Table Of ContentTHEF RENCDHE SCENINTT O
RENAISSAINATCL EY
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ThFer enDcehs ciennRtteo n aissance Italy
1494-95
AnteceadnEedfn ftesc ts
edibtye d
DavAibdo lafia
ReadieMnre diterHrisatnoetryahU neni inv eorfCs aimtyb ridge
anFde lolfGo own vainlCdla eiC uosl lege
VARIORUM
1995
Copyrigh©t 1 99D5a vAibdu laanficdao ntributors.
Alrli grehstesrv eNdo.p aortf t hpiusb limcaaybt ei on
reprodsutcoeinred d,rea t riseyvsatloe rtm ran,s miint ted
anyfo rm orb ya nym eanesl,e ctmreocnhiacn,i cal,
photocroepcioerdod,roe tdh,e rwwiisteh tohupetr ior
permissoifto hpneu blisher.
Publbiysh eVdA RIORUM
AshgPuabtlei sLhiimnigt ed
GowHeoru Csreo,Rf ota d
AlderHsahmoptsG,hU i1l3r HeR
GreaBtr itain
AshgPautbel iCsohmipnagn y
OlPdo Rsota d
BrookVfieermlod0n,5t 0 36-9704
USA
0-86078-550-5
BritLiisbhrC aartya loignPu uibnlgi Dcaattai on
FreDnecshc ienRnteton aiIstsaa1ln4yc9,e4 -95:
AntecaendEdeff netcst s
IA.bulDaafivai,d
945.05
USL ibroafCr oyn gCraetsasl ionPg uibnlgi Dcaattai on
FreDnecshc ienRnteton aiIstsaa1ln4yc9,e4 -95:
AntecaendEdeff net/ces td si btye dD Aabvuilda fia
p.cm.I ncliunddeesx .
ISB0N- 86078-550-5
1I.taly-HistoofCr hya-rvElxmep1,se4 d9 i4t-i9o6n.
2F.rance-Hisvtmo1r,4y8 -3CI-Ah.9ba 8ur.ll Daeafsvi iad,.
DG541.1F7949 5
945'.06-dc20 95-34786
CIP
Ths biooikps r ionnta ecfrdie dep aper.
Printeda nbduo nd byA thenParsee,sLum t .d,
GatesThyen&aeW d e,a r.
Contents
Pre face vii
Liosfat b breviations X
Liosfmt a pasni dl lustrations xi
Liosfct o ntributors xii
DavAibdu laInfitar,o dufrcotmFi eorrnaI:tn Cothe a rVlIeIIs 1
ParIt: Anteocfte hFdere ennitcnshv aosf1i 4o9n4 -95
GeorPgeeysr oTnhndeei ts,ot rainogtfti hnIest awlairasn:
poliretliactbeaitlow neFser na anncIdet ailtnyh e
fourteaenfndit fht ceeennttuhr ies 29
AlaRny dTehrA,en gebvifoidrnN apl1e3s8,0 -1480 55
DavAibdu lafiTahi,en ceopftt hireoe nio gfKn i nFge rraIon ftN ea ples:
theev eonfst usm m1e4r5i 8tn h lei ogfhd to cumentation
fromM ilan 71
VincIelnatTr odwia,tr hTders a gde'dIitFaae lrriaan:tG ea laenadz zo
MarSifoarz far,i eenndelmayin hedos s atlilliee s 91
/:'Sv.eW leylnBc he,t wMeielnaa nnNd a pllepsp:oM lairStifoaar za,
duchoefCs asl abria 123
llumfBruetyt Tehrpeso ,l iotpfi rcost eiclnta fiitfoetn e enth-
centIutraFyll yo:rea nnctdeh fa ei lSeide neexsiel es'
ploofMt a 1y4 85 137
MichMaaelllP eetrts,o naanpldri etsisIeutsra ielnsiv:ao nl vement
itnh Fer einncvha osf1i 4o9n4 151
