The Foreign Service Journal, July 1940

64 Pages·2016·3.55 MB·English

9L AMERICAN
FOREIGN SERVICE
JOURNAL
VOL. 17, NO. 7 JULY, 1940
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This is what we call
FOREIGN SERVICE!
• After checking up, frankly, we were surprised that our staff of
interpreters master no fewer than 22 languages, including Esperanto.
This is just another reason why the men and women in the Foreign
Service experience no hesitancy about sending us their New York-
bound friends and acquaintances.
The Hotel New Yorker has long been Foreign Service Headquarters
in New York because of its convenient location—handy to every¬
thing you want to see or do in this fascinating town of ours. Make
it your home when you are again on leave in New York.
This is the nearest large hotel to all the principal piers and is con¬
nected by private tunnel to Pennsylvania Station. Four popular
priced restaurants. Ten minutes, ten cents to the New York
World’s Fair Grounds.
★
2500 Rooms from $3.50
Hotel NEW YORKER
34TH STREET AT EIGHTH AVENUE, NEW YORK
Frank L. Andrews, President Leo A. Molony, Manager
CONTENTS
JULY, 1940
For Prize Contest Notice
See Page 368
Cover Picture
Yugoslav Musicians
(See also page 408)
Yugoslavia, Crossroad of the Balkans
By Robert Coe 361
Vice Consul John R. Coryell, Creator of
Nick Carter
By Paul H. Manning 366
Press Comment 368
Letter 368
Law Enforcement in the Business World
Genera! Motors has a car to fit your purse
By Edward Dumbauld 369
and purpose. Our overseas organization is
Athens, poem 371
ready to show you the way to better motor¬
A Glance at Protocol
By Stanley Woodward 372 ing through world-wide sales and service of
The Wild Men of Borneo
By Monnett B. Davis 374 CHEVROLET
Editors’ Column PONTIAC OLDSMOBILE
Foreign Service Legislation 378
News from the Department BUICK LA SALLE
By Reginald P. Mitchell 379
CADILLAC CMC TRUCKS
News from the Field 382
The Bookshelf
J. Rives Childs. Revieiv Editor 384 Dealers in principal cities throughout the
Frederick Wollaston, First U. S. Consul at Genoa 386 world. Factory sales and service at
The Secretary Receives the Foreign Service School
By Niles W. Bond and Richard H. Hawkins 388 Adelaide Melbourne
The Work of the F.S.O. Training School in the Alexandria Mexico City
Departments of Agriculture and Commerce Antwerp Osaka
By Donald W. Brown 389
Batavia Paris
Foreign Service Changes 390 Bombay Perth
Service Glimpses 391 Bienne Port Elizabeth
Photograph of the Stall of the Shanghai Buenos Aires Sao Paulo
Consulate General 392 Copenhagen Stockholm
Births 395 Lima Southampton
In Memoriam 395 Lisbon Sydney
Wellington
Visitors 415
GENERAL MOTORS OVERSEAS OPERATIONS
Issued monthly by the American Foreign Service Asso¬
ciation, Department of State, Washington, D. C. Entered
as second-class matter at the Post Office in Washington, 1775 Broadway New York City
D. C., under the act of March 3, 1879.
For fast, accurate
and reliable telegraph
service to Central
and South America
and to the West Indies,
send your messages —
via dll dmerica
ITlackay Commercial
IKadio Cables
Tostal Telegraph
THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM
Cablegrams “via All America may be
”
sent from any Postal Telegraph Office
ALL AMERICA CABLES AND RADIO,
INC.
Main Office: 67 Broad Street, New York
INDEX FOR ADVERTISERS
American Export Lines , 401 CONFIDENCE
American Security and Trust Company 393
Bacardi, Santiago de Cuba 415
Bowling Green Storage & Van Co 399
Brewood (Engravers) ■ 412 IN A NAME
Calvert School 410
Campbell, W. D. Co. 413
Cathay Hotel—Shanghai ,_j. 415
Chase National Bank 405
Fairfax Hotel „ f 413
Fessenden School, The ... _ 412
Firestone Tire & Rubber Co 360
General Motors Overseas Operations 357
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Export Co 398
Grace Line ; 408
Hay-Adams House ' 407
International Telephone & Telegraph Co. 358
Manhattan Storage & Warehouse Company 410
Mayflower Hotel 409
Metropole Hotel—Shanghai 415
Montgomery Ward 416
Moore-McCormack Lines 404 F
National City Bank 395 OR the past 73 years, America’s lead¬
National Geographic Magazine 397 ing machine and equipment builders
New England Mutual Life Insurance Co 412
New Yorker Hotel II COVER have recommended the use of Gargoyle
Industrial Lubricants.
