The family Tornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean and neighboring areas

2011·171.3 MB·English

by  Federico Rubio

1
©
SociedadEspañoladeMalacología Iberus, 29 (2):1-240 ,2011
The family Tornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the
Caribbean and neighboring areas
La familia Tornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) en el Caribe y áreas
vecinas
Federico RUBIO*, Raúl FERNÁNDEZ-GARCÉS** and Emilio ROLÁN***
Recibidoel28.04.2011. Aceptadoel26.09.201
RESUMEN
Se estudian las especies del Caribe, incluidas en la familia Tornidae y que comprenden
los géneros Circulus, Teinostoma, Tornus, Anticlimax, Aorotrema, Cyclostremiscus, Cochlio-
lepis, Episcynia, Parviturboides, Pleuromalaxis, Solariorbis, Vitrinella y Vitrinorbis, sobre la
base de unos 2700 ejemplares y conchas examinados. Los taxones estudiados de Torni-
dae son 101 en total, siendo 4 del género Circulus, 27 de Teinostoma, 2 de Tornus, 8 de
Anticlimax, 2 de Aorotrema, 4 de Cyclostremiscus, 9 de Cochliolepis, de Episcynia,
1 1 1
de Parviturboides, 1 de Pleuromalaxis, 16 de Solariorbis, 15 de Vitrinella y 1 de Vitrinor-
bis. De estas especies 23 son nuevas para la ciencia y se describen aquí: 8 en Teinos-
toma, 1 en Anticlimax, 3 en Cyclostremiscus, 3 en Cochliolepis, 4 en Solariorbis y 4 en
Vitrinella. Se discuten las asignaciones a estos géneros y sus relaciones. Además, se apor-
tan datos sobre 40 especies más, relacionadas en algún momento con la familia en estu-
dio. Un nuevo nombre se propone para "Cyclostrema" thomasi Pilsbry, 1945, previa-
mente ocupado.
Teinostoma nessaeum y Teinostoma obtectum son tratados como especies válidas, no sinó-
nimos de Teinostoma biscaynense; Cyclostremiscus trilix no es sinónimo de Cyclostremis-
cus pentagonus; Cyclostrema thomasi no es sinónimo de Vitrinella filifera. Por el contrario,
Teinostoma clavium es aquí considerada como sinónimo de Teinostoma semistriatum.
Se designan lectotipos para Teinostoma reclusum, Teinostoma solidum, Parviturboides inte-
rruptus, Solariorbis petitii, Episcynia inornatay Cochliolepis parasítica.
Se designan neotipos para Teinostoma megastoma, Teinostoma semistriatum y Circulus
orbignyi.
Algunos tipos de las colecciones Dalí y KJ Bush, todos en USNM, se fotografiaron por pri-
mera vez por SEM.
Del examen de los tipos de Dall (1927), llegamos a la conclusión de que un número de
especies descritas en el mismo no son tornidos y sí skeneidos incluidos en los géneros Cir-
sonella, Microy Xyloskenea.
ABSTRACT
The Caribbean species ¡ncluded within the family Tornidae in the genera Circulus, Teinos-
toma, Tornus, Anticlimax, Aorotrema, Cyclostremiscus, Cochliolepis, Episcynia, Parvitur-
*PintorRibera, 4-16a 46930QuartdePoblet(Valencia), Spaine-mail: [email protected]
,
** Centro deEstudiosAmbientales deCienfuegos (CEAC), División de GestiónAjmbiental (DGA), calle 17,
esquinaAve.46,Cienfuegos, Cuba
*** Museo de Historia Natural, Campus Universitario Sur, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain e-mail:
[email protected]
1
,
Iberus, 29 (2), 2011
boides, Pleuromalaxis, Solariorbis, Vitrinello and Vitrinorbis are studied, based on about
2700 specimens and shells examined. There are a total of 101 species, ¡ncluding 4 ¡n the
genus Circulus, 27 ¡n Teinostoma, 2 ¡n Tornus, 8 ¡n Anticlimax 2 ¡n Aorotrema, 14 ¡n
,
Cyclostremiscus, 9 ¡n Cochliolepis, 1 ¡n Episcynia, 1 ¡n Parviturboides, 1 ¡n Pleuromalaxis
16 ¡n Solariorbis, 15 ¡n Vitrinella, and 1 ¡n Vitrinorbis. Of all these species 23 are new
and are described here: 8 ¡n Teinostoma, 1 ¡n Anticlimax, 3 ¡n Cyclostremiscus, 3 ¡n
Cochliolepis, 4 ¡n Solariorbis, and 4 ¡n Vitrinella. The assignation of these species to these
genera and their relationships are discussed. Furthermore, some information is given on
40 species more which have been related at times to the family studied. A new ñame is
proposed for "Cydostrema" thomasi Pilsbry, 1945, which is preoccupied.