TreDveoarCn o,u arnhtdo useihnFo elrdr1 a4r9a4, 165
vi
ParIIt:T hFer enicnhv aosf1i 4o9n4 -95
CecHi.Cl l ouTghhRe,o macganmap oafi1 4g9na4 s :i gnificant
milietnacroyu nter 191
David ChaFmrbaenrcIsGeI,os nczoma agraq,ou fMi asn tua,
'Liboefrlatatloyr' 217
JoBella ncPhoalridat,n icdcu allti umrpalli ocfsa etciroenst
diploCmoamcmyy:an neFdse rirtnahr leai oghft
unpubdloicsuhmeedn ts 231
ChriSshtaiTwnh,eRe o mbaanr aonnthdse F rednecshci enIntttoa ly2 49
SimPoenp pCears,at nlcdea sn nitonhn N ea pclaemsp oafi gn
1494-95 263
CarKoild wVeelnli,thc eFe r,e innvcahs ainotdnh A ep ulian po2r9t5s
ParItIR Ie:a catniedoff ne cts
AV..A ntono'vsIielcm sqb,ulc eees oliuatn v rPaair adis
terrCehsatrVrelI'eII:cs' o sn qoufNe asptal neds
thFer eRnecnha issance 311
EleSnaik ellIanrsitoiuat,nus dto iccoionanaltl i intnuh iet ies
kingodfNo amp beltewse 1e4n4a 3n1 d5 28 327
DavLiadv eMna,c hiiatvaellailnaitnd,hiF etr ae nch oif1n 4v9a4s i3o55n
PaoMlaor ga'rTorlaiLi,ot mrbeatsrh edexi p'e:d oifCt hiaorVnlII eIs
itnh Leo mbsaorudru cpte those m id-sicxetneteunrthy 371
GiorCghiiot tMoilliatnnihfa ,eci oenft hIet awlair(as1n 4 94-1535):
betwetehcner iosfti hsset aanttdeh a ef firmoafut riboann
autonomy 391
Appendix
Indoefmx i croofinIl tmasdl iipalnoh miastt1io4cr5 y4i,-tn 9h 4e,
Ilardi caothtle Sl teecrtliionnYg a lULeni ibvryea rrsyi,t 405
GeneIrnadle x 487
Preface
Recyeenathr asvs ee eapn r olifoefcr oamtmieomnoc roantfievmreean rckeisn g
thaen nivoeftr hsfaealo rlfGy r antahdeeax ,p uolfsti hJoeen wfr so mS patihne,
Europdeiasnc oovfAe mreyr aillci an1, 4 9o2r;m, o rreec entthlbeyi ,ro thf
FredIIeo rfHi ochke nsatttah euenfe odnf1 19h4abe se nc elebbrysa omt aendy
confearneednv ceethrnsot usg hSoiucatin ltdyh r ee osfIt ta lthaytt h peu blished
collecptriovgeri ansme maeanr ilnythc ihc Ikmt.a tyh suese smu rprtihsaitn g
ane veinntt h hei stoofsr oyu thIetrna ilnyd,ie netd hw eh ohlies tooftr hye
peninasnoudfEl uar oapsme u,c dhe baatste hdFe r enicnhv aosfIi taolinyn
1494h-a5bes s tilrirtectdol mem einn1t 9 94a-n5hd a gsi vreints oen o
confeornet nhscece aoslfs e e veofrat lh ocsoen cewrniettdhhe e v eonf1t 4s9 2.
Perhianpdsei,eit dso , n lwyi sneot toa llthoewi nteorefhs itsst otrobei ans
guibdyee dp hemceormamle morSautceihvo en(nsnt.os t thaeannb ilvye rosfa ry
thee nodft hSee coWnodrW ladrh )a vteh esiirg niifintc hapenu cbedl oimca in,
butth ocsoen cewrnietmdho rere mottiem measyn o rte fltehcpetr edominant
inteorfhe isstt ioonru ioraw ndnsa y.
