The Evolution of Christs and Christianities

653 Pages·2006·15.99 MB·English

by  Jay Raskin

T E JEvoLUTKON OJF
CHRR§T§ AND CHRR§TRANRTRE§
]AY RASKIN
Copgyhrit2©0 0b6yj aRya skin.
LiabrryC oonfg rNeusmseb r: 2000579373
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l9.U4
T E EvoLUTION OF
CHRli§T§ AND CHRli§TliANliTliE§
CoNTENTS
Lisotf I llustr...a...t...i...o...n...s... .................................................................. 11
InterWneebts itfeosIr l lustr..a...t...i...o...n....s... ........................................1 1
Fo re\v..o...r...d... ...........................................................................................1. 3
Introduction 1 7
..................................................................................................
A NewV ie.w. ...............................................1.7.. ................................................
EloarbatoifMo aniC no nce.p...t..s. .... ........ .... .....1 8
....... ........... ... ............... .......
NarratoAlrocghiaceAaopllp iolegtdyoJ seuMso'ht e.r.. ........... 23
........ .. ........
CroSscse Rneec onst.r..u..c..t..i..o.n... ...............2. 7
... .... ............... ...... .. .......
Chapt1e:rE u seubsit heM asteFro rg.e...r... ............................................ 3 9
TheH istotrhyia Nsto "ta P erefcatn Cdo meptlHeis otry.". ........39
... ........ ...
Eusebainuds Mtiahrceu lFoouusn doifCn hrgi sCthiuarnc h.e.s. ..4.6. ............
1T.h eC hucrha t Ed.e.s...s..a ... .........................4 6
.. .................. ..... .... .... .....
2T.h eC hucrho fJ erus.a.l.e..m... .......................4.9. .
..... .... ..... ....... ... ...... . ...
3T.h eC hucrha Cta eesaa. r .. ............................ .61
............... . . ... ......... . . .......
TheD aughtoefPr hsi aldniC pa eesaaa rdnt hEeR AH ypothe..s...i..s..6 3
. . . . ..
SaisWn hto HUeslU pn dersHtoawEn usde bWioursk .e.d ........7..0.. .... ..........
1G.r egaodnrB ya s.i..l.. ...........................................7.0.
. . .. .. . .. . .... ..... ... ...... . .
2j.re on.1..e. ...... .. ............................. . ... 7 3
.... .................... ..... .. .. ... . ................
DoubAtbso Euutes biSuuspe psrs.e.d.. ...............................7.6. .
... .. ...... ........ .....
PhoislopahnySd t y.l.e. ..... .... ... ..... ....79
.......... ...... ....................... ...................... .
EuseibuTsel'(l TE ).. .... ............................... 80
. ... ................... .. ... ........ .. ..... .... .. ..
ElveeMno erC asoefEsu sebiTurpose'
ThrPeeeh rapCso inciUdseeonsfPt ahalrs Sesi milar to
EusbeTbroipues.. '. ...... ......................92
............ ........... .. ........ ....... ......
InD efeonfEsu ees buis. ...... ..........................94
.......... ........... ... ....... ........ ... .......
CheckEiTn. g. . . ............................ ....95
.......................... ..... ..... ... ....... ... ......... ....
DiEdu seubsi kMeIa tnerpoliatntoOi tohPneesro pTlexet'ss.? .. .98
..............
RecotnrcsutioTnac iotCfuh isrs tRieafne r.e.nc.e. .....l.0 . ........................
I
TheE ndnigo fE uesbeHaisnot r.y..:.. .... .......................130
..... ........ ... . ..... .... .....
TheE votliuoofCn h irsti.a..n.i..t..y. ... ............ ......1 40
...... ................ . .............. ...
Chapt2e:rN on-EusebHeiasnt o...r...y... .................................................1 09
FouBror aSdt aogfeE sal rCyh rtaiinsH isotry. .......... .1 90
.... ............... .......
NoStt arwtiitPnhag u .l.. ................................................1..01
. . ... ..... .. . ...... .... .. . . . .
TerutlltihaMena stRehre tor.i.c.i.a..n.. ................1 01
............. ..... ... ............ .......
Chapt3e:rM aryt,h eA uthoorft heW ordB ecomFel es...h... .............. 118
\Vhaaertt hGeo spe.l.s..?.. ...............................................1...81... .................. .....
NewP arad:Bi eggmisnDneicnogn stru.cti.on. . 102
..........................................
AnE xapmloeft hEear sionft\g h rfyr otmh Nea rrative 132
............................
