The Genetics of Cognitive Neuroscience

311 Pages·2009·3.05 MB·English

by  Terry E. Goldberg

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The Genetics of Cognitive Neuroscience
Issues in Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychology
Jordan Grafman, series editor
Patient-Based Approaches to Cognitive Neuroscience
Martha J. Farah and Todd E. Feinberg, editors
Gateway to Memory: An Introduction to Neural Network Modeling of the Hippocampus and Learning
Mark A. Gluck and Catherine E. Myers
Neurological Foundations of Cognitive Neuroscience
Mark D’Esposito, editor
The Parallel Brain: The Cognitive Neuroscience of the Corpus Callosum
Eran Zeidel and Marco Iacoboni, editors
Fatigue as a Window to the Brain
John DeLuca, editor
Patient-Based Approaches to Cognitive Neuroscience, Second Edition
Martha J. Farah and Todd E. Feinberg, editors
Neurogenetic Developmental Disorders: Variation of Manifestation in Childhood
Michèle M. Mazzocco and Judith L. Ross, editors
The Genetics of Cognitive Neuroscience
Terry E. Goldberg and Daniel R. Weinberger, editors
The Genetics of Cognitive Neuroscience
edited by Terry E. Goldberg and Daniel R. Weinberger
The MIT Press
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England
© 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or
mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval)
without permission in writing from the publisher.
MIT Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or sales promotional
use. For information, please email [email protected] or write to Special Sales Depart-
ment, The MIT Press, 55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02142.
This book was set in Stone Sans and Stone Serif by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong and
was printed and bound in the United States of America.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The genetics of cognitive neuroscience / edited by Terry E. Goldberg and Daniel R.
Weinberger.
p. cm. – (Issues in clinical and cognitive neuropsychology)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-262-01307-9 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Neurogenetics. 2. Cognitive neuroscience.
I. Goldberg, Terry E. II. Weinberger, Daniel R.
QP356.22.G463 2009
612.8–dc22
2008044259
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedication
We would like to thank the subjects who willingly participated in these sometimes
diffi cult studies and gave their time, effort, and DNA and the scientists, named in this
book and unnamed, who thought hard about the issues in this fi eld and then did the
work to get the studies done. We also would like to thank our families, who have been
patient with us.

Contents
Preface ix
Introduction xi
I Methodologies for Genetic Association Studies of Cognition 1
1 Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics: An Outline for Neuropsychological
Genetics 3
Lucas Kempf and Daniel R. Weinberger
2 Statistical Methods in Neuropsychiatric Genetics 27
Kristin K. Nicodemus and Fengyu Zhang
3 Animal Models of Genetic Effects on Cognition 51
Francesco Papaleo, Daniel R. Weinberger, and Jingshan Chen
II Genetic Approaches to Individual Differences in Cognition and Affective
Regulation 95
4 The Genetics of Intelligence 97
Danielle Posthuma, Eco J. C. de Geus, and Ian J. Deary
5 Candidate Genes Associated with Attention and Cognitive Control 123
John Fossella, Jin Fan, and Michael I. Posner
6 Genetics of Corticolimbic Function and Emotional Reactivity 145
Ahmad R. Hariri, Erika E. Forbes, and Kristin L. Bigos
7 Genes Associated with Individual Differences in Cognitive Aging 159
Terry E. Goldberg and Venkata S. Mattay
viii Contents
III Genetic Studies of Cognition and Treatment Response in Neuropsychiatric
Disease 175
8 Genetics of Dyslexia: Cognitive Analysis, Candidate Genes, Comorbidities, and
Etiologic Interactions 177
Bruce F. Pennington, Lauren M. McGrath, and Shelley D. Smith
9 Cognitive Intermediate Phenotypes in Schizophrenia Genetics 195
Gary Donohoe, Terry E. Goldberg, and Aiden Corvin
10 The Genetic Basis for the Cognitive Deterioration of Alzheimer’s Disease 221
John M. Ringman and Jeffrey L. Cummings
11 Pharmacogenetic Approaches to Neurocognition in Schizophrenia 245
Katherine E. Burdick and Anil K. Malhotra
Contributors 261
Index 263
Preface
Cognitive genetics and imaging genetics are emerging fi elds that seek to combine and
integrate advances in capturing the implications of the sequence of the human
genome with advances in understanding the neural underpinnings of cognitive archi-
tecture, personality dimensions, and affective regulation. This edited, multichaptered
volume is designed to give the reader a working understanding of the infl uence of
specifi c genetic variants on cognition, affective regulation, personality, and CNS dis-
orders. The book can be read as a primer with sections on molecular genetics, statistical
approaches, and heritability of cognitive and personality traits, with up-to-the-minute
reviews of promising candidate genes for cognition and affective regulation, neuro-
logic and psychiatric disorders, and pharmacogenetic response. We view the book as
a how-to manual that should provide a set of principles or “tools” for critically evalu-
ating recent studies and as a compendium of “what’s out there” for thinking about
and planning one’s own studies.