The first Beckeriella Williston from the Afrotropical Region: Two new species from Madagascar (Diptera: Ephydridae)

9 Pages·2000·3.7 MB·

by  Wayne N Mathis

Chapter 4
The First Beckeriella Williston from the Afrotropical
Region: Two New Species from Madagascar
(Diptera: Ephydridae)
Wayne N. Mathis1 and David A. Grimaldi2
Abstract
Two new species of the shore-fly genus Beckeriella are described from specimens collected
on the island of Madagascar. These are the first species of Beckeriella from the Afrotropical
Region, and aside from B.filipina (from the Philippines), they are the first species ofthe genus
to be described from regions outside ofthe New World tropics, where the genus has its greatest
diversity.
Resume
Deux nouvelles especes du Madagascar du genre "la mouche de la plage" Beckeriella sont
decrites. Ce sont les premieres especes du genre Beckeriella recoltees dans la region afrotrop-
icale. HorsB.filipina (des Phillipines) lesespecesdecrites ici sontlespremieresquiproviennent
des regions autres que les neotropiques, ou ce genre a actuellement la plus grande diversite.
Introduction the Afrotropical Region. This further expands the
known distribution of Beckeriella and alters our
Beckeriella Williston is an uncommonly col- ideas about the historical origins and phylogeny
lected genus ofshore flies that, until recently, was of the genus.
represented by 10 New World species (Mathis &
Zatwarnicki, 1995). Four years ago, however, Li-
zarralde de Grosso (1994) described B. filipina Methods
from the Philippines, which substantively and
somewhat anomalously increased the known dis- The terminology and methods used in this
tribution for the genus. Such an apparent disjunct study were explained previously (Mathis, 1990).
distribution between the Philippines and the trop- Because ofthe small size ofthe specimens, study
dicaael.neHoetrreopiwces weaxsteunndkneovwenn afmurotnhgerthteheEpkhyndorwin- and illustration ofthe male terminaliarequiredthe
worldwide distribution and describe two new spe- utisveeocfomamcuonimcpaotuinodnmaibcoruotscsotpreu.ctuTroesenosfurteheefmfaelce-
cies from Madagascar, the first ofthis genus from terminalia, we have adopted the terminology of
other workers in Ephydridae (see references in
1 Department ofEntomology, NHB 169, Smithsonian Mathis, 1986). Usage of these terms, however,
Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. should not be taken as an endorsement of them
2Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Muse-
um of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., from a theoretical or morphological view over al-
New York, NY 10024-5192, U.S.A. ternatives that have been proposed (Cumming et
MATHIS & GRIMALDI: SHORE FLIES BECKERIELLA 105
al., 1995; Griffiths, 1972; McAlpine, 1981). Rath- 1990:143-146 [species description]; 1991a:39-42
er, we are deferring to tradition until the morpho- [species description]; 1991b:45-48 [species de-
logical issues are better resolved. scription]; 1992:229-233 [species description];
Three ratios (one cephalic, two venational) are 1994:57-59 [species description, Philippines];
commonly used in the descriptions and are de- Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 1995:27-129 [world cat-
fined here for the convenience of the user (ratios alog]).
A
are ranges based on three specimens): 1. Gena-to- Diagnosis tribe of the subfamily Gymno-
eye ratio is the genal height measured at the max- myzinae that is distinguished from other tribes by
imum eye height divided by the eye height. 2. the following combination of characters: moder-
Costal vein ratio is the straight-line distance be- ately small to large shore flies, length 2.5-5.5
tween the apices of veins R2+3 and R4^s/distanMce mm.