Teinostoma nessaeum and Teinostoma obtectum are treated as valid species, not synonyms
of Teinostoma biscaynense; Cyclostremiscus trilix is not a synonym of Cyclostremiscus pen-
tagonus; Cydostrema thomasi is not a synonym of Vitrinella filifera. Conversely, Teinos-
toma clavium is herein considered a synonym of Teinostoma semistriatum.
Lectotypes are here designated for Teinostoma reclusum, Teinostoma solidum, Parvitur-
boides interruptus, Solariorbis petitii Episcynia inornata and Cochliolepis parasítica.
,
Neotypes are designated for Teinostoma megastoma, Teinostoma semistriatum, and Circu-
lus orbignyi.
Some types from the Dalí and KJ. Bush collections, all in USNM, are photographed for
the firsttime using SEM.
From the examination of Dall's (1927) types, we concluded that a number of species
described therein are not tornids but skeneids included in the genera Cirsonella, Micro
and Xyloskenea.
INTRODUCTION
The "vitrinellids" (Vitrinellidae Moore (1964) stated that no vit-
Bush, 1897), here considered synony- rinellids have been found south of
mous with Tornidae Sacco, 1896, are Trinidad. YetRíos (1975, 1994) andDíaz
prosobranch molluscs generally living Merlano & Puyana Hegedus (1994)
in shallow waters oftropical seas. In the mention several species from Brazil and
Atlantic only Tornus subcarinatus Colombiarespectively.
(Montagu, 1803) and Circulus striatus The supposed "vitrinellid" recorded
(Philippi, 1836)liveinthemarinewaters alive in deeper water off the Azores by
of Western Europe but there are many Clarke (1962): Teinostoma azorica
species known from the shores of West Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896, was
Africa (Adam & Knudsen, 1969; Rolán recently shown to be a turbinid. Its
& Rubio, 2002; Oliver & Rolán, 2011). radulaisrhipidoglossan, and itsgeneral
There is no known case of anfiatlantism characters are coincident with those of
inspeciesoftheTornidaefamily. the Skeneinae species of the genera
Stimpson (1858) described the first Skenea and Dikoleps (Rubio & Rolán,
vitrinellid for the malacological fauna of 2009). Other vitrinellids collected in
the SE United States: Cochliolepis para- deep water such as Circulus dalli Bush
sítica, which was found alive under the (618 m), found very cióse to the north
scales of the giant scaly worm Poly- coast of Little Bahama Bank, have been
dontes lupina. Gabb (1873, 1881) considered to be transported downs-
described several fossil species from the lope by the currents. Teinostoma
Miocene of Santo Domingo and the solidum (Dalí, 1889) was found below
Pliocene of Costa Rica. Subsequently the continental shelf. Moore (1964)
some of these species have been found mentions seeing specimens with animal
living. Circulus liratus (A.E. Verrill, and operculum in natural position, but
1882) was described from north of Cape in his opinión they could not be vit-
Hatteras, NorthCarolina rinellids.
2
RUBIO ETAL.: The familyTornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean
Most of the records of living vit- Vitrinellidae, due their anatomical simi-
rinellids are between one and several larity. Fie went on to remark that, in
metres deep. Among the living species spite of the fact that some of the species
collected by Pilsbry & McGinty (1945a are more conchologically similar to
and 1946b) are: Vitrinella helicoidea C.B. those of Tornus, the relationship of
Adams, Teinostoma lerema Pilsbry & Cochliolepis with Tornus and Tornidae
McGinty, Teinostoma parvicallum isnotcióse.
