Pkov. Kyi;onc,-c,i-ix). Kwang-nung, 16Aug 1929,Lims.n. (SNU!).
HostajalmntcaThunb.var.lancifoliaNakai,Rep.Veg.DiamondMts. 167. 1918.iwm.
ilkg. —
Hostaclaiisa Nakai var. normalisE Mackawa,J.Jap. Bot. 13:899- 1937. Typi::
KOREA—. Prov. Kanc,-won-ix). Mt. Kum-gang, n.d., Nakai 5255
(n.v.). LRc;rt)'i>'Pi:, here designated: KOREA—. Prov. Kan(.-\x'on-ix;). Mt.
Kum-gang, 20 Aug 1902, Uchiyamas.n. (TI!) Parat^'phs: KOREA. Prov.
Kanc-won-dcj.Mt.Kum-gang,5Aug1932,Kobayashis.n.(Tl!);Pkov.Pyp.onc;-
ANPuK-ix).Jeon-san, 12Aug 1912,Imai7(TI!). —
Hosta cnsata F Maekawa, J. Jap. Bot. 13:900.—1937. Typi:: KOREA. Prov.
Kyi-.onc.-c;i-do, n.d., Nakai 5253 (n.v.). Lhc;totype, here designated:
CHINA.MANc:HtiRiA.Prov.Miikdkn.si.s,13Ju11897,/Cr;wiirOT'366(NY!;isoi.rc-
totypks:BM!, K!).
Glabrous,herbaceousperennialsfromcreepingrhizomes.Leavesascend-
ing oblic]uely; petioles (2.2-)4~10(-18.5) cm long, 3—5 mm wide at
414
middleofpetiole,greenishorsometimeswithpurpledots,winged;blades
6.5— 13.2(-16)cmlong, 1.6—6.3cmwide,lanceolateornarrowlyovate,
rigidandheavy-textured,acuminateatapex,graduallynarrowedatbaseto
petiole,theveinsofupperleafsurfaceconspicuouswhenfresh,theveinsof
lowerleafsurfacein4—8elevatedpairs. Scapeserect, terete, 26—62cm
long,(2-)3—4mmwicie, withbrightpurpledotsonallparts, belowin-
florescencebearing(2-)3—4(-5)clasping,lanceolatebracts, these 15—20
mm long, 8—13 mm wide, obtuse at apex; raceme subsecund, (8-)
10—23(-26)-flowered; inflorescence bracts, acute, navicular, whitish
green(fresh),7—12mmlong,4—7mmwide,fadmgtowhitishbrownat
orafterflowering;pedicelshorizontallyspreading,8—12mmlong,whit-
ishpurple, usuallythesameasthesubtendingbracts, brightpurpleafter
flowering. Perianth(fresh)35—50mmlong,ca. 32mmindiameter,blu-
ishpurple, colorbetween the narrowand inflated perianth tubeslightly
different, greenishpurple inbud; upperdilated portionofperianth tube
somewhatbell-shaped,theapexofperianthlobesslightlydecurrent;inner
nerves not intensely purple-colored; translucent lines 12—16mm long,
extending to the middleoflower narrowed perianth ttibe, conspicuous;
stamens 39—48 mm long; filaments white, attached to the baseofthe
perianthtube, nearlyequaltoorslightlylongerthanperianth;anthersca.
mm
3 long, dark bluish purple on the basal surface. Capsule cylindric,
25—34mmlong,4—7mmwide,purpledotted. FloweringmidJuneto
August; fruit ripening lateJulytoSeptember.
Koreanname:Jukok-bibich'u, Cham-bibich'u.
Thisspeciesgrowsalongstreamsincentralandnorthern Koreaandin
Manchuria, China, withthreemorphspresentwithinpopulation(Chung
1990).Thefirstmorphbearinglanceolateleavesgrowsonrockandappears
to be Maekawa's H. ensata. The second morph, with ovate leafblades,
growsonsandysoilinopenareasandcorrespondstoH.dansavar.normals.