between the apices of veins R, and R2^.M3. Head Frons rectangular, wider than long, ver-
vein ratio is the straight-line distance along be- tex at level beyond posterior margin of posterior
tween crossveins dm-cu and r-m/distance apicad ocelli; pseudopostocellar setae greatly reduced or
of crossvein dm-cu. lacking; ocellar seta well developed, subequal to
outer vertical seta, proclinate, slightly divergent;
fronto-orbital seta 2, both proclinate, only anterior
setae usually well developed, oriented anterolat-
Tribe Gastropini Cresson erally, posteriorsetamuch smallerorlacking; out-
er vertical seta well developed; inner vertical seta
Gastropini Cresson, 1949:250 (as Gastropsini). weakly developed to lacking, if present much
Type Genus Gastrops Williston, 1897 (Za- smaller than outer seta and with medioproclinate
twarnicki, 1995:127-130 [world catalog]). orientation. Scape and pedicel comparatively long
Discussion Williston (1897) described both and semiporrect; flagellomere 1, comparatively
genera, Beckeriella and Gastrops, that now make long, greatly elongate and pendulous in some spe-
up the tribe Gastropini, which until recently was cies, apex rounded; pedicle lacking a well-devel-
placed in the subfamily Parydrinae (Cresson, oped dorsoapical seta; flagellum long, bearing 6-
1949; Lizarralde de Grosso, 1989; Wirth, 1968). 12 dorsal rays along length. Face in profile usu-
Currently the tribe is placed in the subfamily ally concave, sometimes with dorsal halfshallow-
Gymnomyzinae, based on Zatwarnicki's (1992) ly tumescent, usually with atransversecreasenear
assessment of characters of the male terminalia. midheight, usually bare ofmicrotomentum, shiny,
Although the tribe is undoubtedly monophyletic bearing a single seta and smaller setulae laterally
(Mathis, 1977), other aspects concerning the phy- near margin with parafacial, rarely bearing a 2nd
logenetic relationships of the tribe, such as iden- seta ventrad from larger seta. Eye somewhat pro-
tification ofthe tribe's sister group and the mono- jected laterally, bulbous, horizontally ovate
phyly ofthe two included genera, are unresolved. (bluntly rounded anteriorly in lateral view, more
Two colleagues, Stark (pers. comm.) and Lizar- narrowly rounded posterodorsally) or vertically
ralde de Grosso (pers. comm.), are now studying ovate. Anterior oral margin more or less straight;
these phylogenetic issues as part ofmore compre- clypeus wide, bandlike, short, partially to mostly
hensive research onthe tribe. Thus, we defercom- concealed by ventral margin offace and gena; ge-
ment on the phylogeny and taxonomic status of nal seta 1, frequently reduced in size.
the included genera and recognize Beckeriella as Thorax Generally dark-colored; scutellum
described previously and diagnosed herein. usually moderately flat, rectangularto trapezoidal,
only apical scutellar seta well developed, these
sometimes arising from small tubercles; acrosti-
chal setulae minute, usually in 2 rows; only the
Genus Beckeriella Williston posteriormost dorsocentral seta well developed,
slightly displaced laterally; no presutural or post-
Beckeriella Williston, 1897:2. sutural supra-alar seta; postalar seta 1; proprono-
Type Species Ephydra bispinosa Thomson, tum setulose but lacking a large seta; notoplueron
1868 (=Scatophaga bispinosa Fabricius, 1805), usually with 2 setae nearventral margin, posterior
monotypy. (Cresson, 1934:201-205 [review]; seta stronger, anterior seta sometimes lacking;
Wirth, 1968:20 [Neotropical catalog]; Lizarralde anepisternum bearing 1 large seta along posterior
de Grosso, 1986:133-137 [species description]; margin; katepisternum bearing 1 large seta and
106 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
with anterior 2h usually bare of microtomentum, abdomen black, subshiny to shiny; wing generally
similar to anteroventral corner of anepisternum, dark brown with subapical transverse white band.
shiny; otherwise pleuron thinly microtomentose. Head (Fig. 4-2a) Generally yellow; meso-
Wing usually infuscate, sometimes very dark, to frons rectangular, longer than wide, brown; fron-
maculate; vein R2.3 curved anteriorly atapexrath- to-orbits brown. Inner vertical seta greatly re-
er abruptly, often bearing a subapical stump vein; duced or lacking; fronto-orbital setae 2, posterior
frequently with some veins sinuous, especially seta short, much less than half length of anterior
veins R2+3, R4+5, andM. Halterwithknobblackish seta, anterior seta slightly longer than outer ver-
brown. Femora usually brown to black; fore- and tical seta. Scape yellowish brown basally becom-
especially hind femora sometimes swollen; fore- ing brown apically, length distinctly shorter than
femur bearing numerous long setae along poster- pedicle; pedicle brown with some gray microto-
oventral surface; midfemur bearing numerous mentum dorsally; flagellomere 1 dark brown on
long setae along anteroventral surface; basal tar- dorsal half, yellow on ventral half both laterally
someres yellow, apical 2-3 brownish black. and medially, length about 2.5X height; flagel-
Abdomen
Strongly convex, domelike, thinly lomere bearing 11 dorsal rays. Face concave in
to moderately invested with microtomentum, lateral view, yellow except for wide stripe just
sometimes more so toward posterior margin, to ventrad of antennal bases and a thinner stripe at
nearly bare, subshiny to shiny, often with some midheight of facial concavity. Eye transversely
metallic luster; tergites with lateroventral margins ovate, anterior margin bluntly rounded, tapered
sharply defined, often with cuticular microsculp- posteriorly to more narrowed posterior margin.
