The Evolution of Social Behaviour in Insects and Arachnids

549 Pages·1997·41.66 MB·English

by  Jae C. Choe

The Evolution of Social Behavior
in Insects and Arachnids
In the broad array of human diversity, George Eickwort
stood out as one of those who was both delightful and
productive to be with. Whether as a student, a teacher,
a co-researcher, or whatever else, he worked hard while
always managing to be both stimulating and entertaining to
those around him. I always felt I was fortunate to have him
as a student and friend. He is much missed.
C. D. Michener
We dedicate this volume to the memory and inspiration of George Eickwort.
Jf.Q Choe & B. J. Crespi
The Evolution of
Social Behavior
in Insects and Arachnids
Edited by
JAE C. CHOE Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, USA
Seoul National University, Korea
and BERNARD J. CRESPI Simon Fraser University, Canada
CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY PRESS
PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, United Kingdom
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, United Kingdom
40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA
10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia
© Cambridge University Press 1997
This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press
First published in 1997
Typeset in MT Ehrhardt 9/12pt
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data
The evolution of social behavior in insects and arachnids/edited by
Jae C. Choe and Bernard J. Crespi.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0 521 58028 5 (he). - ISBN 0 521 58977 0 (pbk.)
1. Insects - Behavior. 2. Arachnida - Behavior. 3. Behavior
evolution. 4. Social evolution in animals. I. Choe, Jae C. II. Crespi,
Bernard J.
QL496.E95 1997
595.7051-dc20 96-2861CIP
ISBN 0 521 58028 5 hardback
ISBN 0 521 58977 0 paperback
Transferred to digital printing 2004
Contents
Contributors xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Introduction 1
BERNARD J. CRESPI AND JAE C. CHOE
1 Are behavioral classifications blinders to studying natural variation? 8
WILLIAM T. WCISLO
2 Life beneath silk walls: a review of the primitively social Embiidina 14
JANICE S. EDGERLY
3 Postovulation parental investment and parental care in cockroaches 26
CHRISTINE A. NALEPA AND WILLIAM J. BELL
4 The spectrum of eusociality in termites 52
JANET S. SHELLMAN-REEVE
5 Maternal care in the Hemiptera: ancestry, alternatives, and current adaptive value 94
DOUGLAS W. TALLAMYAND CARL SCHAEFER
6 Evolution of paternal care in the giant water bugs (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) 116
ROBERT L. SMITH
7 The evolution of sociality in aphids: a clone's-eye view 150
DAVID L. STERN AND WILLIAM A. FOSTER
8 Ecology and evolution of social behavior among Australian gall thrips and their allies 166
BERNARD J. CRESPI AND LAURENCE A. MOUND
9 Interactions among males, females and offspring in bark and ambrosia beetles: the significance of 181
living in tunnels for the evolution of social behavior
LAWRENCE R. KIRKENDALL, DEBORAH S. KENTAND KENNETH A. RAFFA
10 Biparental care and social evolution in burying beetles: lessons from the larder 216
ANNE-KATRIN EGGERT AND JOSEF KARL MULLER
11 Subsocial behavior in Scarabaeinae beetles 237
GONZALO HALFFTER
12 The evolution of social behavior in Passalidae (Coleoptera) 260
JACKC. SCHUSTER AND LAURA B. SCHUSTER
13 The evolution of social behavior in the augochlorine sweat bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) 270
based on a phylogenetic analysis of the genera
BRYAN N. DANFORTH AND GEORGE C. EICKWORT
14 Demography and sociality in halictine bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) 293
DOUGLAS YANEGA
X CONTENTS
15 Behavioral environments of sweat bees (Halictinae) in relation to variability in social organization 316
WILLIAM T. WCISLO
16 Intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with social evolution in allodapine bees 333
M. P. SCHWARZ, L. X. SILBERBAUER AND P. S. HURST
17 Cooperative breeding in wasps and vertebrates: the role of ecological constraints 347
H. JANE BROCKMANN
18 Morphologically 'primitive'ants: comparative review of social characters, and the importance 372
of queen-worker dimorphism
CHRISTIAN PEETERS
19 Social conflict and cooperation among founding queens in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 392
JAE C. CHOE AND DAN L. PERLMAN
20 Social evolution in the Lepidoptera: ecological context and communication in larval societies 407
JAMES T. COSTA AND NAOMI E. PIERCE
21 Sociality and kin selection in Acari 443
YUTAKA SAITO
22 Colonial web-building spiders: balancing the costs and benefits of group-living 458
GEORGE W. UETZ AND CRAIG S. HIEBER
23 Causes and consequences of cooperation and permanent-sociality in spiders 476
LETICIA AVILES
24 Explanation and evolution of social systems 499
BERNARD J. CRESPI AND JAE C. CHOE
Organism index 525
Subject index 537
Contributors
LETICIA AVILES DEBORAH S. KENT
Department of Ecology & Environmental Biology, University of Research Division, State Forests of New South Wales, P.O. Box
Arizona, Tuscon, AZ 85721, USA. 100, Beecroft 2119 NSW, Australia.
WILLIAM J. BELL LAWRENCE R. KIRKENDALL
Haworth Hall, Department of Entomology, University of Kansas, University of Bergen, Zoological Institute, Allegaten 41, N-5007
Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. Bergen, Norway.
H. JANE BROCKMANN
LAURENCE A. MOUND
Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell
32611, USA.
Road, London SW7 5BD, UK (present address: Department of
JAE. C. CHOE
Entomology, CSIRO, Black Mountain, Canberra ACT 2601,
Department of Biology, Seoul National University, Kwanak-Gu,
Australia).
Shillim-Dong San 56-1, Seoul, Korea; and Museum of Zoology,
JOSEF K. MULLER
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA.
Zoologisches Institut der Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat,
JAMES T. COSTA
Albertstrasse 21a, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University,
Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. CHRISTINE A. NALEPA
Department of Entomology, Gardner Hall, North Carolina State
BERNARD J. CRESPI
University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University,
Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6. CHRISTIAN PEETERS
BRYAN A. DANFORTH CNRS (URA 667), Laboratoire d'Ethologie Experimental et
Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Comparee, Universite Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France.
Ithaca NY 14853, USA. (present address: Laboratoire d'Ecologie, CNRS URA 258,
JANICE S.EDGERLY Universite Paris 6, Campus Jussieu, 7 Quai Saint Bernard,
F-75252 Paris 05, France).
Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara,
CA 95053, USA. DAN L. PERLMAN
ANNE-KATRIN EGGERT Geological Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138,
Zoologisches Institut der Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat, USA.
Albertstrasse 21a, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany. NAOMI E. PIERCE
GEORGE C. EICKWORT Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University,
Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Ithaca NY 14853, USA.
KENNETH A. RAFFA
WILLIAM A. FOSTER
Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 237 Russell
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing
Laboratory, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
YUTAKA SAITO
GONZALO HALFFTER
Laboratory of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido
Instituto de Ecologia, AC km 2.5 Antigua Carretera a Coatepec,
University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060, Japan.
Xalapa, 91000, Veracruz, Mexico.
CRAIG S. HIEBER CARL SCHAEFER
Department of Biology, Saint Anselm College, Manchester NH Department of Ecology & Environmental Biology, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, CT 0629-3043.
03102-1323, USA.
P. S. HURST JACKC. SCHUSTER
School of Biological Sciences, The Flinders University of South Departamento de Biologia, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala,
Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001 SA, Australia. Apartado 82, Ciudad Guatemala, Guatemala.
CONTRIBUTORS
LAURA B. SCHUSTER DOUGLAS W. TALLAMY
Departamento de Biologia, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Department of Entomology & Applied Ecology, Delaware
Apartado 82, Ciudad Guatemala, Guatemala. Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture,
M. P. SCHWARZ University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303, USA.
School of Biological Sciences, The Flinders University of South
Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. GEORGE W. UETZ
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati,
JANET S. SHELLMAN-REEVE
Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006, USA.
Section of Neurobiology & Behavior, Seely G. Mudd Hall, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
WILLIAM T.WCISLO
L. X. SILBERBAUER Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa,
Department of Zoology, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria Panama (correspondence to: Smithsonian Tropical Research
3083, Australia. Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948, USA).
ROBERT L. SMITH
Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ DOUGLAS YANEGA
85721, USA. Department of Entomology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
DAVID L. STERN 66045, USA (present address: Illinois Natural History Service,
Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton 607 E. Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, USA).
University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA (present address:
Wellcome/CRC Institute and Department of Genetics, Tennis
Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK).
Acknowledgements
For reviews of one or more chapters, we are grateful to E. O.Wilson. For a visit to Ann Arbor that was instrumen-
A. Bourke, D. Bell, J. Borden, D. Edmonds, T. Fitzgerald, tal in organizing and producing this book, we are grateful
G. Gries, B. Heming, S. Lewis, P. Luykx, C. D. Michener, to R. D. Alexander and the University of Michigan
N. Moran, L. Packer, H. K. Reeve, M. Richards, I. Robert- Museum of Zoology. For enthusiasm and dedication, we
son, M. Scott, J. Strassmann, S. Trumbo, P. Ward, and the thank our editor, Tracey Sanderson. And for love,
authors themselves. For inspiration, we thank R. D. Alexan- patience, and support we thank our families, friends, and
der, W D. Hamilton, B. Holldobler, C. D. Michener and cats; they taught us the true meanings of cooperation.