Pilsbry & McGinty, Teinostoma carini- Ponder (1988) in his study on the
callus Pilsbry &McGintyandPleuroma- phylogeny of Truncatelloidea (now
laxis balesi Pilsbry & McGinty. Other known as Rissooidea), incorporated the
species collected alive: Cyclostremiscus available studies (Fretter, 1956;
pentagonus (Gabb) in sand-muddy Moore, 1972; Graham, 1982) into his
bottom in Mississippi Sound; own, apparently not published, and
Cyclostremiscus suppressus (Dalí) on inferred that there was a complex of
Thalassia off Matheson Hammock, Bis- tornids-vitrinellids-adeorbids (= cir-
cayne Bay, less than 1 meter; Solariorbis culids), as a single family, whichequates
mooreana (Vanatta), Solariobis infracari- to Tornidae, but warned that two or
nata (Gabb), Cyclostremiscus cubanus more families could be separated from
(Pilsbry & Aguayo) and Cyclostremis- this group. This author affirmed thatthe
cus pentagonus (Gabb) in sandy bottom Tornidae (included with vitrinellids for
and/or muddy-sandy bottom. Circulus this analysis) have some characters in
striatus (Philippi), type species of the common, but in their overall anatomy
genus, lives on sandy bottoms off the approach the hydrobiids-truncatellids
Atlantic coasts of Southern France and and more closely the Iravadiidae and
the Iberian Península. The vitrinellids Elachisinidae.
supposedly feed on detritus and Bieler & Mikkelsen (1988) studied
diatoms. several populations of two western
We have scanty information on the Atlantic vitrinellids: Cyclostremiscus
soft parts of most of the species of the beauii (P. Fischer, 1897) and Circulus
family Tornidae Sacco, 1896; it is a het- texanus (Moore, 1965) giving enough
erogeneous assortmentofspecies funda- anatomical and radular data for generic
mentally grouped together on the basis differentiation.
of some similarity of the shells. The Ponder (1994) described the exter-
ignorance of the soft anatomy and the nal and internal morphology of three
radula of most of the species described vitrinelliform species from Flong Kong.
up to now makes a correct generic and Two of these, Sigaretornus plana and
subgeneric placement difficult. The only Circulus mortoni, are placed in the Vit-
anatomical studies published on these rinellidae, the other, a new genus and
groups correspond to thetype speciesof species, Lantauia taylori, is included in
the genera Circulus Jeffreys, 1865 [C. the Iravadiidae. The variation in organ
striatus (Philippi, 1836) in Fretter Systems invitrinelliform species and the
(1956)], Cochliolepis Stimpson, 1858 [C. generic relationships are discussed,
parasítica Stimpson, in Moore, 1972], using the most comprehensive anatomi-
Tornus Turton & Kingston, 1830 [T. sub- cal studies then available, provided by
carinatus (Montagu, 1803), in Graham, Bieler & Mikkelsen (1988). They
1982]. Also Cyclostremiscus beaui (P. confirm that the anatomy of Sigaretor-
Fischer, 1857) and Circulus texanus nus plana and that of Circulus mortoni
(Moore, 1965) in Bieler & Mikkelsen are very similar to that of Cyclostremis-
(1988). We consider this an insufficient cus beauii, described in detail by Bieler
basisforunderstandingthefamily. & Mikkelsen (1988). This shows the
Aftera detailed anatomicalexamina- necessity of establishing a profile with
tion of living samples of Cochliolepis the most important characters in vit-
parasítica, type species of the genus, rinellids and clarifying the relation
Moore (1972) placed Cochliolepis in between the type species of Vitrinella
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Iberus, 29 (2), 2011
and Tornus, as both are the type genera rinellinae groups together the other
of the families Vitrinellidae and genera included in the oíd family Vit-
Tornidae, due to the controversy on the rinellidae Bush, 1897, herein considered
relationships ofbothfamilies. a subfamily. This new classificationwill
Authors such as Graham (1982) be employed inthe presentwork.