A third morph grows under dense Saiix gracilglans Nakai stands and
appears to be reproduced only by rhizomes (Chung 1990). Plants with
closedflowers,H.claiisavar.cla/isa,werenotfoundduringfieldstudiesof
1988 and 1989. However, they are known in garden cultivation (S. B.
Jonespers. comm.). Maekawa(1969)notedthatH. clausavar. clai/saisa
rarevariety,whereasvarietynormalniscommon.Lee(1973)proposedthat
varietalranknotberecognized. WehavefollowedLee's(1973)treatment.
Morphologically, H. clausa is distinct from other species with clasping
ground bracts, floweringbracts fadingtowhitishbrownafterflowering,
dark purple anthers, terete scapes, and elevated veins on the lower leaf
surface. Isozymically, thisspeciesisdistinctfromothertaxa(Chungetal.
1991).
415
HosTA MINOR (Baker) Nakai, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31:251.
1911 (cxcl. Syn. H. longlpes). —Basionym: Funkm ot'ata var. minor
Baker,J. Linn. Soc, Bot. 11:368. 1870. Typi;: Korean Archipelago, 1863,
Oldham865(hoi.oiypi;:K,Photo!;i.sotypl:L!).
Hoitaw//w;r(Baker)Naka—if.^^/Z'a'(Nakai)FMackawa,J.Fac.Sci.Univ.Tokyo,Sect.3,
Bot. 5:418. 1940. Basio—nym://.longipesviw.albaNakai,Rep.Veg.Diamond
Mt.s. 167. I9I8,noni.illeg. Tyfi;;KOR—EA.Prov.Kang-won-ix).Mt.Kum-
gang, 16Aug 1902,Utiyamas.ii.(n.v.). NF.OTYPt,heredesignated:KOREA,
Prov. Kanc;-won-ix). Mt. Kum-gang, Nae-kum-gang,8Aug 1932,Kohayashi
s.n. {TV.).
Herbaceous perennials from creeping rhizomes. Leaves erect-patent,
spirallyarrangedatbaseofstem;petioles7.0—21.0cmlong,purpledot-
ted,winged;bladesovateornarrowlyovate, 7.5—15cmlong, 5.0—8.1
cmwide,dullgreen, obtuseoracuminateatapex,with(6-)7—9pairsof
somewhat smooth, not elevated, nearly glabrous nerves on lower leaf
surfaces. Scapes usually erect, longitudmally striate, 30—65(-80) cm
long, 2—4(-5)mmwide, usuallypurple-dottedonthelowerpart, below
inflorescence bearing 1—4(-5) navicular bracts, these (8-)18—26(-35)
mm long, (4-)6—12 mm wide; raceme subsccund, (7-)10—15(-22)-
flowered;inflorescencebractsacute,navicular,greenish(fresh),7—12mm
long, 4—8(-ll) mm wide, usually open at flowering, persistent after
flowering;pedicelsobliquelydescendingorhorizontallyspreading, 5—10
mm long, greenish, minutely purple-dotted, usually shorter than
subtendingbracts. Perianth(fresh)35—45 mmlong, ca. 30mmindia-
meter, whitish purple, greenish in bud; the lower narrower portion of
perianthtubewhitish;theupperdilatedportionmoreorlessbell-shaped,
whitishpurple;innernervesintenselypurple-colored;lobesoblong,acute,
14—22mmlongand7—l4mmwide;translucentlines13—20(-25)mm
long, extending to the middleoflowernarrowerperianth tube; stamens
35—45 mm long, nearlyequalorslightlylongerthanperianth; anthers
yellowishwithpurpledotsonthebasalsurface.Capsulecylindric,22—36
mmlong, 3—6mmwide. FloweringinJulytoearlyAugust;fruitsripen-
ing in lateJuly to August.
Korean name: Chom-bibich'u.
Thisspeciesisfoundonthegraniticandhumussoilsandunderpine-oak
forestsonhillsidesorsomewhatopenareasofeasternandsouthernKorea,
including Wanand Ko-jae islands. (Koreanendemicspecies.)