Pacific Fisheries, Assn. of____ 413
Pan-American Airways, Inc 407 Important, too, is the fact that plant
Park Hotel—Shanghai 415
Plaza Hotel 405 engineers the world over specify Gargoyle
Lubricants for the valuable equipment
Sapp, Earle W., C.L.U 412
Savoy-Plaza Hotel 394 in their care. Today, Socony-Vacuum
Schenley Products 403 products protect leading plants in more
Sea Captains’ Shop, The 415
Security Storage Company of Washington 393 than 100 different industries!
•Sloane, W. & J. 406
Soeony-Vacuum Oil Co., Inc 359 This preference for Gargoyle Lubricants
Southern Engraving Company III COVER by technical men—builders and engi¬
Turner’s Diplomatic School 412 neers skilled in scientific machine opera¬
Tyner, Miss E. J. 413 tion — is a symbol of satisfaction in
Underwood Elliott Fisher Company , 396 Socony-Vacuum products ... of confi¬
United Fruit Company ’ 411 dence in the name,
United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company 411
United States Lines—Panama Pacific Line 394 Socony-Vacuum. This
confidence is Socony-
Waldorf-Astoria Hotel IV COVER
Westinghouse Electric International CompanyIll COVER Vacuum’s most
Woodward & Lothrop 400
valued asset.
SOCONY-VACUUM OIL CO., INC.
Please mention THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL
when writing to Advertisers.
359
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Yugoslavia, Crossroad ol the Balkans
BY ROBERT COE, Division of European Affairs
Y
UGOSLAVIA is slightly smaller than the main¬ sections which had been ruled from Vienna or Bu¬
land of Italy, and has an estimated population dapest.
of 15,000,000 persons. For the decade immediately A recognized hindrance to cooperation in the
following the last European war, the country was Balkan peninsula is the topographical structure of
known as the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and the area. Jagged mountain ranges and narrow river
Slovenes. The State erected in 1918 was composed valleys cut the fertile sections into separate units,
of the former independent Kingdoms of Serbia and often inhabited by people who are of different race
Montenegro, as well as of various components of or religion to those living in an adjacent section.
the dissolved Austro-Hungarian Empire. The new The plains and open lands are chopped up by nature
country was a political and religious mosaic, com¬ into areas considerably smaller than the larger
bining under one government Serbs, Croats, Slo¬ plains and plateaus of such countries as France or
venes, Montenegrins, Bosnians, Herzegovinians, and Germany. Yugoslavia is a typical example of this
Macedonians. These units are representations of the sort of separate grouping; for instance, the Dalma¬
Slav race which constitutes 82 per cent of the popu¬ tian coast, a narrow littoral, is isolated from the
lation. Of the principal groups, the Serbs have central area of the country by a high range of
6,500,000 million, the Croats just over 4,000,000. rugged mountains cut by a minimum of traversable
and the Slovenes 1,000,000. In addition, there are passes, and South Serbia consists of a series of deep
large minority groups: German, Hungarian, and valleys and peaks. Four fifths of the country is
Albanian. Followers of the Orthodox religion hilly and mountainous. Most of the arable land is
(Serbs and Montenegrins) represent 49 per cent of located in the basins of the Danube, Sava, and
the total population; the Catholics (Croats, Slovenes, Morava Rivers, and there is a very fertile area north
et cetera) number 38 per cent; and approximately of Belgrade and across the Danube in the Voivoi-
11 per cent of the population is Moslem. Further¬ dina, which is part of the great Hungarian plain
more, there are linguistic differences, for, although and was acquired from Hungary through the peace
they speak the same tongue, the Serbs and Monte¬ treaties. There are vast tracts of forest which sup¬
negrins write the Cyrillic script, whereas the Croats port an important timber industry. The economic
and Slovenes use the Latin alphabet. Again, cul¬ structure of Yugoslavia rests on an agricultural
tural associations have divided the country because base, and in fact 75 per cent of the population is en¬
those areas that had remained under Turkish dom¬ gaged in agriculture and forestry. Her mineral
ination until the early nineteenth century naturally deposits are vast, but these have not as yet been
had a basic outlook different from that of those more than partially developed.