have suggested that few differences As most of the species included in
were found between both families and the group under consideration here
so, they could be grouped together, have a typical shell form (orbicular to
while other authors, like Moore (1965) lenticular), we must point out that
and Bieler & Mikkelsen (1988) have some species with similar shells actu-
suggested thatboth could be kept sepá- ally belong to other families: for
rate. example, the genus Cyclostrema
Rubio & Rolán (1998) reported on Marryat, 1818 is inLiotiidae Gray, 1850;
the radulae of Pachystremiscus ornatus the genera Ganesa Jeffreys, 1883,
(Olsson & McGinty, 1958) and P. pul- Lydiphnis Melvill, 1906, Dillwynella
chellus (Olsson & McGinty, 1958) and Dalí, 1889, Molleriopsis Bush, 1897 and
placed both species in the genus Lod- Leptogyra Bush, 1897 are in Turbinidae
derena (Archaeogastropoda, Skenei- Rafinesque 1815, subfamily Skeneinae
dae), considering Pachystremiscus a Clark, 1851; the genus Choristella Bush,
synonym ofLodderena. 1897 is in Lepetellidae Dalí, 1881 and
The species of tornids and vitrinel- the genus Cycíostremella Bush, 1897 is
lids are very similar in soft anatomy in Pyramidelloidea, Odostomiidae
and radula as showninRolán & Rubio Pelseneer, 1928. Some of these generic
(2002) in their report on the Tornidae of ñames have erroneously been
theeastAtlantic. employed for species included in the
Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) summa- group studiedhere.
rized the state-of-the-art for taxonomy
of the Gastropoda, casting new light on
the historical evolution of the phylum MATERIALSANDMETHODS
Mollusca. Malacologists currently con-
sider this classification a "hybrid" of Most of the material studied in the
the pre-existing traditional taxonomy present work was acquired from sedi-
based on morphological characters and ments obtained by diving or from
the more recent far-reaching revisions, dredgings and later separated with a
based on the molecular characteristics binocular lens under magnification.
of DNA and RNA. Also there are opin- Consequently most of the material is
ions about the classification of families composed of empty shells in shell grit;
into subfamilies which are often not occasionally a shell with soft parts
well resolved, and should be regarded couldbe obtained.An importantpartof
as the best possible hypotheses. In our the material studied is from Cuba, to
Opinión, the new classification of gas- which area we initially planned to limit
tropods drastically changes existing our work; this material was mainly
systematics and is an important step obtained from the collections of the
forward the gastropod nomenclature. second author in Cienfuegos Bay and
In this work, the family Tornidae Sacco, later deposited mostly at the MHNS.
1896 is divided into four subfamilies: For this reason, at the beginning of this
Torninae Sacco, 1896; Circulinae Fretter study we only examined Cuban shells.
& Graham, 1962; Teinostomatinae Coss- Subsequently we included new mater-
mann, 1917; and Vitrinellinae Bush, ial obtained by the third author on
1897. The subfamily Torninae ineludes several trips to Yucatán (México),
the genera previously placed in Tornus; Guatemala, Nicaragua, and south and
Circulinae only ineludes the genus Cir- west Cuba. Finally, we added other
culus; the subfamily Teinostomatinae materials collected by Colin Redfern in
only has the genus Teinostoma and Vit- the Bahamas, by Jacques Pelorce in
4
RUBIO ETAL.: The familyTornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean
several islands of the Caribbean, by MNHN Muséum National d'Histoire
some collectors from Itaparica, Brazil, Naturelle, Paris
and animportant quantity from the col- MPHMuseo Poey, Havana
lection of Harry G. Lee, which consid- NHMUK National History Museum
erably amplified the study geographi- United Kingdom, London
cally and in terms ofbiodiversity. Some PRI Paleontological Research Institu-
shells were lent by Mario Krisberg, and tion, NewYork
we studied types and other material in RNHL Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke
other private collections and several Historie, Leiden
Museums. USNM National Museum of Natural
History Washington
Abbreviations: YPM Peabody Museum of Natural
New
History, Yale University,
AMNH American Museum of Natural Haven, Connecticut
History, NewYork CCR collection of Colin Redfern, Boca
ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences of Ratón
Philadelphia CEG collectionofE.F. Garcia, Louisiana
FLMNH Florida Museum Natural CFG collection of R. Fernández-Garcés,
History, Gainesville Cienfuegos
IES Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, CFRcollectionofF. Rubio, Valencia
Havana CHLcollectionofHarryG. Lee, Florida
MCZ Museum of Comparative CJP collection of Pelorce, Le Grau de
J.
