The Evolution of the Primate Hand: Anatomical, Developmental, Functional, and Paleontological Evidence

587 Pages·2016·18.74 MB·English

by  Tracy L. Kivell

Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects
Series Editor:
Louise Barrett
Tracy L. Kivell
Pierre Lemelin
Brian G. Richmond
Editors
Daniel Schmitt
The Evolution
of the
Primate Hand
Anatomical, Developmental, Functional,
and Paleontological Evidence
Developments in Primatology: Progress
and Prospects
Series Editor
Louise Barrett
Lethbridge , Alberta , Canada
More information about this series at h ttp://www.springer.com/series/5852

Tracy L. Kivell • Pierre Lemelin
Brian G. Richmond • Daniel Schmitt
Editors
The Evolution
of the Primate Hand
Anatomical, Developmental, Functional,
and Paleontological Evidence
Editors
Tracy L. Kivell Pierre Lemelin
Animal Postcranial Evolution (APE) Lab Division of Anatomy
Skeletal Biology Research Centre Department of Surgery
School of Anthropology and Conservation Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry,
University of Kent University of Alberta
Canterbury, UK Edmonton , AB , Canada
Department of Human Evolution
Daniel Schmitt
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Department of Evolutionary Anthropology
Anthropology
Duke University
Leipzig , Germany
Durham , NC , USA
Brian G. Richmond
Division of Anthropology
American Museum of Natural History
New York , NY , USA
Department of Human Evolution
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary
Anthropology
Leipzig, Germany
ISSN 1574-3489 ISSN 1574-3497 (electronic)
Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects
ISBN 978-1-4939-3644-1 ISBN 978-1-4939-3646-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3646-5
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016935857
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
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Foreword
Rarely are we privileged to witness the appearance of a book that strikes out in a
completely new, groundbreaking direction and will accelerate a major fi eld of
research. The new direction of this book on the evolution of the primate hand is
toward a comprehensive, highly informed, critical review of the subject in chapters,
not by a single author but by a team of experts actively involved in the varied fi elds
that contribute to the understanding of the subject. The team approach ensures uni-
form high quality of the review together with a shared underlying theme (the vari-
ability of primate hands upon a shared primitive pattern). Acceleration of research
on the evolution of the hand will be the inevitable result of the team’s having laid a
deep, broad foundation of knowledge and ideas for the production of new
investigations.
This highly readable collection of chapters will be a welcomed resource to all
who are interested in the human hand, its functions, and its origins. There is a fasci-
nation with hands and their expression of human behavior, manifest in representa-
tions ranging from the walls of prehistoric caves to the Social Programs Bas-relief
created by Robert Graham at the Roosevelt Memorial on the Washington D.C. mall.
Hand surgeons marvel to me at the dexterity and adaptability of the human hand to
its varied roles, and teachers lament the trend away from “hands-on” activities that
enhance learning in K-12 science courses and even in medical anatomy laborato-
ries. It seems to them almost as if our hand was freed from locomotion only to
become captive to computer keyboards! All these readers will fi nd that most of our
remarkable manipulative capabilities originated early in our primate ancestry and
may be understood in the context of nonhuman primate locomotor and manipulative
behavior, including the constant interaction of touch and proprioceptive cues in
learning about the physical and social environment.
For the fi rst time we fi nd in a single book descriptions of all currently known
human and nonhuman primate fossil hand bones, together with detailed descriptive
and quantitative data on living primate musculoskeletal hand anatomy, develop-
ment, and uses that inform functional and phylogenetic analyses of the fossils. In
addition, we are introduced to the most recent developments in approaches to fi ne-
tuning these analyses. Three chapters review experiments involving new techniques
v
vi Foreword
for imaging, motion capture, and hand pressure recording, along with sophisticated
modeling of joint movements and stresses in locomotor and manipulative behavior.
Readers learn about the wide variety and impressive fl exibility of primate hand
postures during locomotion as well as manipulation and are encouraged to expand
studies to include active haptic sensing of shapes, weights, and textures of objects
with which primates interact in their environment. A chapter on hand development
brings the reader up to date on the current understanding of genetic and develop-
mental factors in phenotypic variation and addresses potential for and constraints on
phylogenetic change in the hands of primates. Especially welcome in a new book on
primate hand evolution are chapters on the comparative morphology of hand integ-
ument and on neural control of the hand.
Most impressive is the tremendous effort made by the authors not only to review
the literature critically in each area but also to summarize extensive, detailed infor-
mation in tables and to provide drawings and photographs that are informative and
relevant to the text. Careful attention is given to the defi nitions and uses of terms for
anatomical features, grips, thumb and fi nger movements, and taxonomic categories,
which should at last reduce confusion in the literature. Here is a springboard for new
research that will enable us to communicate knowledgeably and effectively about
how our future fi ndings relate to the fi ndings of our current and former colleagues.
