The Expositio super Danielem of Andrew of St. Victor : a critical edition together with a survey of the medieval interpretation of Daniel [PhD thesis]

530 Pages·1983·20.16 MB·English

by  Mark Allen Zier

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THE EXPOSITIO SUPER DANIELEM OF ANDREW OF ST. VICTOR
A CRITICAL EDITION TOGETHER WITH A SURVEY OF THE
MEDIEVAL LATIN INTERPRETATION OF 'DANIEL
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by
Mark Allen Zier
Centre for Medieval Studies
A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements^
for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the'
University of Toronto •
c)Mark Allen Zier 1983
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revised August 1973
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university' of-Toronto
SCHOOL OF GRADUATE*STUDi?S
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PROGRAM ^'THE FINAL ORAL EXAMINATION
FOR THE DEGREE OF l)OCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
OF
MARK A. ZIER
2:00 p.m., Wednesday, April 2-7, 1983' ■*
Room 309, 63 St. George Street ■
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THE EXPOSITIO SUPER DANIELEM t)F ANDREW OF ST. VICTOR: A.CRITICAL
EDITION TOGETHER WITH A SURVEY OF THE MEDIEVAL LATIN ’
INTERPRETATION OF DANIEL . ^
Committee in Charge:
Professor J2.D.E. Tolton, Chairman
Professor L. Boyle, Supervisor . .
Professor Ji Reilly, Internal Appraiser
Professor M. Sheehan /
Professor B.-Stock ^
Professor N. Zacour
Professor G. Zinn, External Examiner
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, jj ' Dissertation Abstract/ ^
"The Exposi tio- super Danielem of- Andrew of St. Victor
A Critical Edition tbgether^wr£>/a Survey of the-
Medieval Latir(jyiterpretation of Daniel"
by Mark A. Zier '
Jerome's commentary on Daniel sets the tone in many ways for the
medieval interpretation of Daniel. it is laryely historical and
philological in content because of.Jerome's explicit purpose to refute
the attack of tr.e Neoplatonist Porphyry. Raban Maur (d.856) recopied
the bu\_of Jerome, inserting occasional comments frpin Ambrosiaster,
Gregory, and Bede, and adding hi s.own remarks. ^
In tne 12tn c. Gilbert Universa-l (d. 1134)* condensed and adapted
uerome's text to the exigencies of introducing stpdents to the B-ible.
Gilbert's is the first such 'scnool text' and seems to have bectJme the
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I2th‘c. Glossa Ordinaria for Daniel. The Expositio of Andrew of St.
Victor (d.1175) provides a counterpoint to’Jerome, dealing in depth
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with chronologica.1 obscurities passed over by Jerome, as at'Dn 1.1,
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2.1,*9.24-27t etc.’ His work also reflects his conversations with con-
temporary rabbis. Rashi and his school seem to be the ultimate sources.
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for the Jewish opinions reported by Andrew. But most important to the
Christian commentators of the next century was Andrew’s method of
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amplifying the text in order to bring out its nuances. The Histories
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of Peter Comestor (d.1^80) seem to refl-ect some knowledge of Andrew's
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Expositio, though the commentaries on Daniel by Peter£antor and
Stephen Langton do not. . . . ■ "
Joachim of Fi'ore (d. 1202) introduces a new interpretation of Daniel
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that gradually grows in popularity, at least up to the time of Nicholas
ef. Lyra. Joachim suggests that the historical meaning of the
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text is apocalyptic as early as the vision of Dn 8, the.ram and
the he-goat. , Jerome had'placed the apocalyptic emphasis only at
Dn. 11.21.
^ Hugh of St. Cher (d.1263.) represents a more historical
•approach to the text. His comments breath the spirit, of Andrew,
whose Exposi tio he cites anonymously o-verl 100 times. Hugh . •
establishes the tradition of seeing the visi'ons as ‘sacramenta1
of the event$ of Christ’s life. Albert the Great (d. 12-80). follows
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Gilbert and Peter Comestor, pausing occasionally to discuss
pastoral concerns such as penahce. John de Murro (d.1313), who
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owned a manuscript containing most of Andrew's works, shows
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Andrew's care fdr the historical meaning of theHext, but at the
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same time extends Joachim's apocalyptic understanding systema-,
tically to all the visions of Dn 7-12. Johp's work is admirably .
