The Gale encyclopedia of mental disorders M-Z

604 Pages·2003·6.21 MB·English

by  Ellen Thackery

GALE

The
ENCYCLOPEDIA
of
M
ENTAL
D
isorders
GALE

The
ENCYCLOPEDIA
of
M
ENTAL
D
isorders
VOLUME
2
M-Z
ELLEN THACKERY AND MADELINE HARRIS, EDITORS
The Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
Project Editor Permissions Product Design
Ellen Thackery Margaret Chamberlain Michelle DiMercurio, Tracey Rowens
Editorial Imaging and Multimedia Manufacturing
Deirdre S. Blanchfield, Madeline Harris, Kate Robert Duncan, Mary Grimes, Lezlie Light, Evi Seoud
Kretschmann, Brigham Narins, Mark Springer Dan Newell, David Oblender, Christine
O’Bryan, Kelly A. Quin Indexing
Editorial Systems Support Synapse, the Knowledge Link Corporation
Andrea Lopeman
©2003 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of the Gale Since this page cannot legibly accommo-
Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, For permission to use material from this date all copyright notices, the acknowledg-
Inc. product, submit your request via the Web at ments constitute an extension of the copy-
http://www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you right notice.
Gale and Design ™ and Thomson Learning™ may download our Permissions Request form
are trademarks used herein under license. and submit your request by fax or mail to: While every effort has been made to
ensure the reliability of the information pre-
For more information, contact Permissions Department sented in this publication, The Gale Group,
The Gale Group, Inc. The Gale Group, Inc. Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the
27500 Drake Road 27500 Drake Road data contained herein. The Gale Group, Inc.
Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 accepts no payment for listing, and inclusion
Or visit our Internet site at Permissions hotline: in the publication of any organization,
http://www.gale.com 248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253, ext. 8006 agency, institution, publication, service, or
Fax: [phone] or 800-762-4058 individual does not imply endorsement of the
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED editors or publisher. Errors brought to the
No part of this work covered by the copyright attention of the publisher and verified to the
hereon may be reproduced or used in any satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected
form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or in future editions.
mechanical, including photocopying, record-
ing, taping, Web distribution, or information
storage retrieval systems—without the written
permission of the publisher.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Gale encyclopedia of mental disorders/ Ellen Thackery, editor.
v. < >p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7876-5768-9 (set) hc—ISBN 0-7876-5769-7 (vol. 1)—
ISBN 0-7876-5770-0 (vol. 2)
1. Psychiatry—Encyclopedias. 2. Mental illness—Encyclopedias.
I. Title: Encyclopedia of mental disorders. II. Thackery, Ellen, 1972-
RC437 .G35 2002
616.89’003—dc21 2002023257
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
Topic List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Advisory Board . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Entries
Volume 1: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Volume 2: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
Symptoms List . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057
General Index . . . . . . . . . . . . 1100
GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MENTAL DISORDERS v
TOPIC LIST
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Case management
A disorder Catatonia
Autism
Abnormal Involuntary Movement Catatonic disorders
Aversion therapy
Scale Chamomile
Avoidant personality disorder
Abuse Child Depression Inventory
Acupuncture Childhood disintegrative disorder
Acute stress disorder Children’s Apperception Test
B
Addiction Chloral hydrate
Adjustment disorder Barbiturates Chlordiazepoxide
Advance directives Beck Depression Inventory Chlorpromazine
Affect Behavior modification Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
Bender Gestalt Test
Agoraphobia Citalopram
Benztropine
Clinical Assessment Scales for the
Alcohol and related disorders
Beta blockers Elderly
Alprazolam
Bibliotherapy Clomipramine
Alzheimer’s disease
Binge eating Clonazepam
Amantadine
Biofeedback Clonidine
Amitriptyline
Biperiden Clorazepate
Amnesia