turing, surface appearing shallowly wrinkled or Gena yellow, moderately high, gena-to-eye ratio
puckered; 2nd tergite with patch ofdorsoerect se- 0.39. Clypeus yellow, wide, short, largely con-
tulDaiesltartiebraultliy.on With the exception of the two ceaTlheodrianxoralGecnaevriatly.lyMobultahcpka;rtsscuyetlulmow.subshiny,
edNiisPtnhdpeseielsclcwycgoiirrlpeieWnlpsaboeiutecnrmeddtelseeistdssro)pcn,odtersuirciBvsoi(ebepeSceristksodcaitesart,hrhrkyeiee,,wrershlapewelleiarrrratseeenh.aimsddtacyh1kioeB0nkn.mgnomsfet.powione)wlncu,inibspeoeiasancn.nnlauddrydiMr(seuafafcnvnrrontadoovliyomemylurabhuebtttadnlhh.-s-eee tttiossehmcurieuminndtoliarubyarlmelyriclonlyuowvin,meglthsiyitatlnlnegybjtduuegsstrwrtpiiaaotmybrrhosemefrabiroenrcrdaorenowdadtepnnoontsasmmetpeeireplnocreyltiraaoootrsrmetieirno,macgmalrmreosignmthcitaoinrnrmu,oigemetinrwoatnhmnosptiesoecnesorh-,--f
AgilotnhouhgahvethneotshboereenfliweesllofcotlhleecAtferdo,trwopeicaflindRei-t bbrroowwnn; msiccurtoetlolmuemntvoesrey, rsepcartsaenlgyulaarnd(Fiugn.if4o-r2mbl)y,
somewhat anomalous that the first species of wider than long, with posterior margin broadly
Beckeriella were found on Madagascar and not in truncate, apical scutellar setae arising from short
continental Africa. On Madagascar, the two spe- tubercles at posterolateral corners of scutellum,
cies were collected at higher elevation, above about as long as length of scutellum; pleuron
1000 m, and from the same province (Antsiran- black, mostly uniformly sparsely microtomentose
ana). except for shiny, bare anteroventral corner ofane-
Discussion Beckeriella is apparently of an- pisternum and anterior 2h of katepisternum. Wing
cient origin and is the only identified genus of mostly brown, slightly darker basally, with irreg-
shore flies that is represented by fossils in amber ular (basal and apical margins) subapical trans-
(Evenhuis, 1994). The fossils, which are fromDo- verse white hand at level ofapex ofvein R2+3 and
minican amber ofunknown provenance, represent continued posteriorlyjust apical ofcrossvein dm-
a few species and date from the Oligocene/Mio- cu; crossvein r-m slightly whitened medially; vein
cene epochs. Stark (pers. comm.) is now studying R2+3 sinuous, curved sharplytowardcostaatapex,
and describing these species. short, making costal section III as long as section
II; vein R4+5 sinuous; crossvein dm-cu longerthan
apex of vein CuA, apicad of crossvein dm-cu;
M
Beckeriellafasciata, new species costal vein ratio 0.87; vein ratio 0.60; alula
Figures 4-1, 4-2a,b short and wide, fringing setulae as long as alular
height; knob ofhalter blackish brown. Legs most-
Description A large shore fly (Fig. 4-1), ly brownish black to black, sometimes with shiny
length 5.2 mm; head generally yellow; thorax and surfaces, only foretibia and basal 3 tarsomeres
MATHIS & GRIMALDI: SHORE FLIES BECKERIELLA 107
Fig. 4-1. Beckeriellafasciata. Habitus, lateral view.
yellow; apices of mid- and hind tibiae brown, tennae lost soon after illustrating), and is de-
slightly lighter in color than femora. posited in the Natal Museum (Pietermartzburg,
Abdomen Appearing domelike, generally South Africa).
black, subshiny, thinly microtomentose; 2nd ter- Distribution Afrotropical: Madagascar (An-
gite with lateral patches of dorsoerect setae; lat- tsiranana).
eral margins of tergites sharply defined. Etymology The specific epithet,fasciata, re-
Type Material The holotype female is la- fers to the subapical white fascia or band on an
beled "Madagascar-Est dct. Sambava R.N. otherwise brown to dark brown wing.
