Table Of ContentThe first stage zoea of Pseudoliomera speciosa
(Dana, 1852) (Crustacea, Decapoda,
Brachyura, Xanthidae)
Paul F. CLARK
Department of Zoology, The Natural History Muséum,
Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD (U.K.)
[email protected]
Bella S. GALIL
National Institute of Oceanography, Israël Océanographie and Limnological Research,
POB 8030, Haifa 31080 (Israël)
[email protected]
Clark P. F. & Galil B. S. 1998. — The first stage zoea of Pseudoliomera speciosa (Dana,
KEYWORDS 1852) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Xanthidae). Zoosystema20 (2) : 193-200.
Crustacea, ABSTRACT
Decapoda,
Brachyura, The first zoeal stage of Pseudoliomera speciosa (Dana, 1852) is described,
Xanthidae, illustrated and compared with known fitst stage zoeas of the Xanthidae
Actaeinae,
MacLeay, 1838 subfamily Actaeinae Alcock, 1898. No first stage zoeal cha-
first stage zoea,
Pseudoliomera speciosa. racter ot combination of chatacters defining the Actaeinae was found.
RÉSUMÉ
Le premier stade zoé de Pseudoliomera speciosa (Dana, 1852) (Crustacea,
MOTS CLÉS
Decapoda, Brachyura, Xanthidae). Le premier stade zoé de Pseudoliomera spe
Crustacea,
Decapoda, ciosa est décrit, illustré et comparé avec les premiers stades zoés des Xanthidae
Xanthidae, MacLeay, 1838 de la sous-famille Actaeinae Alcock, 1898. Il n'a été trouvé
Actaeinae,
aucun caractère ou combinaison de caractères du premier stade zoé qui puisse
premier stade zoé,
Pseudoliomera speciosa. définir les Actaeinae.
ZOOSYSTEMA • 1998 • 20(2)
Ckrk P. F. & Galil B. S.
INTRODUCTION Pseudoliomera speciosa (Dana, 1852)
(Figs 1-4)
Of the fourteen gênera assignée! by Serène (1984: DESCRIPTION
20) to the Xanthidae MacLeay, 1838 subfamily Zoea I
Actaeinae Alcock, 1898, the first zoea is deseti- Carapace (Fig. 1A, E, F): dorsal spine curved
bed for four. Recently an ovigetous crab of a fifth with many small spines, longer than rostral
actaeine genus Pseudoliomera speciosa (Dana, spine; rostral spine shorter than dorsal spine,
1852) was collected from Mauritius and the first fractionally longer than antennal protopod,
stage zoeas were hatched in the laboratory. The armed with spines; latéral spines présent and
purpose of this study is to compare the chaeto- armed with spines on dorsal margin; one pair of
taxy of P. speciosa with known Actaeinae first posterodorsal setae; ventral margin without setae;
stage zoeas. anterodorsal surface of carapace sparsely covered
with small spines; eyes sessile.
Antennule (Fig. 1B): uniramous, endopod
absent; exopod unsegmented with four tetminal
MATERIALS AND METHODS aesthetascs (two broad and long, two shotter and
slender) plus one small terminal seta.
Antenna (Fig. 1C, D): protopod distally spinu-
late, fractionally shortet in length than rostral
The ovigetous Pseudoliomera speciosa (Dana,
spine; endopod reduced to a small spine; exopod
1852) was collected by SCUBA diving from
tudimentary, unsegmented, with one long sub-
Albion Rocks, Baie de la Petite Riviète, off
tetminal and two terminal setae unequal in
Victoty Road, Petite Rivière, Albion, Mauritius,
length.
ca. 20°12.5'S - 57°23.5'E, 3-7 m, 15 May 1995.
The female was held in the Mauritius Fisheries Mandible: palp absent.