HosTA 1AQLJETii (Lcvl. in Fedde) M. Chung &J. Kim, comb. nov.
Ba.sionym: Vunkia suhcordata Sprengel var. taquetii Levi., Reperr. Spec.
Nov. RegniVeg.9:322. 1911.—Type:KOREA. Prov.Chu-jii-ix).Che-juIs-
land, Mt. Hal-la;elev.ca. 1,700m,4Aug 1910,Taquet4047(hoi.otype:E!).
)
416
—
ilijshivvuintdY:Maekawa,J.Jap.Bot. 1l:2i5. 1935. ISi'i;:originunknown,culti-
vafcdplantatTokyo,Japan, 10Jul 1931, I'erasakis.ii. (holoiyph:TI!).
llusUivaimlavar.ckcinrcmF.Maekawa,J.Jap.Bot. 13:897. 1937.—-Typi;:KOREA.
Piu)\'. Cm-U'-ix). (:hc--|uIsland, Mt. Hal-la,clcv.ca. 1,500m, 14Aug 1912,
Isicloyn \2(iioi.o'i^'Pi;:TI!).
Herbaceous perennials from long creeping rhizomes. Leaves erect-
patent, spirallyarrangedatbaseofstem;petioles 1.8—5.0cmlong;bla-
des narrowly ovate, 4.2—7.4(-8.()) cm long, 2.0—3.9(-4.5) cm wide,
dark dull green, slightly rigid, acuminate at apex, nerves ofupper leaf
surhicc inconspicuous when fresh, nearly glabrous on the 5—6 pairs of
moreor less smooth, noneelevated nervesonlowerleafsurfaces. Scapes
erect,longitudinallystriate,25—40(-50)cmlong,2—3mmwide,usual-
ly purple-dotted on the lower part, below inflorescence bearing 1—2
lanceolate bract(s), these 10— 17(-25) cm long,4—9 mm wide; raceme
subsecund,3—8(-9)-flowered;inflorescencebractsacute,navicular,green-
ish(fresh),6—11mmlong,3—5(-7)mmwide,usuallyopenatflowering,
persistent after flowering; pedicels more or less horizontally spreading,
7—13 mm long, greenish with purple dots, usually longer than the
subtendingbracts. Perianth(fresh) 30—35 mmlong, ca. 28mmindia-
meter, whitish purple, greenish in bud; the lower narrower portion of
perianthtubewhitishpurple;theupper, dilatedportionofperianthtube
somewhat bell-shaped, whitishpurple;theinnernervesintenselypurple-
colored;outerand innerlobes nearlyequal 13~ 16mmlongand 7—12
mm wide; stamens 32—35 mm long, slightly longer than perianth;
anthersyellowishwithpurpledotsonthebasalsurface. Capsulecylindric,
usuallywithpurpledots,20—30mmlong,4—7mmwide.Floweringin
midJtily to mid August; fruits ripening in August toSeptember.
Korean name: Halla-bibich'u.
Hostel taqiittii occuts basaltic soil in somewhat open areas or under
CryptomeriaonChe-juIsland, Korea.Taxonomically,itiscloselyassociated
withH.minor,butdiffersby6.5—10cmlongleaves(vs. 14—35cminH.
ni/iior)andequaltosubequallengthofinnerandouterperianthlobes(vs.
outerperianthlobeslongerthaninnerlobesinH.minor).(Koreanendemic
species.
HosTA—c;APiTArA (Koidz.) Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44:514. 1930.
1916B.a.s—ionly\pmi:::JJiA.PcAaeNr.nkiiFkovavr.. cAawpiatc,itaHiKcoaisdzh.i,iyaBoyta.maM-amgu.ra,(To2k9yoJ)un30:1392165.,
Kn'ulziimis.ti.(holot-ipi-::TI!).
llastumikcihimi H Maekawa,J.Jap. Bor. ll:6cS7. 1935.—Typi:: KOREA. Prov.
CJK)i-i.ANam-ix). Mt. Fack-un, basedonaculti—vatedplantoriginallycollected
Aug 19>i,Jul 1935,HakciiS.11.(hoiotypp:TI!). Parat^'pi;:KOREA.Prov.