I n their suggestions for future directions in research, the authors echo persistent
calls in the literature for more fossils, especially for associated elements of the hand
and evidence from the early evolutionary stages of the genus H omo . They strongly
emphasize in addition the need for comparative studies and functional analyses of
morphological variability within and among a much larger range of primate species.
However, their book also reveals the large store of data already available for func-
tional and phylogenetic analysis of living and fossil primate hands, and the chal-
lenge now will be to keep the book up to date as the future research they propose
comes to fruition. It is a great personal pleasure to introduce the book, which will be
an invaluable resource for all whose work in evolutionary biology and human health
care focuses on the fascinating diversity of primate hands. The editors deserve con-
gratulations for their powerful concept and for their monumental achievement.
Mary W. Marzke
School of Human Evolution and Social Change
Arizona State University
Tempe, AZ, USA
Contents
1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 1
Tracy L. Kivell , Pierre Lemelin , Brian G. Richmond ,
and Daniel Schmitt
2 On Primitiveness, Prehensility, and Opposability
of the Primate Hand: The Contributions of Frederic Wood
Jones and John Russell Napier .............................................................. 5
Pierre Lemelin and Daniel Schmitt
Part I Anatomical and Developmental Evidence
3 The Primate Wrist .................................................................................. 17
Tracy L. Kivell
4 Morphological Diversity in the Digital Rays of Primate Hands ......... 55
Biren A. Patel and Stephanie A. Maiolino
5 The Role of Genes and Development in the Evolution
of the Primate Hand ................................................................................ 101
Campbell Rolian
6 Organization and Evolution of the Neural Control
of the Hand in Primates: Motor Systems, Sensory Feedback,
and Laterality .......................................................................................... 131
Andrey Verendeev , Chet C. Sherwood , and William D. Hopkins
7 Anatomy, Function, and Evolution of the Primate
Hand Musculature .................................................................................. 155
Pierre Lemelin and Rui Diogo
8 Comparative and Functional Morphology of the Primate
Hand Integument .................................................................................... 195
Stephanie A. Maiolino , Amanda K. Kingston , and Pierre Lemelin
vii
viii Contents
Part II Biomechanical, Experimental and Behavioral Evidence
9 Functional Morphology of the Primate Hand: Recent
Approaches Using Biomedical Imaging, Computer Modeling,
and Engineering Methods ...................................................................... 227
Caley M. Orr
10 Experimental Research on Hand Use and Function in Primates ....... 259
Evie E. Vereecke and Roshna E. Wunderlich
11 Biomechanics of the Human Hand: From Stone Tools
to Computer Keyboards ......................................................................... 285
Erin Marie Williams-Hatala
12 Functions of the Hand in Primates ........................................................ 313
Dorothy M. Fragaszy and Jessica Crast
13 Patterns, Variability, and Flexibility of Hand Posture
During Locomotion in Primates ............................................................ 345
Daniel Schmitt , Angel Zeininger , and Michael C. Granatosky
Part III Paleontological Evidence
14 Hands of Paleogene Primates ................................................................. 373
Doug M. Boyer , Gabriel S. Yapuncich , Stephen G.B. Chester ,
Jonathan I. Bloch , and Marc Godinot
15 The Hands of Subfossil Lemurs ............................................................. 421
Laurie R. Godfrey , M ichael C. Granatosky , and William L. Jungers
16 The Hands of Fossil Non-hominoid Anthropoids ................................. 455
Terry Harrison and Thomas R. Rein
17 The Hands of Miocene Hominoids ........................................................ 485
Masato Nakatsukasa , Sergio Almécija , and David R. Begun
18 Evolution of the Early Hominin Hand .................................................. 515
Brian G. Richmond , Neil T. Roach , and Kelly R. Ostrofsky
19 The Evolution of the Hand in Pleistocene Homo .................................. 545
Erik Trinkaus
Index ................................................................................................................. 573
Contributors
Sergio Almécija Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology,
Department of Anthropology , The George Washington University , Washington ,
DC , USA
D epartment of Anatomical Sciences, S tony Brook University School of Medicine,
Stony Brook , NY , USA
Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont , Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
David R. Begun Department of Anthropology , University of Toronto , Toronto ,
ON , Canada
Jonathan I. Bloch Florida Museum of Natural History , University of Florida ,
Gainesville , FL , USA
Doug M. Boyer Department of Evolutionary Anthropology , Duke University ,
Durham , NC , USA
Stephen G. B. Chester Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Brooklyn
College , CUNY , Brooklyn , NY , USA
Department of Anthropology , Graduate Center of the City University of New York ,
New York , NY , USA
New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology , New York , NY , USA
Jessica Crast Yerkes National Primate Research Center , Emory University ,
Atlanta , GA , USA
Rui Diogo D epartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, H oward University,
Washington , DC , USA
Dorothy M. Fragaszy Department of Psychology , University of Georgia , Athens ,
GA , USA
ix