The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States. Section IV. The Fishermen of the United States

228 Pages·16.357 MB·English

by  Goode George B.

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UNITED STATES COMMISSION OF FISH AND FISHERIES
SPENCER F. BAIED, COMMISSIONER
THE
FISHERIES
AND
FISHERY INDUSTRIES
UNITED STATES
PREPARED THROUGH THE CO-OPERATION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES
AND THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE TENTH CENSUS
BY
GEORGE BROWN GOODE
ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF TUB SAIIIIISOXIAX INSTITUTION
AND A STAFF OF ASSOCIATES
SECTION IV
THE FISHERMEN OE THE UNITED STATES
By GEORGE BROWN GOODE am. JOSEPH \V. COLLINS
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1887

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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
A..—NATIONALITY AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. General review 5
2. The shore fishermen of Maine 10
3. The vessel fishermen of Maine 11
4. The fishermen of the Isles of Shoals 1:!
5. The Indian fishermen of New England 14
6. The British-Provincial fishermen of New England 14
7. The Irish fishermen of New England 20
8. The Scandinavian fishermen of New England 21
9. The Portuguese fishermen of New England 21
10. The negro fishermen of New England 22
11. The "Daymen" or fishermen of Long Island, N. Y 22
12. The oystermen of Maryland 23
13. The oyster-shuckers of Maryland 24
14. The fishermen of Florida 24
15. The fishermen of Mobile, Ala 27
10. The fishi i;mi n of New Orleans, I.a. 27
17. The fishermen of Texas 28
18. The American fishermen of California 29
19. The Italian fishermen of the Pacific coast 30
20. The Portuguese fishermen of the Pacific coast 31
21. The Spanish fishermen of the Pacific coast 34
22. The Greek fishermen of the Pacific coast 35
23. The Austrian fishermen of the Pacific coast 35
24. The French fishermen of the Pacific coast 35
25. Southern European fishermen of the Pacific coast 35
26. The Chinese fishermen of the Pacific coast 37
27. Miscellaneous fishermen of the Pacific coast 42
28. The Arctic whalemen from San Francisco 42
29. The fishermen of the Columbia River 42
30. The Indian fishermen of the Pacific coast 43
31. The McCloud River Indians of California 43
:;_'. The fishermen of the Great Lakes 45
P.—THE SAILOR-FISHERMEN OF NEW ENGLAND:
33. Shore education 48
34. Sea education 50
35. Mental and physical traits 53
36. Superstitions 60
37. Dialect 64
38. Literary tastes 68
39. Morals and religion 69
40. Life ashore 72
41. Life on board the vessels 74
42. Public service "9
43. costume 86
44. Food 89
45. Diseases and longevity 91
46. Financial profits 94
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4 CONTENTS.
C—OFFICERS OF VESSELS; DISCIPLINE OF THE CREW; NAVIGATION: Page.
47. Officers and discipline on fishing and whaling vessels 97
48. Navigation 102
D—DANGERS OF THE FISHERIES:
49.—Dangers to the vessels 104
50. Dangersto the fishermen 119
51. Relief for bereaved families 126
E.—MANAGEMENT OF THE VESSELS:
52. Evolutions of the fishing schooner 130
53. Amountof canvascarried 138
54. Management of disabled vessels 142
F.—APPENDIX
55. Freeman's description of Cape Cod fishermen 126
56. Autobiography of Capt. N. E. Atwood 142
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Plate. Facespage
1. Camp of shore fishermen near Cape Newagen, Maine 10
Portuguese fishermen from Azore Islands 20
2.
Portuguese whalemen from Cape Verde Islands 22
3.
4. Chinese fishing village, California 37
5. Camp of McCloud River Indian fishermen 44
6. Gloucester, Mass.; view looking west from East Gloucester 48
7. Home of shore fisherman at Cape Ann, Massachusetts 72
8. Home of haddock and mackerel fisherman at Gloucester, Mass 74
9. Fishermen's houses at Gloucester, Mass 76
10. Fishing schooner tripped by a heavy sea 109
11. Fishing schooner i.ying-to at a drag in a gale 110
12. Fishing schooner caught in an ice-floe '. 115
13. Dop.y crew caught to leeward in a squali 122
14. Seamen's Hethel and Mariner's Home, New Bedford, Mass 126
15. Fishing schooner i.ying-to in a gale, under riding sail and reefed foresaii 132
16. Fishing schooner at anchor, riding out a gale 134
17. Fishing schooner headreaciung under short sail 136
18. Fishing schooner running before the wind; scandalizing the staysaii 139
19. Mackerel schooner under full sail, with the wind abeam 112