The Fisheries and Aquaculture Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina

168 Pages·2015·3.62 MB·English

Analysis of the Fishery and Aquaculture Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina

EU funded project “Preparation of IPARD Forest and Fisheries Sector Reviews in Bosnia and
Herzegovina”

Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia
Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations

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Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Report structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Study team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 Background objectives and outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Description of the sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT FOR THE SECTOR ANALYSES IN BIH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
2.1 General information about BiH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Context and objective of the sector analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.1 General Context of the sector analyses: Preparation for EU accession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
2.2.2 Objectives of the fishery and aquaculture sector report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
2.3 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3.1 Desk research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3.2 Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3.3 Surveys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3.4 Case studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3.5 Stakeholder and key informant interviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3.6 Workshops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.4 General economic indicators for Bosnia and Herzegovina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
2.4.1 Demography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.4.2 General economic indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.4.3. Agricultural indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. THE FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE SECTOR - MAIN CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
3.1 Aquatic resources of the fishery and aquaculture sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
3.1.1 Water resources and the management of such resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
3.1.2 Fish fauna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2 Management of the fishery and aquaculture sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
3.2.1 Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2.2 Laws of the sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.2.3 Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2.4 Taxes, fees and subsidies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.2.5 Monitoring and supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.3 Structure and geographical distribution of the fishery and aquaculture sector. . . . . . . . . .27
3.3.1 Marine fishery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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3.3.2 Inland fisheries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.3.3 Aquaculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.4 Structure and organization of fisherfolk and fish producers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
3.4.1 Sport fishing associations and societies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.4.2 Fish producers' associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.5 Fish production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.5.1 Marine fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.5.2 Inland fisheries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.5.3 Aquaculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.6 Physical and human conditions of aquaculture production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
3.6.1 Use of water and the impact of farms on the environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
3.6.2 Fish farm facilities and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.6.3 Fish transport facilities at fish farms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.6.4 Fish health and veterinary services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.6.5 Employees of fish farms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.7 Fish feed production and use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.7.1 Production of fish feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.7.2 Use of fish feed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.8 Fish processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.9 Trade and marketing of fish and seafood in Bosnia and Herzegovina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
3.9.1 Export and import of fish and seafood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.9.2 Fish and seafood supply chains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.9.3 Fish and seafood prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.10 Fish and seafood consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4. GOVERNMENT POLICIES FOR THE SECTOR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.1 Overview of policy frameworks in Bosnia and Herzegovina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
4.2 Strategies regarding the fishery and aquaculture sector at state and entity level . . . . . . . .47
4.2.1 Development strategies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.2.2 Sector policies and cross-cutting policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.3 Operational programmes and measures in support of the sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
4.3.1 Support measures in the FBiH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.3.2 Support measures in RS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.3.3 Support measures in BD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.4 Institutional support for the fishery and aquaculture sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
4.4.1 Research and development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.4.2 Education and extension services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.4.3 Statistics and information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5. AGRICULTURAL LENDING AND THE FINANCIAL SECTOR IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA . . . .55
5.1 Role of the Central Bank in the lending and credit service sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
5.2 Financing through development banks of the entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
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5.3 Financing through commercial banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.4 Loans through micro credit institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.5 Loans through savings and credit organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.6 Leasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
6. LEVEL OF ATTAINMENT OF EU STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
6.1 Pre-accession strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
6.2 National programs for the adoption of the acquis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
6.2.1 Chapter 11 of the acquis - Agriculture and rural development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
6.2.2 Chapter 12 of the acquis - Food safety, veterinary and phytosanitary policy . . . . . . . . . . .59
6.2.3 Chapter 13 of the acquis - Fisheries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.2.4 Chapter 18 of the acquis - Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
6.2.5 Chapter 27 of the acquis - Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
6.3 Summary of compliance of key issues with EU standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
7. IDENTIFICATION OF SWOT AND POTENTIAL IN THE SECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
7.1 Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
7.1.1 Marine fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
7.1.2 Inland fisheries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
7.1.3 Aquaculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
7.2 SWOT recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
8. CONCLUSIONS AND IDENTIFICATION OF NEEDS IN THE SECTOR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
8.1 Necessary actions in sector administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
8.1.1 Upgrading the status of the sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