Bipolar disorder Clozapine
Amnestic disorders
Bipolar disorders
Cocaine and related disorders
Amoxapine
Body dysmorphic disorder
Cognistat
Amphetamines Bodywork therapies
Cognitive problem-solving skills
Amphetamines and related Borderline personality disorder training
disorders
Brain Cognitive remediation
Anorexia nervosa
Breathing-related sleep disorder Cognitive retraining
Anti-anxiety drugs and abuse Brief psychotic disorder Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Antisocial personality disorder Bulimia nervosa Communication skills and
Anxiety and anxiety disorders Bupropion disorders
Anxiety reduction techniques Buspirone Community mental health
Apathy Compliance
Appetite suppressants Compulsion
C
Aromatherapy Computed tomography
Asperger’s disorder Caffeine-related disorders Conduct disorder
Assertiveness training Cannabis and related disorders Conners’Rating Scales-Revised
Assessment and diagnosis Carbamazepine Conversion disorder
GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MENTAL DISORDERS vii
Gestalt therapy
t Couples therapy
s
Li E Ginkgo biloba
c Covert sensitization
opi Creative therapies Electroconvulsive therapy Ginseng
T Grief
Crisis housing Electroencephalography
Grief counseling
Crisis intervention Elimination disorders
Cyclothymic disorder Encopresis Group homes
Energy therapies Group therapy
Enuresis Guided imagery therapy
D Erectile dysfunction
Estazolam
Deinstitutionalization
Evening primrose oil H
Delirium
Executive function
Delusional disorder Hallucinations
Exhibitionism
Delusions Hallucinogens and related
Exposure treatment
disorders
Dementia
Expressive language disorder
Haloperidol
Denial
Halstead-Reitan Battery
Dependent personality disorder
Hamilton Anxiety Scale
Depersonalization F
Hamilton Depression Scale
Depersonalization disorder
Factitious disorder
Hare Psychopathy Checklist
Depression and depressive
Family education
disorders Historical, Clinical, Risk
Family psychoeducation
Desipramine Management-20
Family therapy
Detoxification Histrionic personality disorder
Fatigue
Developmental coordination Homelessness
Feeding disorder of infancy or
disorder Hospitalization
early childhood
Diagnosis House-tree-person test
Female orgasmic disorder
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Hypersomnia
Female sexual arousal disorder
of Mental Disorders
Fetishism Hypnotherapy
Diazepam
Figure drawings Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Diets
Fluoxetine Hypochondriasis
Diphenhydramine
Fluphenazine
Disease concept of chemical
Flurazepam
dependency
Fluvoxamine I
Disorder of written expression
Frotteurism
Imaging studies
Dissociation and dissociative
disorders Imipramine
Dissociative amnesia G Impulse-control disorders
Dissociative fugue Informed consent
Gabapentin
Dissociative identity disorder Inhalants and related disorders
Galantamine
Disulfiram Insomnia
Ganser’s syndrome
Divalproex sodium Intelligence tests
Gender identity disorder
Donepezil Intermittent explosive disorder
Gender issues in mental health
Doxepin Internet addiction disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Dual diagnosis Interpersonal therapy
Genetic factors and mental
Dyspareunia disorders Intervention
Dysthymic disorder Geriatric Depression Scale Involuntary hospitalization
viii GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MENTAL DISORDERS
Mixed receptive-expressive Paroxetine T
o
K language disorder Passionflower pic
Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Modeling Pathological gambling disorder Lis
Intelligence Test Molindone Pedophilia t
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Movement disorders Peer groups
Children Multisystemic therapy Pemoline
Kaufman Short Neurological Perphenazine
Assessment Procedure
Person-centered therapy
Kava kava N
Personality disorders
Kleptomania
Naltrexone Pervasive developmental disorders
Narcissistic personality disorder Phencyclidine and related disorders
Narcolepsy Phenelzine
L
Nefazodone Phonological disorder
Lamotrigine Negative symptoms Pica
Lavender Neglect Pimozide
Learning disorders Neuropsychological testing Play therapy
Light therapy Neurosis Polysomnography
Lithium carbonate Neurotransmitters Polysubstance dependence
Lorazepam Nicotine and related disorders Positive symptoms
Loxapine Nightmare disorder Positron emission tomography
Luria-Nebraska Nortriptyline Post-traumatic stress disorder
Neuropsychological Battery Nutrition and mental health Postpartum depression