Stiiilthsl a ,tr foodr gtheewt o rodfFs r ancGeusiccoc iwahriodn isniis,t ed
ont hceo ntbertawsette hnpee a caen pdr osptehr'eid teys,ic roanbdliet ion',
'hasptpay't ter'a,n qoufIi tallalyri otun1yd4' 9a 0n tdh dei sasetvreoonufts s
149'4ma,o sutn haypepafoyrr I taanldyt ,r utlhbeyeg innoiftn hygee aorfs
wretchmeadrnketishsnsetg' oa ,fra l t e ngstheyro ifie nsv asThieofo ncsuo.sf
thbiosoi kts h fier osftt h ien vasthiaootfKn isnC,gh arVlIIeoIsfF ranwchei,c h
culmiinntha etfa elodlfN aplienFs e bru1a4r9ya5 n thde re troeuaottfI taly,
itsmealrfkb eytd hm eu cdhe babtaetodtfF l oern ovYoei.twt i bel ls eefnr om
thbiosot khC ahta rilnevsac'sa inosnnio mtbep lsye eanst hset oafrac t y cilte ;
waasl isnom anwya ytshe en odfa notchyecsrli ent,ch Feere nckhi ncga me
inIttoaa lsty hh ee tiotr h cel aoiftm hshe o uosfAe n jou-Pwrhoivhceahnd c e,
beepne rsiasstseenirtttilrsnyi g gt hott h throen eo fN aplseeisz,be ydt he
Aragoinnte hs1ee4 40N'ose .x ciusseth usn eedfoertd h pere seinntc hei s
voluomfse t udoifte hAsen gecvliantim oN aplneoosrf,th ere igonfK ing
FerroafNn atpele evseth,no uhgehd iaef de mwo nthbesfo rCeh arilnevsa's ion
forbceegi atlnso tnregk .
viPiria ecfe
Thboiosk i thse o utcoofamf ee eliinwnh giI,ch ha vbeee ne nergetically
suppobrytht eec do ntritbhutathtowi rossu be,l da g oomdo metnobt r ing
togeat sheerroi fea srt icolnea ss peocftt hsFe re ncihn vaasnidio tns
anteceThdeea nithmsa q.su idteel ibebreaettneoc l oym bsiunrveae rtyi cles,
sucahst hoantt hlei nbkest wtehFeeren nccrho awnnId t ableyfo1 re4 9a4n,d
mored etasitlueoddfpi aertsi mcoumleaanrnt idss suIiettss h .hu osp theadtt h is
boowkibe l olfv altutoeh owsheao r ienn e eodfa ni ntrotdtouh cietn itorni cate
compleoxfIi tatlidieiaspn l oimnta hcleya f tief tceeennttwuhhr iiylit,eas lso
intetnosd aetdti hsofwsyie s htiosn esgeo moeft hree soufml otdse rrne search
int hairesn Iaht.a resc enbetelnoy b sebryGv eeodr Hgoel mtehasap ta rticular
strenogfmt ohd eBrnr ithiissht orioofRg ernaapihsIyst aahnlacbeysee nt he
stuodfthy e p olihtiisctoaoflQr uya ttrIotcaealnnyttd,oh a iresa i sw ell
represbeunattt te hdse;am et imeeff orhtasvbe ee nm adteo i nclude
contriobntu hcteui lotnausnir dna slt ihtiustotifthoo ernpy ae lr ainoadds ,p ecial
welcioasml ees xot etnsode evdde riaslt inFgrueinIscthhaea,ldn iAm dae nr ican
contriAbnuottaohirehmsra .be s e nt or epreMsielnNatan p,al neadsfe wl esser
cenrtaretmsho erfurel ltyh haanbes e nt hcea isnse e vecroalll eocfet sisoanyss
aboIuttai lnty h piesr iwohdea,ren u ndersthaenaedvmaypb hlhayas besie sn
laoindF lorVeenncieancd,t e h pea patchyo,ut ghhet soaeore r epresbeyn ted
importcanotn tribFuotritoutnnosat.oth ,eael p yp,e airn1a 9n9co4efR iccardo
Fubinmia'gsi sctoelrlieaoclfet sisooanny I st aQluaitat roc(eMnitleasnc:a
FrancoAnhgamesel aitn)ht aa s te cguurei tdote h dei plopmoastiiotcfi on
Florewnictelh aiftnie f teenIttahil-nsyco erewna tduairhtlya y n d.
Witthhi en teonfmt aikoitnnh bgio soi kna tre os eatrocoohfpl e rmanent
valau lee,n gatphpye nhdabeisex n i nclcuodnetda ainni inndtgeo xt he
remarkcaobllleeo cfmt iicornoa ftti hlmSest erLliibnrYgaa rlUyen, i versity.