8.1.2 Improving sector administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
8.1.3 Licensing of existing and new fish farms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
8.2 Technical support and training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
8.2.1 Technical support and training to government organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
8.2.2 Technical support and training to support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
8.2.3 Technical support and training to organizations and fish farmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
8.3 Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
8.3.1 Inland fisheries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
8.3.2 Aquaculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
9. RECOMMENDATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
9.1 Priority actions for the sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
9.1.1 Recommendations for sector administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
9.1.2 Recommendations for capacity building of key stakeholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
9.1.3 Recommendations for supplying sport fishing organizations and fish farms . . . . . . . . . . .76
9.2 Pre-accession Assistance to the sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
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ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS
AFRD Agriculture, Food and Rural Development
APR Annual percentage rate of charges
BAM Bosnian Convertible Mark
BD Br~ko District
BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina
CFP Common Fisheries Policy
CN Combined nomenclature
COMTRADE Common Format for Transient Data Exchange
CSI Core set indicator
DD Decomposition days1
EAPR Effective annual percentage rate of charges
EC European Commission
EU European Union
EUR Euro
EUROSTAT Statistical Office of the European Communities
FBIH Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
b Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
IPARD Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance for Rural Development
IRBRS Investment Development Bank of Republika Srpska
IUU Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated
MAFWM RS Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republika Srpska
MAWMF FBIH Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry of the Federation of
Bosnia and Herzegovina
MCO Microcredit Organization
MFN Most Favoured Nation
MIS Market Information System
MoFTER Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations of BIH
MT Metric tonne
NAPR Nominal annual percentage rate of charges
NEAP National Environmental Action Plan
NMS New Member States (of the EU)
1 It is 500 for fish in the EU which is calculated on the basis of the actual daily average water temperature. In case the water
temperature 10, 15 or 20 oC the needed days to wait after using a drug or medicine registered for other animals will be 50,
33.5 and 25 days respectively.
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NPAA National Program for Adoption of the Acquis
PSC Project Steering Committee
R&D Research and Development
RB FBIH Development Bank of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
RD Rural Development
RS Republika Srpska
SAA Stabilization and Association Agreement
SFA Sport fishing Association
SME Small and Medium Sized Enterprise
SVO State Veterinarian Office
SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (analysis)
USD American dollar
TSS Total suspended solids
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ANNEXES
Annex 1: Stakeholders' SWOT workshops of the fishery and aquaculture sector
1. Constraints identified by the SWOT workshops in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.1 Constraints identified by the SWOT Workshop on the aquaculture subsector of the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.2 Constraints identified by the SWOT Workshop on the fishery subsector of the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. Constraints identified by the SWOT workshops in Republika Srpska
2.1 Constraints identified by the SWOT Workshop on the aquaculture subsector of
Republika Srpska
2.2 Constraints identified by the SWOT Workshop on the fishery subsector of Republika
Srpska
3. Findings of the SWOT workshop on the fishery and aquaculture sector of Br~ko District
4. Summary on the discussions of the technical workshop for consultation with stakeholders of
the fishery and aquaculture sector in BiH
Annex 2: University education in fisheries, aquaculture and related subjects
Annex 3: List of commercial banks, micro credit institutions and leasing companies
in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Table A3-1: Commercial banks in BiH
Table A3-2: Micro Funding Institutions in BiH
Table A3-3: Leasing organizations in BiH
Annex 4: Bilingual questionnaires used for surveying fish farms
Annex 5: Statistical evaluation of fish fauna and filled in survey sheets and questionnaires
of fish farms
Table A5-1 Natural and artificial lakes in BiH
Table A5-2 Fish species in BiH
Table A5-3 Geographical distribution of angling societies in BiH in 2012
Table A5-4.1 Geographical distribution of surveyed fish farms in BiH in 2013
Table A5-4.2 Proportional geographical distribution of surveyed fish farms in BiH in 2013
Table A5-5 Geographical distribution of surveyed farms dealing with fish seed production
in BiH in 2013
Table A5-6 Geographical distribution of surveyed farms dealing with table fish production
in BiH in 2013
Table A5-7 Employees of surveyed fish farms in BiH in 2013
Table A5-8.1 Vehicles and fish transport capacities of surveyed fish farms in BiH in 2013
Table A5-8.2 Proportion of vehicles and fish transport capacities of surveyed fish farms in BiH in 2013
Table A5-9.1 Number and proportion of surveyed fish farms equipped with fish processing
and marketing facilities (in 2013)
Table A5-9.2 Capacities of fish processing and marketing of surveyed fish farms in BiH in 2013
Table A5-9.3 Proportions of fish processing and marketing capacities of surveyed fish farms in
BiH in 2013
Annex 6: List of references, sources and further readings of background information
Annex 7: Environmental effects of intensive culture systems of rainbow trout
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Table A7-1: The water quality suitable for trout production
Table 7A-2: Production data of 41 fish farms and the environmental loading caused by the farms
Table A7-3: The average environmental loading in 1 m3 of discharged water2
Table A7-5: The main technical data of fish production in 17 cage farms
Table A7-6: Calculated environmental loading after production of 1 t fish
Table A7-7: Some production data of examined tank based trout farms and the
effect of the production on the quality of discharged water
Annex 8: Case studies
TABLES IN TEXT
Table 3.1 Location, area and proportion of river basins in BiH
Table 3.2 Geographical distribution and key parameters of the main rivers in BiH
Table 3.3 Number, area and geographical distribution of stagnant waters in BiH
Table 3.4 Ratio of different stagnant waters in BiH
Table 3.5 Number, geographical distribution and proportion of municipalities in
different water basins in BiH
Table 3.6 Status, importance and number of fish species in BiH
Table 3.7 Number of fish species in the sea and in different river basins in BiH
Table 3.8 Contents of on fishery and aquaculture related laws in BiH
Table 3.9 Taxes and fees paid by fish culture enterprises and their employees in BiH3
Table 3.10 Number, geographical distribution and proportion of angling associations and
societies in BiH
Table 3.11 Official statistics of fish farms and fish production in BiH in 2012 and 2013
Table 3.12 Number, area and volume of licensed and unlicensed fish farms in BiH
Table 3.13 Production and its proportions in licensed and unlicensed fish farms in BiH (2013)
versus FAO relevant statistics of 2010, 2011 and 2012
Table 3.14 Production and size categories of surveyed fish farms in BiH in 2013
Table 3.15 Water use of fish farms in BiH
Table 3.16 Status of environmental permission on the surveyed fish farms in BiH in 2013
Table 3.17 Fish health and the veterinary services on the surveyed fish farm in BiH in 2013
Table 3.18 Production, transport and marketing facilities on the surveyed fish farms in BiH in 2013
Table 3.19 Types and estimated quantities of fish feeds used in BiH in 2013
Table 3.20 On farm fish processing equipment and capacities on the surveyed fish
farms in BiH in 2013
2 Calculated by the data of Table A7-2
3 There are no deviations (reductions) for family enterprises.
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