Research Centre Laboratory at about 25 °C until Maxillule (Fig. 2A): coxal endite with seven
the eggs hatched on eighteenth to nineteenth setae; basial endite with five terminal setal pro
May 1995. The first stage zoeas were preserved cesses and two small teeth; endopod 2-segmen-
in alcohol and the spent female, together with ted, proximal segment with one seta; distal
the remaining undissected zoeas, were deposited segment with six (2 subterminal + 4 terminal)
in The Natural History Muséum, London under setae; exopod seta absent.
the registration numbet 1997.1. Maxilla (Fig. 2B): coxal endite bilobed with 4 + 4
The first stage zoeas were not stained and dissec- setae; basial endite bilobed with 5 + 4 setae; endo
ted appendages were mounted in Polyvinyl lacto- pod bilobed with 3 + 5 (2 subterminal + 3 termi
phenol using a WILD M5 binocular microscope nal) setae; exopod (scaphognathite) margin with
with a supplementary lens (X 2). The cover slips four setae and one long distal stout process.
of the slides were sealed with clear Sally Hansen First maxilliped (Fig. 3A): coxa without setae;
nail varnish and the appendages were drawn basis with ten setae arranged 2, 2, 3, 3; endopod
using an OLYMPUS BH-2 microscope equipped 5-segmented with 3, 2, 1, 2, 5 (1 subterminal +
with Nomarski interférence contrast and atta 4 terminal) setae respectively; exopod 2-segmen-
ched caméra lucida. Five replicates of each appen- ted, distal segment with four long terminal plu
dage were dissected to complète setal mose natatory setae.
observations. The long plumose natatory setae of Second maxilliped (Fig. 3B): coxa without setae;
the first and second maxilliped are drawn trunca- basis with four setae; endopod 3-segmented,
ted. The séquence of the zoeal description is with 1, 1, 6 (3 subtetminal + 3 terminal) setae
based on the malacostracan somite plan and des- respectively; exopod 2-segmented, distal segment
cribed from anterior to postetior. Setal atmature with four long terminal plumose natatory setae.
on appendages is described from proximal to dis Third maxilliped: absent.
tal segments and in order of endopod to exopod. Pereiopods: absent.
ZOOSYSTEMA • 1998 • 20(2)
First zoea of Pseudoliomera speciosa
FIG. 1. — Pseudoliomera speciosa (Dana, 1852): zoea I. A, anterior view of carapace; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, antennal exo
pod; E, dorsal spine; F, rostral spine. Scale bars: A-C, E, F, 0.1 mm; D, 0.05 mm.
ZOOSYSTEMA • 1998 • 20(2)
195
Clark P. F. & Galil B. S.
FIG. 2. — Pseudoliomera speciosa (Dana, 1852): zoea I. A, maxillule; B, maxilla; C, telson. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
196 ZOOSYSTEMA • 1998 • 20(2)
First zoea of Pseudoliomera speciosa
Abdomen (Fig. 4A, B): five somites; somite 2 define the Xanthidae MacLeay, 1838 and the
with a pair of dorsolateral processes directed zoea I of Pseudoliomera speciosa described in this
anteriorly; somite 3 with a pait of dorsolateral study is fully in accord with this définition. The
processes directed ventrally; somites 1-2 with first stage zoea of Pseudoliomera speciosa exhibits a
rounded postetolateral processes and somites 3-5 distinctive spinulation of the anterodorsal cara
with short posterolateral spinous processes; so pace surface that sepatates it from known
mite 1 without setae; somites 2-5 with one pair Actaeinae zoea I larvae.