[now Pare National de Marojejy] XII Marojejy- Diagnosis This species is distinguished from
m
Ouest 1140 XI-59 [Nov 1959] P.Soga/INSTI- congeners, especially B. maculata, by its large
TUT SCIENTIFIQUE MADAGASCAR [blue; size (5.2 mm), the largely brown wing with asub-
black margin]." The holotype is double-mount- apical white transverse band, and its body color-
ed (minuten in rectangular block or pith), is in ation (see description).
good condition (right flagellomere 1 missing, Remarks This species is represented by a sin-
left wing torn apically, some tarsi missing, an- gle female.
108 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Fig. 4-2. a, b: Beckeriellafasciata. a, Head, anteriorview, b, Scutellum, dorsal view, c-e: Beckeriellamaculata.
c, Head, anterior view, d, Scutellum, dorsal view, e, Male genitalia, lateral view.
Beckeriella maculata, new species pedicle; flagellomere 1 mostly yellow, lateral sur-
Figures 4-2c-e, 4-3 to 4-5 face withbrown stripe extendedfromanterodorsal
corner to base, yellow on dorsal and ventral sides
Description Moderately small shore fly, of stripe, median surface with only anterodorsal
length 2.5-2.70 mm; head generally yellow; tho- corner brown, otherwise yellow, length about
rax and abdomen black, subshiny to shiny; wing twice height; flagellomere bearing 9-10 dorsal
generally dark brown on basal half, apical half rays. Face shiny, bare ofmicrotomentum, concave
white with maculate pattern. in lateral view with distinct transverse crease at
Head (Fig. 4-2c) Generally yellow; meso- midheight, with a transverse brown stripe at
frons rectangular, slightly widerthan long; fronto- crease, otherwise whitish yellow. Eyetransversely
orbits yellow. Inner vertical seta well developed, ovate, anterior margin bluntly rounded, tapered
equal in length to fronto-orbital seta; fronto-orbit- posteriorly to more narrowed posterior margin.
al setae 2, posterior seta very short, much less Gena yellow, moderately low, gena-to-eye ratio
than half length of anterior seta, anterior seta 0.26-0.30. Clypeus yellow, wide, short, largely
slightly longer than outer vertical seta. Scape and concealed in oral cavity. Mouthparts yellow.
pedicle yellow with some grayish microtomentum Thorax Generally black; scutum subshiny,
dorsally; length of scape distinctly shorter than anteriorand anterolateral margins ofscutumlight-
MATHIS & GRIMALDI: SHORE FLIES BECKERIELLA 109
Fig. 4-3. Beckeriella maculata. Habitus, lateral view.
ly gray microtomentose, posterior half to % of dially, apical scutellar setae arising from postero-
scutum mostly with brown microtomentum, with lateral corners, without tubercles at base, subapi-
long gray linear spot on median side ofdorsocen- cal scutellar setae about % length of apical setae,
tral track that extends from anterior margin pos- inserted laterally at apical %. Wing mostly brown
teriorly for % length of scutum and 2 linear spots on basal half, dark brown basally, becoming
laterally on either side of transverse suture; scu- slightly and gradually lighter toward apical half;
tellum with dorsal surface finely granulose, most- apical halfofwing maculate, mostly hyaline with
ly black with some bluish black reflections, very dark brown irregular spots and zigzag and C-
sparsely brown microtomentose, trapezoidal (Fig. shaped bands; vein R2.3 sinuous, curved sharply
4-2d), about as long as wide, gradually tapered toward costa at apex, bearing a subapical stump
posteriorly, with posterior margin emarginate me- vein that is oriented posteriorly, vein R2.3 short,
110 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
ces ofmid- and hind tibiae brown, slightly lighter
in color than femora.