Zoology, Philadelphia Roí
MHNS Museo de Historia Natural CMKcollectionofM. Krisberg, Florida
"Luis Iglesias", University of San- sp specimenwithsoftparts
tiago deCompostela (collE. Rolán) s empty shell
MNCN Museo Nacional de Ciencias juvenile
j
Naturales, Madrid ffragment
SYSTEMATICPART
Superfamily Rissooidea Gray, 1847
Family Tornidae Sacco, 1896
Subfamily Circulinae Fretter & Graham, 1962
Genus Circulus Jeffreys, 1865
LydiphnisDalí, 1927,pp. 123
CirculusJeffreys, 1865: 315. British Conchology. Vol. VIII. Marine shells comprisingtheremain-
ingConchífera, theSolenoconchiaandGasteropoda asfarasLittorina.J. VanVoorst. Plenum
Press,NewYorkandLondon,393(+l)pp.,8pls+frontispiece.
Typespecies(bymonotypy):TrochusduminyiRequien, 1848(= Valvatastriata Philippi, 1836).
Diagnosis "Shell relatively strong, Dall (1927) reassigned to Lydiphnis
:
depressed;base smooth, rounded, umbili- Melville, 1906 some ofthe species placed
cus opened and deep spiral sculpture in Circulus by Bush, but without giving
presenton the dorsum and on the periph- anexplanation.
ery". Thiele (1929: 63) considered Circulus
Remarks Circulushasbeenhabitually as a genus within Cyclostrematidae and
:
treated as a section or subgenus of a mentions some details in the text about
better known genus. Fischer (1887) theradula.
places it as a subgenus of Gibbula Risso Fretter (1956) researched the
and Bush (1897) as a section of Vitrinella. anatomy of Circulus striatus (Philippi),
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Iberus, 29 (2), 2011
type species of Circulus, and found populations of both species found in
several discrepancies in Thiele in refer- Florida, in burrows in fine sand of the
ence to this genus. The radula is tae- stomatopod crustacean Lysiosquilla
nioglossate, not rhipidoglossate, and the scabricauda (Lamarck, 1818). The great
mm
animal is similar in appearance to that of size of Cyclostremiscus beaui (6-8
the Rissoidae. The animal has a pair of máximum diameter) simplified the
pallialtentaclesontherightmarginofthe detailed study of its anatomy and mor-
mantle, and epipodial tentacles are phologyandatthesametimeallowedthe
wanting. The sexes are sepárate, and the authors to confirm Fretter's (1956)
malehasapenis. hypothesis that some characters found in
Keen (1960) places the genus in Circulus striatus, are in proportion to its
Cyclostrematidae, Order Archaeogas- overallsize.
tropoda. But the detailed anatomical Ponder (1994: 258) says: "species of
work of Fretter (1956) has shown that Circulus can be defined as vitrinellids
the animal belongs in Mesogastropoda having a spirally ridged shell with a
ciósetothefamilyRissoidae. simple non varicose aperture, a simple
Specieshavebeenplacedinthegenus penis and a posteriorly notched foot
Circulus in the Caribbean, West Africa lacking a metapodial tentacle. This latter
andAustralia. Circulus striatus (Philippi) character is absent in Vitrinella texana
hasbeen found on the southeast coast of Moore, a species included in Circulus by
Europe and in the Mediterranean. Circu- Bieler&Mikkelsen(1988)".
lus liratus (A.E. Verrill, 1882) was found There are seven recent species of Cir-
from the east coast ofFlorida up to New culus described from the east coast of
EnglandintheUnitedStatesandCirculus USAand the Caribbean: Circulus liratus
semisculptus (Olsson & McGinty, 1958) (A.E. Verrill, 1882), Circulus texanus
from both coasts ofFlorida and Panama. (Moore, 1965), Circulus semisculptus
Several species havebeen described from (Olsson & McGinty, 1958), Circulus
the latter región, but apparently they orbignyi (P. Fischer, 1957), Circulus hen-
mustbereassignedtoothergenera. dersoni (Dalí, 1927), Circulus margariti-
The shells are very similar in their formis (Dalí, 1927) and Circulus translu-
general aspect to those of Solariorbis, but cens (Dalí, 1927). In the present work all
they lack the strong rib cióse to the thesetaxahavebeenstudied andfigured.