.suited tp the nfeds of preaching. Nichplas of Lyra (d.1349)
-draws, on John's work, and displays an encyclopedic knowledge not
only of the Fathers, but also of the 13th c. scholastics. The
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tension!between history and apocalyptic seems to have contributed
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to Lyrars development of a double-1fteral sense.
The present edition is based on three manuscripts: Cambridge,
Pembroke College, MS 45 (early 13th c , Effc^y St. Edmund's), Paris,
Bibliotheque nationale, MS lat. 574 (late 15th c., Naples), and.
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Vatican’City, Biblioteca Apostolica, MS Vat. lat. 1053 (late 13th
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o., Paris). The edition is prefaced by a thorough codicological
investigation of both the contents and context of the manuscripts,
and accompanied by an apparatus criticus and apparatus fontiurn.
Acknowledgements
}he present research would have been impossible without
the-mater'ial assistance*of the Social Sciences and Humanities
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Research Council of Canada and the Ministry ,pf Colleges .and ^
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Universities of the Province of Ontario. Their support
allowed mf to djevote my full attention to the work" at hand^^^d
provided me with the opportunity to make a physical v .
examination of the manuscripts that are the basis of the
present edition.
^ I must also express my gratitude to those who helped me
over the bureaucratic hurdles inevitably encountered in
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visiting libraries: Hsgr. J. Ruysschaert of the Biblioteca
Apostolica Vaticana, D. Block of the Bibliotheque nationale/
.Paris, H. Langley of 'tAe Bodleian Library, Oxford, and A.E.B.
Ow.en of the University Library, Cambridge.
Finally, a word of thanks is in order to K. Hamilton for
the skill and care with which she haB prepared the typescript
of this thesis. ' A
' ' x M.A. Zier
Lent, 1983
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Table of.Contents
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Preface ■ / ' . 1 1 1
' PART I
ifft Introduction to the\Medieval Ipteqgi&etation of Daniel:
A Selected Survey ffro|n Jerome to. Jliigjj^las of Lyri
Introduction . 1*
The Book of Daniel: History of the Text' 6*
Jerome > 16*
Raban Maur ’ \ • 31*
Gilbert Universal ' ' - ^0*
AndreW of.St. Victor *— *
Peter Comestor *05*
Joachim of Fiore , 117-*
Hugh of St. Cher / *' 13C1*
Albert the Great- I 1^7*
John dW Murro \ ‘ *5^*.
Nicholas- of Lyra \ ; * 172*’’
Conclusion ' \ 200*
Appendix A a \ ■ - , 204*
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part 1;
.Andrew of St. Victor, Expositio super Danielem:
A Critical Edition
The Mahu^cripts * „ • . 208*
The Tradition of the Text ■ t - ' 232*
Head Notes. • - * • - - 242*
Abbreviations ‘ • ' 2^3*
The Expositio Super Danielem of Andrew of St. Victor 1
Bibliography B1
It is ironic but true that the largest single category of
theological writings in the Middle Ages, i.e. biblical
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commentaries, have received th'e least study from modern
scholars. To be sure, the commentaries of-Albert, Thomas, and
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Bonaventure have received a good deal of attention of late,
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but their wcSrk is only the tip of a huge iceberg. The pioneer
studies of B. Smalley, C. Spicg ahdl H. de Lubac, who *m
themselves built upon the foundations laid by H. Denifle, Mv
Grabmann and S. Berger, remain unsurpassed for their scope and
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grasp of this field. . 1
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Contributing to the relative dearth of- modern scholarship
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is the near non-existence of modern Editions for the vast bulk
of this literature. Oniy'^s more of these wprks find their
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way into print will it be possible to evaluate accurately
.their impact, not only on\the development of biblical studies
and theology in general, but also.,on medieval culture as a
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whole.’ X
The present work an attempt to provide both a critical
edition of a work written by a key figure\in the medieval
interpretation of the Bible, namely, the Expos1tio super
Danielem of Andrew of St. Victor (d. 1175), Vs "well as a study
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of that work fixing it in the spectrum of Latin commentaries
from Jerome to Nicholas of Lyra. The stu^y serves as an