TwoM otsio ffM arkt hMaatyR efltehcLetie of flVIark. 172
............................
1T.h eF eaFra citonar !\r kl
2S.e crienc yrM kSa:pe rad Wtorhde,
BuDto nT'eltAl n yoAnbeo Muet !
Guradijnegs Tuons1'b ... . .. 143
............................................................................
Diffreencien sE tnhiden ogft\s a lrakn Mda tthew 163
......................................
TimOeuotfjoint 193
.........................................................................................
joh!\n- lajkeesisuno stt hSea circiLifaamlbo fG od . . 104
.................................
Whyd itdh teh rWeomee nC omteot hTeom b? . .. . .134
....................................
AS ymboClhiagcneD :e aotnht hPer eparDaatfyio Proa ns sov.e.r.. 1.64
..... ...
Thel\ olduOsp earndofiM arka ntdh Eea rlGioseproe fJl o hn .194
.................
TheN umebroofmWeantt hTeom b 105
..........................................................
TheO rigEindnianlg . . 151
..................................................................................
Changientsh Per eparDaatGyio osnpo efJl o hn . 125
.......................................
FrisRte constorfUu rTcotmibSo cne ne . . .... 135
..........................................
WhyM akrm adJee sDuesa fdoT rh reDea ys . . 175
...........................................
TheS ecoDneda otfJh e sSutso Ornyt :h Pea ssDoaveyr .1 85
..........................
TheS cihzojisedu s . . .161
....................................................................................
CrowiCnogc ks 136
..............................................................................................
Why isi tnMh aCero yu rtoyfta hrHedgi hP rie.st? 186
.....................................
ReconstorfFua crteiwSoecnle ln e .. . . 107
...................................................
ReconstorfFu acertwieSolcnle #n2e . 127
.................................................
PetGeerta snE afrul . 127
....................................................................................
ReconstorfEuacCrtuitotSnic negne 147
...................................................
ReconstorfCu ocruttiyoSancr edn e. ... . 1 7 5
.................................................
ReconstorfJu ecstsuCi sao'pnet ur .. . 167
.....................................................
ReconstorfJu ecstsuCi sao'pnet # u2r .. .. 187
...............................................
Reconstorfu]cetssCi uaospnr't e#u3 . ............................1.08. ....................
l\1ya,Dr augehrotf A nnaWsie,fo fCaiaphas .128
............................................. ..
ReconstorfMu acyrt'Iisdo enn tit.y. . ..'.1 .38. .
...............................................
TheS ecIreedntt oifJt eys us 138
........................................................................
SumamroyfP assGoovseprRe elc onstMruarckitT sih odinG r:e naetri1o58n
HitsorAincaalloy fJs oipssheC aiapahnMadas yr 168
.......................................
WasM ayr Sat epmoatnhLdeo vroe fJr e su.s..?.. ............1.7.8 ...........................
FeltihExeg yptaintadhn Ce a puetro nt hMeo unotfO lives 198
....................
ScenBaerhiiot nhFdei srGto spTeexlt : 129
......................................................
TheR eaNla moef RtehaeMl a nt hwaatCs r uiceiidfl'vn l ya'trsa le 139
..........
TheO rigEindnailno gft hGeo spoefLl uk e 149
..............................................
Reconcsttioroftun h Fei nSacle intneh Geo spoefLl u ek 179
..................
Chapt4e:rA New FeminiPsatr adifgomUr n derstanding
theE volutoifot nh eG ospe..l..s.... .................................................... 2.01
BatmBaengs ia ns.J esBuesg ins .. ..205
.............................................................. .
HeW hoG etSsal ppetdhC:er uicxiifaosPno l tD evice 211
.............................
Farnkenasntde ijne .sus 213
...............................................................................
CompariosfFo rnae nnsktietnot hPea ssGoovsepre l
byM aryM agdalene . . . ... . 214
........................................................................
Lettoefr!sV. I.a.r.y ....................................2...1..4.. ............................ ..................
jesaunsAd l Tlh aJtza z 220
.................................................................................
Chaigcaosa P aramd Tiexgtfor t hGeo spels . 220
..............................................
TheByo tRhe acfhroet dhG eu n. 222
................................................................
"NevFeogrre t It" . . 223
......................................................................................
Compariostfo hne e rIvniStecwe n.e.s. ............2.2.5. .........................................
AG ooMdo del 230
..............................................................................................
AnHda rryP otTtooer! . . 231
................................................................................
jestuhAsen ti-Chri.st. 232
...................................................................................