A
umbilicus. neotype is designated forC. orbignyi a
According to Moore (1964) Adeorbis taxon considered by some authors as a
orbignyi P. Fischer, 1857, described from nomen dubium, the type materialhaving
Cuba, maybe included in this genus, but been lost. Dall (1927) described C. hen-
the type in the Laboratoire de Malacolo- dersoni, C. margaritiformis and C.
MNHN
gieof islostandsoheconsidered translucens, inthe genus Lydiphnis, allof
thetaxonanomen dubium. them from deep water dredgings in
Bieler & Mikkelsen (1988) give a Georgia and Fernandina. These taxa will
complete account of the anatomy and be discussed in the section following the
reproductive biology of two species mainrevisióninasmuchaswehavedeter-
grouping them in Vitrinellidae: mined that they are not tornids but
Cyclostremiscus beaui (P. Fischer, 1857) species in Skeneinae as will be demon-
and Circulus texanus (Moore, 1965), from stratedbelow.
Circulus semisculptus (Olsson & McGinty, 1958) (Figures 1A-D)
Vitrinellasemisculpta Olsson&McGinty, 1958. BulletinsofAmerican Paleontology,39:30-31,pl.
3,figs.2-2b. [Typelocality:BocasIsland,Panama].
Typematerial:HolotyperepresentedinMoore(1964:220,fig.7).DepositedintheANSP(211888).
Notexamined.
ó
RUBIO ETAL.: The familyTornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean
Figures 1A-D. Circulussemisculptus (Olsson & McGinty, 1958). A-C: shells, 1.9, 1.6, 1.6 mm,
RanchoLunaBeach, Cuba; D: protoconch.
&
Figuras 1A-D. Circulus semisculptus (Olsson McGinty, 1958). A-C: conchas 1,9 1,6, 1,6mm,
PlayaRanchoLuna, Cuba;D:protoconcha.
LOtuhnearBmeaatcehr,ia2l0-e5x4ammin(eMdH:NCSu)b.aA:n2tsi,gRuaanacnhdoBLaurnbauBdeaa:cAhn,tiCgiueanf:u1egs,onso,r1t0h-2St0.mJoh(nM,H5N-S6)m;(3CsJ.PR).anMcahro-
tsR,eienSfiE,quRGear:ca1cnso,doPnBoaiKnhetyae,mBMaoorIngslrnaeonseds,eC,3o.61,m20m.c5,omroanlslusibnatenidadal-lgmawueidbtdohytHtoaonlmitm(hCeeHdbLaa)s.sepsof(tChHeL)r.eeBfa(hCJaPm).asFl:o1ris,daO,lUySmpAu:s1
Description: Shell (Figs. 1A-C) diameter, with 1 Vi spiral whorls
rather strong, whorls rounded with where two stages of development are
spiral sculpture on the dorsum and easily observable. Its surface is appar-
base smooth. Protoconch (Fig. ID) rel- ently smooth although some rough
atively large, about 310 |Um máximum parts are present in the terminal
7
Iberus, 29 (2), 2011
portion. A strong varix marks the sep- Panama (Olsson & McGinty, 1958);
aration from the teleoconch. Last from South Florida and Panama
whorl with 5 spiral cords distributed (Moore, 1964); from South of Florida
on the dorsal half of the whorl and Central America (Houbrick,
between the suture and the periphery. 1968); from Pórtete, Costa Rica
A fine axial striation covers the inter- (Houbrick, 1968; Robinson &
spaces between the spiral cords. Base Montoya, 1987); from south Florida
rounded, totally smooth except and the western Caribbean (Abbott,
growth lines slightly oblique, peris- 1974); from Aruba (de Jong &
tome not continuous. Coomans, 1988); from Colombia (Díaz
Habitat Moore (1964: 73) suggests Merlano & Puyana Hegedus, 1994);
:
that the species seems to prefer fromAbaco, Bahamas (Redfern, 2001).
shallow water, and all the shells in the In the present work Cuba, Antigua
type series were in beach sediments. and Martinique are added.