Abdomen Generally black, subshiny to
shiny, with some dark blue reflections; generally
sparsely gray microtomentose, especially on an-
terior % of tergites, microtomentum becoming
denser submarginally along posterior margin of
tergites. Male abdomen (Fig. 4-4): sternites 2-4
rounded, bearing setulae along lateral margins;
sternite 2 with small anteromedial papilla; 5th
sternite subdivided; epandrium in ventral view
widest at midheight, angulate laterally at greatest
width; cerci in ventral view subelliptical, medial
margin sinuous, wider anteriorly; aedeagus (Fig.
4-2e) tubular; aedeagal apodeme (Fig. 4-2e) with
long, narrow keel; granite (Fig. 4-2e) with apex
recurved, pointed; hypandrium a somewhat rect-
angular sclerite with anterior margin shallowly
rounded. Female abdomen (Fig. 4-5): Tergites
generally wide, 2-4 comparatively long, tergites
5-8 short, 4th with 2 narrow patches of microto-
mentum toward posterior margin on either side of
median; sternites 2-4 subquadrate, angles round-
ed; sternites 5-7 conspicuously wider than long,
width of7th about Vi 5th, 8th sternite subdivided,
each sclerite circular; female ventral receptacle
(Fig. 4-5) with operculum bell-shaped, higher
than wide, extended process J-shaped, as long as
height of operculum.
Type Material The holotype male is labeled
"MADAGASCAR: km
Antsiranana, Marojejy, 11
NW
Manantenina, X.25-XI.3.1996 1,225 m, E.
Quinter." The holotype is double mounted (glued
to a paper triangle), is in good condition, and is
deposited in the American Museum of Natural
History (AMNH). Thirteen paratypes bear the
same locality label data as the holotype (9
AMNH, 4 United States National Museum
[USNM]). All specimens of the type series were
Fig. 4-4. Beckeriella maculata. Male terminalia, collected in pan traps set at the side of a stream.
ventral view, including epandrium, cerci, and sternites Distribution Afrotropical: Madagascar (An-
2-5 (5th divided). tsiranana).
Etymology The specific epithet, maculata,
refers to the dappled or maculate apical half of
vmeaikninRg4+c5osstianluosuesc;ticornosIsIIveiasn ldomn-gcuaslosnegcetironthIaIn; the wing.
apex of vein CuA, apicad of crossvein dm-cu;
M
costal vein ratio 1.15-1.18; vein ratio 0.55-
0.57; alula short and wide, fringing setulae black, Key to Malagasy Species ofBeckeriella
longer than alular height; knob of halter blackish
brown. Legs with coxae, trochanters, and femora 1. Wing mostly brown with irregular subapical
black; tibiae mostly yellow, with dorsal surfaces transverse white band; scutellum rectangular,
ofmid- andhind tibiae partially darkbrown;basal widerthan long, posteriormarginbroadlytrun-
3 tarsomeres yellow, apical 2 blackishbrown; api- cate; inner vertical seta greatly reduced, length
MATHIS & GRIMALDI: SHORE FLIES BECKERIELLA 111
Fig. 4-5. Beckeriella maculata. Female terminalia. posterior view, showing apical tergites and sternites. and
ventral receptacle, lateral view.
much less than half that of outer vertical seta AMNH. The holotype of B. fasciata was loaned
B. fasciata, new species to us by the Natal Museum, Pietermartzburg,
Wing with basal half brown and apical half South Africa (David A. Barraclough). Sally
maculate, mostly hyaline with dark brown Goodman made the habitus illustrations and
spots; scutellum trapezoidal, about as long as helped with line drawings. For critically review-
wide, tapered posteriorly, posterior margin ing a draft of this paper, we thank Volker Holl-
emarginate medially; inner vertical seta well mann-Schirrmacher and Julian Stark.
developed, equal in length to fronto-orbital
seta B. maculata, new species
Literature Cited
Cresson. B. T. Jr. 1934. Descriptions of new genera
Acknowledgments and species ofthe dipterous family Ephydridae. XI.
Transactions ofthe American Entomological Society,
We are grateful to Eric Quinter. collector ofthe 60: 199-222.
specimens of B. maculata, for making the type 1949. A systematic annotated arrangement of
series of this species available to us. Funding for dthreidgaeen(eDriaptaernad).spIeVc.iTesheofSutbhfeaNmoirltyhNaApmaeeriincaaen.TErpahnys--
Eric's expeditionary work on Madagascar was actions of the American Entomological Societv. 74:
provided by World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) 225-260.
and the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation. Claiming. J. M.. B. J. Sinclair,andD. M. Wood. 1995.