361
In 1804 the first determined struggle of the Yugo¬ the people themselves, it was unsuccessful. The lack
slavs (South Slavs) for freedom from the domina¬ of coordination and effectiveness of the parliamen¬
tion of the Ottoman Empire was commenced by tary government in Yugoslavia finally induced the
the Serbs, ending in 1848 in the eventual recog¬ King to abandon the system. So bitter had been
nition by the Sublime Porte of a reigning Prince the internal political feuds that the country was
of Serbia. (The principality later became a king¬ shaken to its foundations, and the work of govern¬
dom.) During the entire nineteenth century the ing was severely handicapped. Accordingly, the
country endured a classic feud between the Kara- King decided to act, and on January 5, 1929 he
georgevic and Obrenovic dynasties, there having issued a proclamation which declared in part:
been alternative scions of each house as ruler. “Parliamentary government, which was always
Since the extinction of the latter family in 1903, my own ideal as it was of my unforgettable father,
the Karageorgevic rule has been continuous. In has been so abused by blind party passions that it
1918 the dynastic representative at the head of the prevented every useful development in the State.
newly-formed state was Prince Alexander who had It is my sacred duty to preserve the unity of the
assumed the Re¬ State by every
gency in 1914 be¬
means within my
cause of the ill¬ power. I have,
ness of his father, therefore, decid¬
King Peter I. On ed hereby to de¬
the death of the cree the Consti¬
latter in 1921, tution of 1921
the Regent was abolished. . .
crowned King; A government
he reigned until by decree ensued,
1934 when he and the King was
was assassinated able to put into
in Marseille. His effect certain
successor is King changes and re¬
Peter II, but, be¬ forms that he had
cause of his mi¬ for a long time
nority, the reins cherished. All po¬
of the Govern¬ litical parties
ment are in the were abolished,
hands of a regen¬ the judicial sys¬
cy of three, head¬ tem was unified
ed by his second and recognized,
cousin, Prince one penal code
Paul. European for the whole
dynastic ties have Courtesy Yugoslav Legation country was set
been cut across A pari of Diocletian’s Palace at Split. To the left the statue of up. the Cabinet
Bishop Gregory of I\in hy Ivan Mestrovic, well-known Yugoslav
in the past two
sculptor. minister-
or three decades ships were re¬
because of war and strife of one sort or another, but duced, and a new administrative system which dis¬
the Balkan houses continue to attach special signifi¬ carded the historic provincial frontiers was estab¬
cance to their connections. It is therefore not irrel¬ lished. Repressive measures were taken against the
evant to indicate that the Yugoslav royal family has disaffected Croatian press, and loyalty in army cir¬
close relationship with the royal houses of Great cles was demanded.
Britain, Greece, Italy, and Rumania. The new regime worked with considerable suc¬
The late King Alexander found himself in 1918 cess as the people in general were satisfied (of
at the head of a state which combined elements course the politicians were disgruntled!), and
racially desirous of freedom and of some sort of economy showed marked improvement. The new
strength and even unity; but on the other hand system was obviously transitional in character as
there was a religious and culturally heterogeneous King Alexander exhibited no tendencies to set uo
character to the structure that demanded the ut¬ an ideology of autocratic rule, and in fact in 1931
most tact and skill in administration. The demo¬ a new Constitution was proclaimed by the King.
cratic system was applied, but like many other such The executive control was vested in the monarch
formulae that are affixed from the top and not from whose instrument for governing was a Cabinet of
362
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W So Photo by Peggy Lane
Church on the Island al Bled, Yugoslavia