However, several others carne from Remarks Our material matches the
between 10 and 54 m deep. figure in Moo: re (1964: 220, fig. 7) and
Distribution: It has been recorded the shell photographed by Redfern
from Colón island and Bocas island. (2001, fig. 184) fromAbaco, Bahamas.
Circulus orbignyi (P. Fischer, 1857) (Figures 2A-D)
AdeorbisorbignyiFischer,P. 1857.Journalde Conchyliologie,6: 173. [Typelocality:Cuba].
Circulussp.:InRedfern,2001:43,pl.21,figs. 185.
MNHN
Typematerial:Theholotypeislost.Neotype(Fig.2A),heredesignated,in (24227).
COitehnefrumeagtoesriBaaly,ex2a0mmine(dM:HNCSu)b;a:11s,s,CJiiebnafcuoea,go3s-6Bamy,(3M0HmNS()M;H1NSs.)B;ar1asc.oRa,anocnhboeLaucnha(BMeHaNcSh,);125ms,
m m
(MHNS);23s.RanchoLunaBeach,10-20 (MHNS);lis.RanchoLunaBeach,45 (MHNS);1s.
m
PuntaTamarindo, 15 (MHNS). Grenadines: 1 s, Mayreau, 8m, coralline sand with coral, gor-
ignonsieedsimaenndtssp(oCJnPg)e.sNi(CcJaPr)a.gTurai:n1ids.aCdaaynodWTitotbiaesg,o1:5Tomba(gMoH,N1S)s,.HPoarsneamSaho:1esr,ePeof,rtToobeblalgoo,dCraiyfts,(C1H5Lm),.
Florida.USmA:1s,HallandaleBeach,BrowardCo.,Florida,drift(CHL).Bahamas:1s,GrandBahama
Island,0.5 onsand(CHL).
Typelocality:Cuba;theneotypeisfromRanchoLunaBeach,Cienfuegos,Cuba.
Description: Shell (Figs. 2A-C) lar reticulation. Aperture rounded, a
strong, depressed, spire slightly ele- little oblique. Columella slightly
vated, composed of 4 !4 whorls with reflected. Under high magnification,
spiral sculpture on its dorsal half and faint spiral cordlets can be seen inside
fine growth striae on the base. the umbilicus.
Umbilicus wide and deep. Protoconch Dimensions: The neotype is 2.5
mm mm
(Fig. 2D) of almost 1 3á whorls, and in diameter and 1.7 inheight.
about 302 fjm in diameter, with two Animal and radula unknown.
stages of development well sepa- Habitat: In Cuba it seems to be a
rated; initially smooth, continuing widely distributed species, most shells
m
with a slightly rough surface and 2-3 were found between 10 and 20
threads on its terminal portion. A deep.
strong varix marks the beginning of Distribution The species is known
:
the teleoconch, which is composed of from Cuba, Bahamas, the Grenadines
2 Vi rounded whorls, smooth on the and Tobago. It is mentioned from Sao
base except for growth lines, and 14 Sebastiáo, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Ríos,
to 18 spiral cords on the dorsal 2008). It has been recorded from
middle on the last whorl. Spaces Abaco, Bahamas (Redfern, 2001) as
between cords covered by fine irregu- Circulus sp.
8
RUBIO ETAL.: The familyTornidae (Gastropoda, Rissooidea) in the Caribbean
Figures 2A-D. Circulus orbignyi (P. Fischer, 1857). A: neotype, 2.5 mm (MNHN); B: shell, 2.7
mm, shell, Rancho Luna Beach, Cuba (CFG); C: 2.4 mm, CayoWitties, Nicaragua (MHNS); D:
protoconch.