(Jiot-i.ANam-ix). Mt. Paek-un, 20Aug 1934,Nukais.n. (TI!).
417
Herbaceous perennials from creeping rhizomes. Leaves erect-patent,
spirallyarranged at baseofstem;petioles6—12(-19.5)cm long; blades
cordate,8.2— 18cmlong,6.5—7.9cmwide,dullgreen,marginsundu-
late, rigid, abruptlyacuminateatapex, nervesofupperleafsurfacescon-
spicuouswhenfresh,scabrousonthe7—9pairsofelevatednervesonlower
leafsurfaces. Scapeserect, longitudinallystriate, 37—60cm long, 3—5
mm wide, purple-dottedon the lowerpart, below inflorescence bearing
2—4(-5)lanceolatebracts,these 1.4—6.5cmlong,9—12mmwide;(3-)
7—18 flowers clustered near the topofscape; inflorescence bracts boat-
shaped, whitishwithapurpletint(fresh), tightlyclosedandshort-beak-
like beforeflowering, fading towhitishbrownafterflowering, 1.6—2.2
ctimnt,losnhgo,rt1e—r t1h.a8ncsmubwtideen;dipnegdicbrealcst,s.4—Pe8rimanmthlo(fnrge,shw)hi4t5is—h6w0itmhmapulropngl,e
ca. 25 mm in diameter, whitish purple; the lower, narrower portion of
perianthtubewhitish,3-5—4(-5)mmmdiameter;theupper,dilatedpor-
tion ofperianth tube somewhat bell-shaped; the inner nerves intensely
purple-colored; lobes oblong, 16—24 mm long and 10—15 mm wide;
translucent lines, 13—24 mm long, reachingalmostthroughthelower,
narrower perianth tube; stamens more or less protruding from the
perianth; anthers oblong, whitishyellow with purpledotson margin of
basal surface. Capsule cylindric, 17—25 mm long, 4—7 mm wide.
FloweringinmidJunetomidJuly;fruitsripeninginlateJulytoAugust.
Korean name; llwal-bibich'u, Bangwul-bibich'u.
Thisspecies is foundon humussoils in pine-oakforest hillsidesor in
openareas(e.g., Mts. Chi-ri, Prov. Chol-laNam-do)insouthernKorea.
HosTA YiNGERi S. B. Joncs, Ann. Missouri Hot. Gard. 67:602—604.
11998859,-Ymga-iT:^!'Puil.:3K6OiR6E(AiK.)i.Pcnr-oYPvF..:CNhoAi!.)-.i.—aNaPmar-adtoy.fhTsa:e-KhuOkR-EsaAn.IsPlraonvd,.2C3hoSle-p
la Nam-ix). Tae-hak-san Island, garden-grown material ofsame collection as
holorypc, Yingeretal(GA!); 18Sep 1985, Yingeretal. 3244(NA!)andgarden-
grownmaterial(GAI);22Sep 1985, Yingereta/. .35(S'5(NA!)andgarden-grown
material (GA!); and 23 Sep 1985, Yingeretal. 3610 (NA!)and garden-grown
material(GA!);So-huk-sanIsland, 15Aug 1985, Yingeretal.3164(NA!).
Glabrous, herbaceousperennials from short, clumpy rhizomes. Leaves
ascendingobliquely,spirallyarrangedatbaseofstems;petioles3-5—12(-
16.5)cmlong,2—5mmwideatmiddleofpetiole,greenishorsometimes
purpledotted, winged; blades7.5—17(-21.5)cmlong, 6.2—12,5(-17)
cmwide, elliptic-lanceolateornarrowlyovate, rigidandheavy-textured,
acuminateatapex,graduallynarrowedatbasetothepetiole, theveinsof
upper leaf surfaces inconspicuous when fresh, the veins of lower leaf
surfacesin5—8pairs.Scapes2—4timeslongerthanleaves,erect,terete.