Thciosl lewcabtsui uioplbn ty V incIelnawtrh doins,ae m iert i gchatrlrayin eds ,
covtehrmesa teforrit ahhleis s otfoI rtyad liipanl oimntha eac ryc hoifIv teasl y
anmda noyt hceoru ntIrctia been su .s endos ti mapsla yni ndteotx h Iel ardi
collebcuattsia g o uni,td ote h ree leavracnhmtia vtaelir nMi iallMa ond,e na,
FlortheenVc aet,ia cnamdna noyt hpelra cieitss ag; re aptl eatsotu hrea nk
ProfIleassrnodorimt e relfoyrh iksi npde rmis(stioognwe itththh aeotrft he
SterLliibnrgta our syte)h miast ebruiatal lsfo,or h iesn thufrsoimat shme
earlsitaegsoetfst hpel anoniftn hgboi osk a,n dfo rh imsa nhye lpful
suggesStiinoctnehsrea. an reka sl dsuote oD rA .VA.n tonaonvtdiot c hse
SocifeotRrye naisSstaundfocireet sh eriorli ent hoer ganiosfaa tion
colloiqnuC iaummb rdiedvgoett ote hdFe re ncihn vaisniM oanr c1h9; 9 5
seveorfta hcleo ntrtiobth uivtsoo lruwsme erp ere seanndst p oakbeo euitth er
thweo rpkre sehnetoreroed t htehre mTehsce.o lloqaunisdume veerxaple nses
arisfrionmtg h pere paroaftt ihboionso wke rseu ppofritneadnb cythi ea lly
MasatneFdre lloofGw osn vainlCdla eiC uosl lCeagmeb,r aindidgwt ea t;sh ere
thaMtr sE dnPai lemxepre prtrelpya arc eodm pmlaneuxs cforrith epp tre ss.
Prefaixc e
SandSrmait trha nsGleaotrPegedey sr oanrntefritoc'mlst e hF er enIca hm;
respofonrst ihtberl aen sflraoItmti aoolnftis ha aenrt icblyGe iso rCghiiot tolini
anPda oMlaor gaTrhoselk ie.mt acphos fI tailn1y 4 9a2no dft hPea pSatla te
wered rabwyKn . CJ.o rfodraA ntt hCeo uorftt h Beo rgais ae,l efrcotmti hoen
diaorfJy o haBnnu rcheadridat netddr ansblyGa etoeffdreP ya rkaenrd,
publibsyth hFeeod l Siooc iLettdLy.o ,n dtoown h,i Ica hmv ergyr atfoerfu l
kipnedrm istsorei porno dcuocpheie eresJ. o hSnm edlleeyv'esl -shuepapdoerdt
anadd vaiscp eu blhiasbeshe enir n valtuharboluewg ihtohuhotihu;set lt ph,i s
procjoeucnltod ht a vmeet th dee adolfpi unbel iicnta htyeie otanhr N aatp les
fetltolh F er ench.
DavAibdo lafia
GonvainlCdla ei Cuosl lCeagmeb,r idge
Liosfat b breviations
Notaer:c hrievfaelre pnacrteisc,tu hloatsromel a yt eirnMi iallare nfl,ea c t
varoifep trya ctsiocmaeeus th;op rrset feoor f fmeorred etarielfeerednt cheans
otheTrhasei. hm e hraebes e nt oe nsculrea rraittthyhe aarbn s oclountsei stency.
Staatrec hives
ASF ArchdiSivt iaoFtl oo,re nce
ASFe ArchdiSivt iaoFt eor,r ara
ASMa ArchdiSivt iaoMt aon,t ua
AG ArchGiovnizoa ga
ASMi ArchdiSivt iaoMt iol,a n
SCSIf orzeCsacrot Iengtgeimoo
SPES forzPeostceEons ztee re
ASMo ArchdiSivt iaoMt ood,e na
ASEA mbA.r chSievgirEoes ttoeC nasret,e ggio
Ambasciatori
ASS ArchdiSivt iaoSt ioe,n a
ASV ArchdiSivt iaoVt eon,i ce
Othearr chives
AOrsiAnric hCiavpiiot RoolmiAenr,oc ,hO irvsiion i