112 FTELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Homologyandphylogeneticimplicationsofmalegen- Ephydridae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia,
italia in Diptera Eremoneura. Entomologica Scan- 36(1): 229-233.
dinavica, 26: 120-151. .1994. Aportesal conocimientodel generoBeck-
Evenhuis, N. L. 1994. Catalogue ofthe Fossil Flies of eriella Williston. Descripcion de B. filipina sp. nov.
the World (Insecta: Diptera). Backhuys Publishers, (Diptera: Ephydridae). Neotropica, 40(103-104): 57-
Leiden, 600 pp. 59.
W
Griffiths, G. C. D. 1972. The phylogenetic classifica- Mathis, N. 1977. Key to the Neotropical genera of
tion ofDipteraCyclorrhaphawith specialreferenceto Parydrinae with a revision of the genus Eleleides
the structure of the male postabdomen. Series Ento- Cresson (Diptera: Ephydridae). Proceedingsofthe Bi-
mologica, 8: 1-340, W. Junk, The Hague. ological Society ofWashington, 90(3): 553-565.
LicziaersradledeBedcekerGireolslsao,WiMl.lisSt.on19(8D6i.ptDeorsa nEupehyvdarsideasep)e.- dae),.I:1A986r.eviSstiuodnieosftohfePsshiolroepifnlayege(nDiupstePrlaa:coEppshiydderlil-a
Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 38(2): 133-137, 14 figs. Kertesz. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 430:
. 1989. Ephydridae de la Republica Argentina 1-30.
(Insecta Diptera). Serie Monografica y Didactica 1990. A revisionoftheshore-flygenusDiphuia
Nguoe.l3L.ilFlaocuUlntiavderdseidCaidenNcaicaisoNnaatlurdaeleTsuceumInasnt.itu9t3o Mppi.- Ctormeoslsoognic(aDilptSeorcai:etEyphoyfdrWiadsahei)n.gtPorno,ce9e2d(i4n)g:s7o4f6t-h7e5E6n.-
1990. AportesalconocimientodelgeneroBeck- Mathis, W N, andT Zatwarnicki. 1995. Aworldcat-
edngrreoiinvedt.lailenya)a.,WriRe4led8lev(isi1scst-rto4ian)p,1cd9iIe.9o0nDl(ae8dsS9eco)rc:Bii.pec1dbi4aio3sdn-p1idd4nee7o.sBE.antl(ooDmniogplitvoeegrniatc-haEspAhsryp--. McoalnAolgpEinontfeo,tmhoeJl.osEhgoyr,1e9I8fnl1ti.eesrMn(aoDtriippotnheaorlla,:o4gE:yphvyaidn+rd4i2dt3aeer)pmp.i.nMoelmoogiyrs
Bspe.ckneorvi.e1l9yl9a1raeW.diellsAicpsrotiorpntc.eiosInI.adlDeescBc.ornisocpchciiilmodiine.ndt(eDoBi.pdtepelarraag-geEinppeharyso- Augadrlualpothfs,2N7epapo.rfc9tWR-ie6cs3De.iapIrtncehrMacB.ArlOaptnitcnahew,aA.gJr.[iFcV,uollettuumralee.,C1eadnissa.,dMaoM.na]no--
dridae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 40(1): 39-42. Williston, S. 1897. DipteraBrasiliana. PartIV Kan-
1991b. Aportes al conocimiento del genero sas UnWiverWsity Quarterly, series A, 6: 1-12.
Beckeriella Williston. III. Descripcion de B. pseudo- Wirth, 1968. 77. Family Ephydridae, pp. 1-43.
clypeata, sp. n. y redescripcion de B. magnicornis In Papavero, N., ed., A catalogue of the Diptera of
Cresson (Diptera, Ephydridae). Revista Brasileira de the Americas south ofthe United States. Departamen-
Entomologia, 35(1): 45-48. to de Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paulo.
1992. AportesalconocimientodelgeneroBeck- Zatwarnicki, T 1992. A new classification ofEphydri-
eriella Williston. IV. Redescripcion de B. pendicornis dae based on phylogenetic reconstruction (Diptera:
y descripcion de B. parapendicornis sp. n. (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha). Genus, 3(2): 65-119.
MATHIS & GRIMALDI: SHORE FLIES BECKERIELLA 113