of posterodorsal setae; pleopod buds absent. Clark &C Ng (1998) suggest that the carapace
Telson (Figs 2C, 4A, B): each telson fork long, spine armature, the antenna and spinulation of
gradually curved distally; one long and one sig- the telson forks may provide distinguishing cha
moid latetal spine; dorsal medial spine présent; racters for xanthid taxa below the family level, at
posterior margin with three pairs of stout spinu- the first zoea stage. Thèse characters were exami
late setae. ned in the first stage zoeas of Actaea semblatae
Guinot, 1976 [as Actaea savignyi (H. Milne
Edwards, 1834)] by Terada (1987); Novactaea
DISCUSSION pulchella (A. Milne-Edwards, 1865) by Terada
(1990); Gaillardiellus orientalis (Odhner, 1925)
Clark & Ng (1998, table 1) tabulated first stage by Ng & Clark (1994); Actaeodes hirsutissimus
zoeal characters that, used in combination, might (Ruppell, 1830) and A. tomentosus (H. Milne
FIG. 3. — Pseudoliomera speciosa (Dana, 1852): zoea I. A, first maxilliped; B, second maxilliped. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
ZOOSYSTEMA • 1998 • 20(2)
First zoea of Pseudoliomera speciosa
Edwards, 1834) both by Clark & Al-Aidaroos smooth protopod without a swollen tip, the
(1996)] and from Pseudoliomera speciosa descri- endopod is présent and the exopod is reduced to
bed in the présent study in order to establish a single seta.
subfamilial characters diagnostic of first stage
Actaeinae zoea. Ail thèse first stage zoeas Spinulation of telson forks
conform with the Xanthidae characters listed by Ail the telson fork spines of P. speciosa are promi
Clark &Ng (1998, table 1). nent, with the distal latéral spine sigmoid in
shape (this study, Fig. 2C). The proximal latéral
Carapace spine armature and the dorsal telson spines of Actaeodes tomento
The carapace spines of Pseudoliomera speciosa sus are prominent with a slightly smallet distal
(this study, Fig. 1A, E, F) are spinulate, the dor latéral spine (Clark & Al-Aidaroos 1996,
sal has numerous minute spines, the rostral has a fig. 3E). By comparison, the telson armature of
number of well-developed spines distally and the A. hirsutissimus (Clark & Al-Aidaroos 1996,
latéral are spinulate on the dorsal margin. In fig. 3D) and N. pulchella (Terada 1990, fig. 3HI)
comparison only the rostral spine of Actaeodes is similar except that the distal latetal spine is
tomentosus and A. hirsutissimus first stage zoeas, considerably reduced. The telson armature of
as described by Clark & Al-Aidaroos (1996, G. orientalis (Ng & Clark 1994, fig. 2C) and
fig. 1A-C), is spinulate, and the dorsal and latéral Actaea semblatae (Terada 1987, fig. HI, II) com
spines are smooth. The dorsal and rostral spines prises setae, not spines as desctibed for the other
of Novactea pulchella appear proportionately lon species.
ger (Terada 1990, fig. 5AI) when compared with From the existing descriptions of known actaeine
Actaeodes, and the rostral spine is smooth. The first stage zoeas and this study, no single charac-
catapace spines of Gaillardiellus orientalis (Ng & ter or suite of characters appears to define the
Clark 1994, fig. 1A) are naked but distinctive Actaeinae.
with rounded swollen tips on the dorsal and laté
ral spines. Ail the catapace spines of Actaea sem-
Acknowledgements
blatae, as described by Terada (1987, fig. 11,
We wish Alain Crosnier a happy retirement and
Al), are devoid of spinulation and have pointed
thank him for his support. This study could not
tips.
have been undertaken without the help of the
Fishety Officets at the Albion Fisheries Research
Antenna Centte, Ministty of Fisheries and Marine
The antenna of P. speciosa (see this study Resources, Petite Rivière, Albion, Mauritius and
Fig. 1D) is identical to that of Actaeodes tomento the logistical suppott ptovided by the
sus (Clark & Al-Aidaroos 1996, fig. 1F, G) and is
Smithsonian Institution.
differentiated from A. hirsutissimus (Clark & Al-
Aidaroos 1996, fig. 1E, H) by the exopod seta-
tion, instead of one long subterminal and two
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