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S I X T H E D I T I O N
The Essential
College
Experience
with Readings
JOHN N. GARDNER
Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Library and
Information Science
Senior Fellow, National Resource Center for the
First-Year Experience and Students in Transition
University of South Carolina, Columbia
Executive Director, Policy Center on The First Year of
College, Brevard, North Carolina
A. JEROME JEWLER
Distinguished Professor Emeritus, College of Journalism
and Mass Communications
University of South Carolina, Columbia
Australia • Canada • Mexico • Singapore • Spain
United Kingdom • United States
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The Essential College Experience with Readings, Sixth Edition
John N. Gardner, A. Jerome Jewler
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Brief Contents
and Readings
1 College Makes the Difference 1
How to Avoid First-Year Pitfalls. You can sidestep some of the most common
problems new college students face. Mark Rowh 11
Finding Your Niche. Learn how to feel comfortable in your new home away
from home——college. Joan Axelrod-Contrada 15
2 Time Management 19
How to Manage Your Time. Andrea Matetic 32
When Mom Goes Back to School. Middle-aged students are going to college
in record numbers, and inspiring younger classmates, including their own kids,
to hit the books harder than ever. Jennifer Wagner 35
3 Learning Styles and Personality 39
Accommodating Students’ Learning Styles. Professors want their lessons
to stimulate all of their students’ senses. Here are some of the latest innovations
that turn an ordinary classroom into a multimedia event. Amy Milshtein 48
Texas Tech U.: Students Should Adapt Study Habits to Learning Styles.
Lauren Clonts 50
4 Active Learning 53
Ten Strategies for Getting Students to Take Responsibility for
Their Learning. Sara Jane Coffman 63
Class Participation: Report from Beijing. Peter Phillips Simpson 67
iii
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iv Brief Contents and Readings
5 Critical Thinking 71
Rethinking Thinking.College classes that make one think. Mark Clayton 77
Judging Authority.We are often required to accept the word of another person,
but how can we best judge whether or not that person is a legitimate authority?
Jere H. Lipps 82
6 Listening, Note-Taking, and Participating 89
Why Do I Have to Take This Class? A lesson in making the required
course relevant. Chad M. Hanson 101
Making the Grade. Ace your college classes with this advice on choosing
courses, selecting a major, writing papers, and dealing with professors.
Tracey Randinelli 102
7 Reading to Remember 111
New Words, 7 Drops at a Time. Vocabulary boosts can energize writing——
or overload it. Arthur Plotnik 118
How to Study. Leyla Sanai 122
8 Taking Tests 127
How to Ace College. A Harvard professor reveals secrets from his 10-year
study of successful students. Alisha Davis 139
How to Be a Great Test Taker. Three simple words can help you replace test
anxiety with test confidence: prepare, prepare, prepare. Mark Rowh 141
9 Writing and Speaking for Success 147
Ten Tips for Better Business Writing. Edwin Powell 157
Delivering the Goods. Memorable presentation starts with organizing your
thoughts in writing. Phil Venditti 160
10 Research and College Libraries 165
Drawn to Knowledge. Kevin Havens 176
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Brief Contents and Readings v
Deserted No More. After years of declining usage statistics, the campus library
rebounds. Andrew Richard Albanese 179
11 Careers and Service Learning 187
The University of Social Justice. Beyond community service, colleges educate
for social change. Melissa Snarr 196
Combating College-Grad Stress Syndrome. Despite the dismal job outlook ...
these tips could make the search less daunting. Susannah Chen 199
12 Relationships 203
College Women Say College Men Don’t Ask for Dates. 211
A College Student’s First Lesson Often Is How to Live with a Stranger.
Patrice Relerford 213
13 Appreciating Our Differences 217
Don’t Forget the Women. African-American female college
students. M. Rick Turner 225
Students Reveal the Reality of College Diversity. James M. O’Neill 227
14 Alcohol, Other Drugs, and Sex 233
Diversity of Students Lowers College Binge Drinking Rates. 246
Survey Finds High Number of College Students Using Tobacco Products. 248
15 Staying Healthy 253
Surviving the Everyday Stuff.The coauthor of The Ultimate College Survival Guide
tells you how to cope with weight gain, illness, and dirty laundry when you’re
living on your own. Janet Farrar Worthington 261
The Dark Side of College Life: Academic Pressure, Depression, Suicide.