Nutrition counseling Premature ejaculation
Propranolol
M Protriptyline
O
Pseudocyesis
Magnetic resonance imaging
Psychiatrist
Major depressive disorder Obesity
Psychoanalysis
Male orgasmic disorder Obsession
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Malingering Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Psychologist
Managed care Obsessive-compulsive personality
disorder Psychosis
Manic episode
Olanzapine Psychosurgery
Maprotiline
Opioids and related disorders Psychotherapy
Marital and family therapists
Oppositional defiant disorder Psychotherapy integration
Mathematics disorder
Origin of mental illnesses Pyromania
Medication-induced movement
disorders Oxazepam
Meditation
Q
Mental retardation
P
Mesoridazine Quazepam
Methadone Pain disorder Quetiapine
Methylphenidate Panic attack
Mini-mental state examination Panic disorder
R
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Paranoia
Inventory Paranoid personality disorder Rational emotive therapy
Mirtazapine Paraphilias Reactive attachment disorder of
Mixed episode Parent management training infancy or early childhood
GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MENTAL DISORDERS ix
t Reading disorder Social skills training Trichotillomania
s
Li
c Reinforcement Social workers Trifluoperazine
pi Relapse and relapse prevention Somatization and somatoform Trihexyphenidyl
o
T disorders
Respite Trimipramine
Somatization disorder
Rett’s disorder
Specific phobias
Risperidone
Rivastigmine Speech-language pathology U
St. John’s wort
Rorschach technique
Undifferentiated somatoform
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Rosemary disorder
Stereotypic movement disorder
Rumination disorder Urine drug screening
Stigma
Stress
S Stroke V
Stuttering
SAMe Vaginismus
Substance abuse and related
Schizoaffective disorder disorders Valerian
Schizoid personality disorder Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Valproic acid
Schizophrenia Inventory Vascular dementia
Schizophreniform disorder Substance-induced anxiety disorder Venlafaxine
Schizotypal personality disorder Substance-induced psychotic Vocational rehabilitation
Seasonal affective disorder disorder
Voyeurism
Sedatives and related disorders Suicide
Seizures Support groups
Selective mutism Systematic desensitization W
Self-control strategies
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Self-help groups
T Wechsler Intelligence Scale for
Separation anxiety disorder
Children
Sertraline Tacrine
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Sexual aversion disorder Talk therapy
Wide Range Achievement Test
Sexual dysfunctions Tardive dyskinesia
Sexual masochism Temazepam
Sexual sadism Thematic Apperception Test Y
Sexual Violence Risk-20 Thioridazine
Yoga
Shared psychotic disorder Thiothixene
Single photon emission computed Tic disorders
tomography Token economy system
Z
Sleep disorders Transvestic fetishism
Sleep terror disorder Tranylcypromine Zaleplon
Sleepwalking disorder Trazodone Ziprasidone
Social phobia Triazolam Zolpidem
x GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MENTAL DISORDERS
PLEASE READ—IMPORTANT INFORMATION
The Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disordersis a medical kind, including without limitation, warranties of mer-
reference product designed to inform and educate read- chantability or fitness for a particular purpose, nor does
ers about a wide variety of mental disorders, diagnostic it guarantee the accuracy, comprehensiveness, or timeli-
techniques and tests, therapies, and psychiatric medica- ness of the information contained in this product. Read-
tions. The Gale Group believes the product to be com- ers should be aware that the universe of medical knowl-
prehensive, but not necessarily definitive. It is intended edge is constantly growing and changing, and that dif-
to supplement, not replace, consultation with a physician ferences of medical opinion exist among authorities.
or other health care practitioner. While the Gale Group Readers are also advised to seek professional diagnosis
has made substantial efforts to provide information that and treatment of any medical condition, and to discuss
is accurate, comprehensive, and up-to-date, the Gale information obtained from this book with their health
Group makes no representations or warranties of any care provider.
GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MENTAL DISORDERS xi