Table Of ContentThe G8–G20 RelaTionship in Global GoveRnance
G G
lobal overnance
Series editor: John J. Kirton, University of Toronto, Canada
Global governance is growing rapidly to meet the compounding challenges brought by a
globalized twenty-first-century world. Many issues once dealt with largely at the local, national
or regional level are now going global, in the economic, social and political-security domains.
In response, new and renewed intergovernmental institutions are arising and adapting,
multilevel governance is expanding, and sub-national actors play a greater role, and create
complex combinations and private-partnerships to this end.
This series focuses on the new dynamics of global governance in the twenty-first century by:
• Addressing the changes in the structure, operation and impact of individual inter-
governmental institutions, above all their innovative responses to the growing
global challenges they confront.
• Exploring how they affect, are affected by and relate to non-state actors of global
relevance and reach.
• Examining the processes of co-operation, competition and convergence among
international institutions and the many global governance gaps where global
challenges such as terrorism, transnational crime and energy do not confront
powerful international institutions devoted to their control.
• Dealing with how global institutions govern the links among key issues such as
climate change and health.
In all cases, it focuses on the central questions of how global governance institutions and
processes generate the effective, legitimate, accountable results required to govern today’s
interconnected, complex, uncertain, crisis-ridden world.
Forthcoming titles in the series:
Local Politics, Global Impacts
Steps to a Multi-disciplinary Analysis of Scales
Edited by Olivier Charnoz, Virginie Diaz Pedregal and Alan L. Kolata
Shaping a New Global Development Consensus
The G20 Contribution and the UN Post-2015 Framework
Edited by Dries Lesage, Peter Debaere and Jan Wouters
Hegemony, Passive Revolution and Globalisation
The G7/8 System
leonardo Ramos
The G8–G20 Relationship in
Global Governance
Edited by
MArInA LArIOnOVA
National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
JOhn J. KIrTOn
University of Toronto, Canada
© Marina Larionova and John J. Kirton 2015
All rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior
permission of the publisher.
Marina Larionova and John J. Kirton have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act,
1988, to be identified as the editors of this work.
published by
ashgate publishing limited ashgate publishing company
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Union road Suite 3-1
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www.ashgate.com
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The G8-G20 relationship in global governance / [edited by] Marina Larionova and John J Kirton.
pages cm. -- (Global governance)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBn 978-1-4094-3918-9 (hardback) -- ISBn 978-1-4094-3919-6 (ebook) -- ISBn 978-1-4724-0203-5
(epub) 1. Group of Eight (Organization) 2. Group of Twenty. 3. International economic relations. 4.
International organization. 5. Economic policy--International cooperation. 6. Economic assistance. I.
Larionova, Marina, editor. II. Kirton, John J., editor.
hF1359.G4 2015
337--dc23
2015004259
ISBn 9781409439189 (hbk)
ISBn 9781409439196 (ebk – PDF)
ISBn 9781472402035 (ebk – ePUB)
Printed in the United Kingdom by henry Ling Limited,
at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, DT1 1hD
Contents
List of Figures vii
List of Tables and Appendices ix
Notes on Contributors xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xvii
Part I IntroductIon
1 Introduction 3
John J. Kirton and Marina V. Larionova
Part II archItecture
2 Changing Global Governance for a Transformed World 15
John J. Kirton
3 The G7/8 and G20: Parallel Paths to Pragmatic Partnership 35
Dries Lesage
4 A World without G20 Summits 45
Martin Gilman
5 Global Risk Governance and G20, G8, and BRICS Capabilities 55
Marina V. Larionova, Mark Rakhmangulov, Andrei Sakharov,
Andrey Shelepov, and Vitaly Nagornov
Part III achIevements
6 Assessing G7/8 and G20 Effectiveness in Global Governance 77