Daniela Lamas 266
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Contents
Preface xvii
1 College Makes the Difference 1
Strategies for Success 2
Get Ready: The Basics 2
Get Set: Study, Study, Study 3
Go: The Extra Mile 3
First-Year Commitment: Hangin’ In 4
High School vs. College 5
Returning Students 6
Those Who Start, Those Who Finish 6
College Education and Quality of Life 7
Where to Go for Help 8
Setting Goals for Success 9
Your Personal Journal 10
Readings 11
How to Avoid First-Year Pitfalls. You can sidestep some of the most
common problems new college students face. Mark Rowh 11
Finding Your Niche. Learn how to feel comfortable in your new home
away from home——college. Joan Axelrod-Contrada 15
Discussion 18
2 Time Management 19
Setting Goals and Objectives 20
Beating Procrastination 21
Setting Priorities 23
Use a Daily Planner 23
Maintain a “To Do” List 26
Guidelines for Scheduling Week by Week 26
Organizing Your Day 27
vii
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viii Contents
Making Your Time Management Plan Work 29
Don’t Overextend Yourself 29
Reduce Distractions 30
Time and Critical Thinking 31
Your Personal Journal 31
Readings 32
How to Manage Your Time. Andrea Matetic 32
When Mom Goes Back to School. Middle-aged students
are going to college in record numbers, and inspiring younger
classmates, including their own kids, to hit the books harder
than ever. Jennifer Wagner 35
Discussion 38
3 Learning Styles and Personality 39
Learning about Your Personality and Psychological Type 40
Psychological Preferences 40
Extraversion (E) vs. Introversion (I): The Outer
or Inner World 40
Sensing (S) vs. Intuition (N): Facts or Ideas 41
Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F): Logic or Values 42
Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P): Organization
or Adaptability 42
Using Your Personality for Better Learning 43
Your Instructors’ Teaching Styles 44
Helpful Hints for Each Type 44
Tips for Extraverts 45
Tips for Introverts 45
Tips for Sensing Types 45
Tips for Intuitive Types 46
Tips for Thinking Types 46
Tips for Feeling Types 46
Tips for Judging Types 47
Tips for Perceiving Types 47
Your Personal Journal 47
Readings 48
Accommodating Students’ Learning Styles. Professors want their
lessons to stimulate all of their students’ senses. Here are some of the
latest innovations that turn an ordinary classroom into a multimedia
event. Amy Milshtein 48
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Contents ix
Texas Tech U.: Students Should Adapt Study Habits to Learning Styles.
Lauren Clonts 50
Discussion 52
4 Active Learning 53
The Many Benefits of Active Learning 53
Why Active Learners Can Learn More Than Passive Learners 54
Becoming an Active Learner 55
Teachers Who Embrace Active Learning Love to Teach 56
Making the Most of the Student-Instructor Relationship 58
Teachers, Students, and Academic Freedom 58
If Things Go Wrong between You and a Teacher 59
Collaborative Learning Teams 60
Making Learning Teams Productive 60
The Many Uses of Learning Teams 61
Your Personal Journal 62
Readings 63
Ten Strategies for Getting Students to Take Responsibility
for Their Learning. Sara Jane Coffman 63
Class Participation: Report from Beijing. Peter Phillips Simpson 67
Discussion 69
5 Critical Thinking 71
From Certainty to Healthy Uncertainty 72
A Skill to Carry You through Life 72
Walking through the Process 73
Four Aspects of Critical Thinking 74
Step 1. Abstract Thinking: Using Details
to Discover Some Bigger Idea 74
Step 2. Creative Thinking: Seeking Connections,
Finding New Possibilities, Rejecting Nothing 74
Step 3. Systematic Thinking: Organizing
the Possibilities, Tossing Out the Rubbish 75
Step 4. Precise Communication: Being Prepared
to Present Your Ideas Convincingly to Others 75
How College Encourages Critical Thinking 75
Your Personal Journal 77
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x Contents
Readings 77
Rethinking Thinking. College classes that make one think.
Mark Clayton 77
Judging Authority. We are often required to accept the word
of another person, but how can we best judge whether or not
that person is a legitimate authority? Jere H. Lipps 82
Discussion 87
6 Listening, Note Taking, and Participating 89
Short-Term Memory: Listening and Forgetting 90
Using Your Senses in the Learning Process 90
Before Class: Prepare to Remember 92
During Class: Listen Critically 93
During Class: Use The Cornell Format to Take
Effective Notes 94
Taking Notes in Nonlecture Courses 95
Class Notes and Homework 97
Computer Notes in Class? 98
After Class: Respond, Recite, Review 98
Participating in Class: Speak Up! 99
Your Personal Journal 100
Readings 101
Why Do I Have to Take This Class? A lesson in making the required
course relevant. Chad M. Hanson 101
Making the Grade. Ace your college classes with this advice on choosing
courses, selecting a major, writing papers, and dealing with professors.
Tracey Randinelli 102
Discussion 110
7 Reading to Remember 111
Previewing 111
Mapping 111
Alternatives to Mapping 112
Reading Your Textbook 113
Marking Your Textbook 113
Monitor Your Comprehension 116
Recycle Your Reading 116
Reviewing 117