418
bloenlgo,w3in—flHoremscmencweibdeea;rirnagce1m—e217li—ne4a3r-l—anfcleoowlearteed,bratchtes,ftlhoewseers2—equ3alclmy
arrangedaroundthecentralaxisofraceme;inflorescencebractsflat,green-
ish (fresh), papilloseatapex, 8—12 mmlong, 2—3 mmwide; pedicels
1.2—2.4 cm long, longer than the subtending bracts. Perianth (fresh)
whitishpurple,ca. 3.6—4.2cmlong,greenishpurplembud;theupper,
dilated portion of perianth tube funnel-shaped; the inner nerves not in-
tensely purple-colored; translucent lines ca. 3—6 mm long; lobes ca.
1.8—2cmlong,ca. 5mmwide.Stamensdistinct, 3 + 3,conspicuously
exserted,onesetca. 3.4cmlong,theothersetca.4.6cmlong;anthersca.
3mmlong,whitishyellowbeneath.Stylefiliform,ca.4.5cmlong,exser-
tedbeyondthestamens. Capsulecylmdric, 2.5—3cmlong,4.3—6mm
wide;seedsblack,flattened,winged,ca. 8.4mmlong,ca. 3.4mmwide.
Flowering in Augustand September; fruits ripening inSeptember.
Koreanname: Huksando-bibich'u(M. Chung&J. Kim, nom. nov.)
HostaymgenisonrockyareasneartheoceanatTae-huk-san,So-huk-san,
andHongislands in Korea. Thisspecies isdistinctfromotherspeciesof
Hash/ in its relatively thick, lustrous, adaxially dark green leaves. It is
furtherdistinguishedbyitsdelicateracemeofflowersspreadevenlyaround
the central axis of the inflorescence; typically, other Hosla species have
subsecundracemes. AnadditionaldiagnosticfeatureofH.yingeriisthe3
+ 3setofstamens.Hostayingeriisanattractivespecieswithhorticultural
potential (Jones 1989). (Koreanendemicspecies.)
HostajoNiisiiM. Chung, Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 76:920-922. 1989.
Tyim;: KOREA. Prov. K^lonc-sanc.Nam-ix). Nam-hacIsla—ml,Mt. Kum-
san, 28 Aug 1988, C7w«t; & Chuny^ 161,^ (hoi.otypi-: GA!). Farat-i-phs:
KOREA.Prov.Kyi-osang-sanc,Nam-do.Nam-haeIsland,Mt.Kum-san,5May
1980,L;ar(.lcn-,t;r()wnmaterial,Chi/ngs.n.(GA!).Prov.Choi.-i,aNam-do.Dol-san
Island,29Aut; 1988,Ch/niy957(GA!);21Sep 1988,Lee101(GA');22Sep1988,
103(KYO!);2>Sep1988,/06(MO!);24Sep1988,107(SNU!);26Sep1988./12
(Tl').
Herbaceous perennials from short, creeping rhizomes. Leaves erect-
patent, spirallyarranged basallyonthestem;petioles4.5—13cmlong,
4—7 mmwide,purpledotted,slightlywinged;bladeselliptic-lanceolate
ornarrowlyovate,6—13cmlong,3—5cmwide,darkdullgreen,slight-
ly rigid, obtuse or acuminate at apex, gradually narrowed at base to
petioles, thenervesofupperleafsurfaceinconspicuouswhenfresh, nearly
glabrous on the 5—7 pairs ofsomewhat smooth, usually noneelevated
nervesoflowerleafsurfaces.Scapesusuallyerect,terete, 35—60cmlong,
2—4mmwide,purple-dottedonlowerpart,belowinflorescencebearing
2 lanceolate bracts, these 15—20 mm long, 4—7 mm wide; raceme
419
(1)3—20—flowered; bracts acute, navicular, green, 8—13 mm long,
3—4 mmwide, usuallynotopenatflowering, relativelypersistentafter
flowering; pedicels obliquely ascending, 4—8 mm long, whitishgreen,
mmutcly purple-dotted, usually shorter than the subtending bracts.