Marina V. Larionova, Mark Rakhmangulov, and Andrey Shelepov
7 Working Together for G8–G20 Partnership:
The Muskoka-Toronto Twin Summits of 2010 109
John J. Kirton
The G8–G20 RelaTionship in Global GoveRnanCe
8 G20: From Crisis Management to Policies for Growth 123
Zia Qureshi
9 B20–G20 Engagement: Achievements and Challenges 143
Marina V. Larionova, Mark Rakhmangulov, Andrei Sakharov,
and Andrey Shelepov
Part Iv accountabIlIty
10 The Muskoka Accountability Report: Assessing the Written Record 183
Ella Kokotsis
11 G7/8 and G20 Accountability and Civil Society 201
Peter I. Hajnal
12 Mapping G7/8 and G20 Accountability 233
Marina V. Larionova and Andrei Sakharov
13 Advancing G8 and G20 Effectiveness through Improved
Accountability Assessment 241
John J. Kirton
Part v conclusIon
14 Conclusion 255
John J. Kirton
Bibliography 265
Index 281
vi
List of Figures
5.1 Global risks map 58
5.2 G20 global risks map 60
5.3 G7/8 global risks map 62
5.4 BRICS global risks map 64
5.5 Map of G20, G7/8, and BRICS global risks and priorities 66
6.1 G8 and G20 global governance functions, 1998–2013 79
6.2 G8 and G20 deliberation, 1998–2013 80
6.3 G8 and G20 direction setting, 1998–2013 81
6.4 G8 and G20 decision making, 1998–2013 82
6.5 G8 and G20 delivery, 1998–2013 83
6.6 G8 and G20 development of global governance, 1998–2013 85
6.7 G8 and G20 mandates, 2008–13 86
6.8 G8 and G20 commitments, 1998–2013 87
6.9 G8 and G20 compliance, 1998–2012 87
6.10 G20 compliance, 2008–12 88
6.11 G20 priorities, 2008–13 89
6.12 G8 priorities, 2008–13 90
6.13 G8 and G20 priorities, 2008–13 91
6.14 G8 and G20 references to the economy, 1998–2013 92
6.15 G8 and G20 references to finance, 1998–2013 93
6.16 G8 and G20 references to trade, 1998–2013 94
6.17 G8 and G20 references to energy, 1998–2013 95
6.18 G8 and G20 references to the environment and climate change, 1998–2013 97
6.19 G8 and G20 references to development, 1998–2013 99
6.20 G8 and G20 references to political issues, 1998–2013 100
6.21 G8 and G20 references to security, 1998–2013 101
6.22 G8 and G20 references to international organizations, 1998–2013 103
6.23 Top 10 international organizations in G8 documents, 2008–13 104
6.24 Top 10 international organizations in G20 documents, 2008–13 105
8.1 Government debt relative to gross domestic product 125
8.2 Middle-income traps 127
8.3 Ease of doing business: Distance to frontier, 2005–12 128
8.4 Ease of doing business: Distance to frontier in component areas, 2012 129
8.5 Major constraints to business, as reported by firms 130
8.6 Infrastructure investment, global growth and balancing 131
The G8–G20 ReLaTionship in GLobaL GoveRnance
8.7 Three-layered approach to job creation 133
8.8 Labour policies off the efficiency plateau in India 134
8.9 Rising protectionism 135
8.10 G20 trade measures, 2008–12 136
8.11 Increasing use of less transparent trade restrictions 137
8.12 Environmentally harmful subsidies 138
9.1 Recommendations on financial regulation 149
9.2 Recommendations on macroeconomic issues 152
9.3 Recommendations on food security 154
9.4 Recommendations on trade 155
9.5 Recommendations on investment 157
9.6 Recommendations on infrastructure 161
9.7 Recommendations on employment, human capital and social issues 162
9.8 Recommendations on green growth 165
9.9 Recommendations on ICT, technology, and innovation 167
9.10 Recommendations on energy 168
9.11 Recommendations on corruption 170
9.12 Recommendations on financing for development 172
9.13 Recommendations on global governance 174
12.1 Mapping G8 and G20 accountability reports 234
viii
List of Tables and Appendices
Tables
9.1 B20 recommendations (by issue area and summit) 146
9.2 Recommendation scores (by summit) 147
9.3 Recommendation scores (by issue area) 147
Appendices
2.A G20 members in plurilateral summit institutions 28
2.B G8 summit performance, 1975–2013 29
2.C G20 summit performance, 2008–13 32
2.D BRICS performance, 2009–13 33
5.A Assessments of global risk importance in G20, G8, and BRICS documents 69
5.B Global risks: Descriptions and expert assessments, 2012 71
9.A B20 task forces, 2010–13 178
9.B 2013 task force priorities by summit 179
10.A G7/8 communiqué conclusions on development, 1975–2012 195
10.B G7/8 development commitments, 1975–2013 196
10.C G8 research group compliance, 2010–2012 197