Thomas DMoayur bts . 234
.................................................................................
PscyhoanaRleyctoincsatlor fTu hcotmiaosn' Do.u.b.ts2 37
.....................
PaIr:tIW haits Gtohselp ?e . 238
.........................................................................
TheG ospTehlast N oaGtro es pels 238
.............................................................
Thel'v lmeosiT rhaatr e Nmootsi Mre 240
..........................................................
TheTe stimTohnayta P liasy . . 244
...................................................................
TheM iemP aly.:. ..............................................2...47... ............................... ......
MimAec treasnsMdei semP aly.s. ..............2.4.9. .............................................
Chapt5e:rD atitnhge D eatohf a nU nknowMna nM oreP recis.e.l2y5 5
. ....
TheM isgsI inentrrong/aTatrsilico einJneo h.n. .........2.5.5. .............................
AnI tneresDtisicnogva ebroyBu atarb a.s. ............2.57. .....................................
Pialtaen tdh Kei nogfthJeewRse construction 259
..................................
HisotrJyo,es phaunstd h e DoefaaL teha doefaSr a miatr-Jaenwish
Reovltui.on 259
.............................................................................................
HowH istowrayCs h aendgt oG eRti odfP l iaatY eea rEa rl.i.e.r. .2.6.1. ..........
Pass3ov6oe r3r7 o r Poats saovAtel .rl 263
....................................................
ReconstorfVue scttmieoPnnat s siaJngo eesp h:u s.. . 266
............................
DatiVniegtlu lsSi'e coVnids. i.t. ...............2.67. .................................................
WhoD iedi 3n6 .?. .......................................................2. .6..8.. ............................
TheD oubDlaetS ew itHcyhop thesis 269
.........................................................
TheM anE xecutbeyPd li ate 272
......................................................................
ReconstorfOur citgiJioonnpsa heluP sa ssoanJg oeh n 276
........................
SumamroyfY ea r3s6 7-I 3vnestiRgeastiuolnt s 278
...........................................
Chapt6e:rO econstrutchteGi onsgp eolfM ark... ................................. 280
TheD atiGnagn 1e 280
........................................................................................
TwoP roebmlTsh ateR ealarly One 284
............................................................
ReconstorfOu rcitgiTiornnnaaif lga utriSocne ne 293
................................
TheAp olcyapl'vtlaitce arniMdaa lr ka'disdt ions 295
.........................................
Reconstorftu hcOetr iinoganCil o mionfCg h irsPtr edictio2n9s7
............
DoeMsar kU se Ttemhpel aes Haistno rl\iIcaarlker? 299
................................
SiSxc eniens T tenh1ep le 300
............................................................................
TwoQ uestWihoinbcshu:l i dgisan nWdh ihWc ar? 308
......................................
Coun-tEveirdeeJ:ne csDuess't ruocftt hTieeom np le 310
...............................
TheJDJTHyopthesis 313
..................................................................................
TheL ogoifFc ri sCte ntCuhrirys tyi anit 314
.....................................................
DiJdo hBnap itzwei t\hV aotrHe orl Syp irit? 326
..............................................
\VhioTs h eS oonfl\ 1 an? 331
..............................................................................
AnE xperiment 340
.............................................................................................
ReconstorfUur c-otJhiGnoo nps eTlh aMta kr\ VrokeFdr om 343
.............
Ther l\1Gaorskp el 345
ll .....................................................................................
l\Q1 355
................................................................................................................
Analoyfl'vs 1i:QTs h eP rohpeVter ussC hirsHtyp othesis 358
............................
Conclsuf srioMomQn 369
..................................................................................
MQQ 369
.............................................................................................................
ThtiyQr ueisotntshJ:eo hn/FJAeQss uhse et 37 3
..............................................
Chapt7e:rD econstrutchteGi onsgp eolfM atthew 37 9
.............................
How l\altthCehwag neadS ignlLeo nSgp eech
byJ ohtnhB ea ptiitnosM tu ltJiepslSueps e eches 37 9
................................
FisrEt viendcoef SpefercoahJm e osht nhB ea ptTits:xtt 37 9
..................
SecoEnvdin dceoeJf e sSupse'e cfhrmeo Jsa o htnhB ea ptTeixstt 385
.......
ThdiE rviendcoefJ esSupse ecfhreoasJm ohtnh e BTaepxtti s3t8 9
.......
AnU rMattDhoecmwue nTth:eT e acnhgiosfJ ohtnhN ea zarene3 90
............