Perianth(fresh)40—50mmlong,ca.25mmindiameter,whitishpurple,
greenishinbud;thelower, narrowerportionofperianthtubewhitish;the
upper, dilatedportionofperianth tubesomewhatbell-shaped; the inner
nerves intensely purple-colored; lobes oblong, acute, 13—15 mm long
and 7—8 mm wide; translucent lines extending to themiddle oflower
narrowerperianthtube;stamens39—48mmlong,nearlyequaltoorlon-
gerthanperianth;anthersca. 3mmlong, yellowishwithpurpledotson
thebasalsurface. Pistil45—52mmlong.Capsulecylindric, 22—33mm
long,4—6mmwide.FloweringinmidAugusttoearlySeptember;fruits
ripening inSeptember.
Korean name: Tadohae-bibich'u.
Hoskijonesii is found in shade ofpine-oak forests on rocky and rich
humus soils at Nam-hae, Dol-san, Po-gil islands, and nearby islands in
Korea.ThisspeciesisdistinguishedfromotherspeciesoiHostabytheshort
creepingrhizomes; thenavicular, green, relativelypersistentbracts;bell-
shapes corollas; terete scapes; an adaxially darkdull green leaves. Hosta
jonesiiappears toberelated toH. minorbythenavicularbractsandbell-
shapedperianths, andbythecreepingrhizomes, butdiffersbytheterete
scapes(vs. ridgedinH. minor),elliptic-lanceolateleafblades(vs.ovateor
narrowlyovateinH. minor), obliquelyascendingpedicelswithfruits(vs.
descendinginH. minor),andfloweringinmidAugusttoearlySeptember
(vs.JulytoearlyAugustinH.minor).Hostajonesiiisverycloselyrelatedto
H. tSHshimensisN. Fujita(Fujitapets, comm.),butdiffersbytheformer's
short creeping rhizomes, bell-shaped upper dilated portion ofperianth
tube, whitishpurpleinnerperianthnerves, scapesdottedwithpurpleon
thelowerpart,somewhatsmooth,andnoneelevatednervesonlowerleaf
surfaces.HostayingeridiffersfromH.jonesiibyitsovate,adaxiallylustrous
leaves;delicateracemeofflowersspreadaroundthecentralaxisofthein-
florescence;decurrent, flatbracts;relativelylongerpedicels;anddistinct,
exserted 3+3 stamens. (Koreanendemicspecies.)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
WethankS.B.Jones,D.E.Giannasi,andM.O.Moorefortheircom-
ments on this manuscript. Wealso thank N. Fujita, H. Obha, G. W.
SchmidandH.CurricfordiscussionsontheclassificationoiHosta.Special
thanksgotoMunSuandJeomRyoChung,HyeGiChung,MinSukand
AnnCraftChung, ChinSungChang, K. Kaneko, MmWungSung,Jae
420
Hong Park, HyoungTlik Im,JongSaeSon, SeokMyeon Lee, and Chin
Scop Hwang whoprovided supportand assistance incollectingsamples.
WearealsogratefultothedirectorsandstaffsoftheNationalandProvin-
cialParksofKoreaforpermissiontocollectsamplesfromChi-ri-san,Chu-
wang-san, Ga-ya-san, Hal-la-san, Han-ryo-hae-sang, Kye-ryoung-san,
Nae-jang-san, So-baek-san, Sok-ri-san, Ta-do-hae-hae-sang, andTok-yu-
sanNationalParks,andDae-dun-san,Ga-ji-san,jo-gae-san, Mo-ark-san,
Son-un-san, Wha-yang-dong, and Yon-wha-san Provincial Parks and
Hong Island. Weespecially thank the herbariadirectorsandcuratorsof
BH, BM, E, GA, K, KYO, L, MO, NA, NY, PE, SNU, TI, and, US.
Financialsupportwasprovided mpartbyaNationalScienceFoundation
Dissertation ImprovementGrant(BSR-8914430)toMGC, agrant from
an anonymous donor to MGC, and a Student Research Grant from the
UGA Botanydepartment toMGC.
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