Figuras2A-D. Circulus orbignyi (P. Fischer, 1857). A: neotipo, 2,5 mm (MNHN); B: concha, 2,7
mm, concha, Playa Rancho Luna, Cuba (CFG); C: 2,4mm. Cayo Witties, Nicaragua (MHNS); D:
protoconcha.
Discussion: Fischer (1857) in the (1964: 70-71) treated it as a nomen
original description of Adeorbis dubium only because the type was
orbignyi said: "It is distinguished not found. This taxon cannot be con-
from congeneric species by the regu- sidered as nomen nudum with a
larity of the ornamentation consti- good description like the one avail-
tuted by a dozen of transversal ribs able. The type, supposedly in the
placed at equal distance". Moore MNHN, is considered lost (Virginie
9
1
Iberusy 29 (2), 201
Héros pers. comm.). In our opinión we have designated a neotype in
there is no doubt that the description order to maintain nomenclatural
of this species corresponds to the stability.
shells we have from Cuba (type local- This species can be distin-
ity), where it is relatively common. guished from C. semisculptus by
For this reason and also because the the great number of spiral cords
taxon has been accepted by other tax- and the dense microsculpture
onomists (e.g., www.malacolog.org) between them.
Circulus liratus (A.E. Verrill, 1882) (Figures 3A-E)
Cyclostremiscuspentagonus auct.nonGabb, 1873.
Omalaxis lirata A.E.Verrill, 1882. Transactionsofthe ConnecticutAcademyofArts and Sciences
5: 529. In Bush, 1893, pl. 1, fig. 11-12]. [Type locality: USFC sta. 770, offNewport, Rhode
Island, 16m].
Typematerial:HolotypeinUSNM(406741).Notexamined.
Othermaterialexamined:Florida,USA:1s,AtlanticBeach,DuvalCo.(CHL);4s,30m,35miESt.
Augustine,St.JohnsCo.(CHL);2s,53m,75miESt.Augustine,St.JohnsCo.(CHL);4s,16thAve.
S,JacksonvilleBeach,DuvalCo. (CHL).
Description: After Moore Distribution: East coast of
(1964: 74): "Shell depressed, Florida to Rhode Island. Recorded
rather thick, whorls rounded, from Newport, Rhode Island
inner half of base smooth. Spiral (Verrill, 1882); from off Cape
sculpture of about eight to ten Hatteras, North Carolina (Bush,
spiral ridges separated by 1897); from Rockaway, New York
grooves only slightly wider. and off Lantana, Florida (Moore,
Umbilicus wide and deep" Pro- 1964); from St. Lucie Co., Florida
.
toconch projecting with nearly 2 (Lyons, 1989), from Atlantic
3A smooth whorls, about 530 pm Beach, Jacksonville Beach, Batten
in máximum diameter. Teleo- Island and St. Augustine, Florida
conch with only 1 Vi whorls, (Lee, 2009).
ornamented with 10 spiral cords Remarks: C. liratus is the only
distributed between the dorsum species of Circulus from the West
and the outer base. The inter- Indies similar in morphological
spaces are wider, without axial characters to Circulus striatus
sculpture except fine growth (Philippi, 1836) type species of the
lines. Base fíat, without sculp- genus. C. liratus has been placed
ture. Umbilicus wide, the previ- in the genera Lydiphnis and
ous whorls being visible in its Skenea. Circulus liratus differs
interior, and delimited by a from C. semisculptus by its pro-
strong cord and 2-3 more on its jecting protoconch while C. semi-
inner wall. sculptus is almost planispiral.
Holotype measures 2.1 mm. Solariorbis mooreana (Vanatta,
mm
The figured shells are 2.3-2.7 1904) is similar but it has a
mm
in diameter and about 1.01 in narrow umbilicus and lacks the
height. thickening of the umbilical wall,
Habitat This species seems to which is typical of the Solariorbis;
:
be found living in depths of a few also this latter species lacks orna-
meters (Moore, 1964). The mentation in the interspaces
bathimetry reported in the litera- between cords, and these cords do
ture is between 7 and 165 m. not extend to the base.
10