ConcluasdniN oenwBs e ginngnDsi:ra wiJnoght nhB ea ipstt
anJde sCuhsir sftr oEmel azaanrJd o shCuoal,o ring
frotmhB eo ookfM alachi 407
......................................................................
Chapt8e:rT heB irtohfJ ohn/J.e...s...u...s... ............................................4 11
ReconstorfBu ictrthNi arorant ive 418
........................................................
Chapt9e:rJ ohtnh eD isciopflt eh eL ordP,a piaansd E usebi...u....s.. 421
PapainaJdso htnhD ei scoiftp hlLeeo rd .4 26
...................................................
DecotnrtsuicRnegv leanto irRo eevailgnt hRee vleiang . 432
..........................
vVhya n\dV hePraet mos? 439
..............................................................................
Reconstorftu hcOetp ieonni nRgev oefl ation 442
.....................................
SecoRnedc onstorftu hcBete iigonnng oi fRn evelation 444
.....................
WhaRte aHlalpyep netdJo o hann Hdo w HeB ecaJmoeht nhC eh irst4 47
....
TheH itsorJiochaanlnt dh Mey thoogloyfJ ohn 452
........................................
Chapt1e0r:P autlh rouag Mhi rrDoarr k.l...y... .....................................4.. 55
TheS evIeannu theAnuttihceL nettistoc efP r aul 455
.....................................
How1\'l anTyrp ist oCo riDnitPdha luIVlake? 465
..............................................
ProforfoA mc ttsh Aapto lwlaoFssri sttoP reatchhe
Gospteotl h e Gleenst i 476
...........................................................................
ReconstorfAuc cttsi on 47 8
..........................................................................
TheS evIenna huetnItnitachu enEtpiiscto lfPe asu l 485
.................................
Howt hSee vEepns itslo efI gnaEtvoiluvsfe rdoS me ven
AsiMaio nrE pistolfPe asu l. . 488
..................................................................
Timot,ht yhUes efulS oRonefP a alu l . .. 493
......................................................
RecouncsttiorofEn pi sotflP ea utloT itbuysP ,h ilne mo
ofL aodicea: 496
....................................................................................
Who\ VsaU nteilmByo rn? . . 501
..........................................................................
TheS ecIreedntty o iftth Cer uiceil\dfh n. ............5.0.5. ...................................
Chapt1e1r:P etewra sS imonB,u tw ho WaSism on...?... ...................... 511
ReconstSrauluscT' triipn g 516
....................................................................
Hintosfj esSuisom'nI edntyi itnth e Canonical Gos5p2e6l s
..........................
Chapt1e2r:T h eS hephearnddt heC hurcohfG odB efoJrees u...s... 542
TertliulaAnt tatchkSesh epherd 544
..................................................................
TheR ecycPlreodp osition Principle 547
...........................................................
TheS mokGinugnP arable 54 7
..........................................................................
TheS hepdh eaSrso cuaerf otrh Geo spWerli ters 551
......................................
TheT welvCeo mmandemntofs Atnhgeoe fRl e pentence 558
.......................
TheR ewartdh Feoel fsthh:Fe o undl\i1tnyhog f CAhlirls tiitaines5 62
..........
HermaMsee ttsh Seh eeprhd . .. 565
....................................................................
Summaroyf WWeh aLte afrornmt hFiosu ngdD iocnumnet... ................5. 7 2
PsyocahnalHyezmriansg .537
.......................................................................... ..
RelatiiopofP n asuhlH ermas . 57 5
to ..................................................................
WasP auaSl lv ae? .. 575
................................................................................
Paualnd Otbheiede nScceh ofrooS ll aves 583
..........................................
Chapt1e3r:J ameasn dt heC hurcohfG od 587
............................................
Chapt1e4rS: t iJlels uasf tAelrTl h esYee ars 595
.........................................
Movie1sci,k er-dyo usaenJ de sCuhsir sTth:eC onfusion
oft hSei tmz--LIebaentndh Mei es-en-Scene 601
.......................................
Chapt1e5r:B ringIitnA gl lB ackH ome 607
.................................................
GooNde wJsse:u dsi ndo Dti ient h Oer igSitnyoa.rl
BaNde wsHe:D ieidnR elaL ief 607
..........................................................
Evoliuotn oTfru eGt ohsep el 609
......................................................................
Basfiors Na e wI tnerptrieotEnaa rolCfyh risDteivlaeonp ment 611
...............
Endnotes 615
.....................................................................................................
Bibliogr.a..p.h.y. .........................6.4.3. ..............................................................