The equine acute abdomen

886 Pages·2017·34.42 MB·English

by  Blikslager

The Equine Acute Abdomen
Third Edition
Edited by
Anthony T. Blikslager, DVM, PhD, DACVS
Professor of Equine Surgery and Gastroenterology
Department of Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina
USA
Nathaniel A. White II, DVM, MS, DACVS
Professor Emeritus of Equine Surgery
Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center
Virginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
Virginia Tech, Leesburg, Virginia
USA
James N. Moore, DVM, PhD, DACVS
Josiah Meigs Distinguished Teaching Professor
Director, Educational Resources
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
USA
Tim S. Mair, BVSc, PhD, DEIM, DESTS, DECEIM, Assoc. ECVDI, FRCVS
Director
Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic
Mereworth, Kent
UK
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This edition first published 2017
© 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Edition History
Second edition published 2009 by Teton NewMedia
First edition published 1990 by Lea & Febiger
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material
from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of Anthony T. Blikslager, Nathaniel A. White II, James N. Moore, and Tim S. Mair to be identified as the authors of the editorial material
in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Blikslager, Anthony T., editor | White, N. A. (Nathaniel A.), editor. | Moore, James N. (James Neil), editor. | Mair, Tim S., editor.
Title: The Equine Acute Abdomen/ edited by Anthony T. Blikslager, Nathaniel A. White II, James N. Moore, Tim S. Mair.
Description: Third edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2017. | Preceded by Equine acute abdomen / [edited by] Nathaniel A. White, James N. Moore,
Tim S. Mair. 2008. | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2017025982 (print) | LCCN 2017027037 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119063247 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119063261 (epub) |
ISBN 9781119063216 (cloth)
Subjects: LCSH: Colic in horses. | MESH: Colic–veterinary | Horse Diseases
Classification: LCC SF959.C6 (ebook) | LCC SF959.C6 E68 2017 (print) | NLM SF 959.C6 | DDC 636.1/089633–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017025982
Cover image: Brad Gilleland
Cover design by Wiley
Set in 10/12pt Warnock by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
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iii
Contents
Editors viii
List of Contributors ix
Preface and Dedication xiii
About the Companion Website xiv
Part I Normal Anatomy and Physiology 1
1 Gross and Microscopic Anatomy of the Equine Gastrointestinal Tract 3
Thomas M. Krunkosky, Carla L. Jarrett, and James N. Moore
2 Intestinal Epithelial Stem Cells 19
Liara M. Gonzalez
3 Gastric Secretory Function 24
Michael J. Murray
4 Small Intestinal Function 27
Anthony T. Blikslager
5 Large Intestine Function 41
Marco A. F. Lopes and Philip J. Johnson
6 Liver Function 55
Tim S. Mair
7 The Equine Intestinal Microbiota 58
J. Scott Weese
8 Effects of Feeding on Equine Gastrointestinal Function or Physiology 66
Marco A. F. Lopes and Philip J. Johnson
9 Intestinal Motility and Transit 78
Jorge E. Nieto and Peter C. Rakestraw
Part II Pathophysiology of Gastrointestinal Diseases 97
10 Pathophysiology of Gastric Ulcer Disease 99
Michael J. Murray
11 Pathophysiology of Gastrointestinal Obstruction and Strangulation 102
Anthony T. Blikslager
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iv Contents
12 Pathophysiology of Pain 119
Casper Lindegaard, Karina B. Gleerup, and Pia Haubro Andersen
13 Pathophysiology and Treatment of Postoperative Ileus 140
Jorge E. Nieto and Peter C. Rakestraw
14 Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Treatment of Adhesions 153
P. O. Eric Mueller
15 Pathophysiology of Enteritis and Colitis 166
Harold C. McKenzie III
16 Pathophysiology of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome 183
Clare E. Bryant and James N. Moore
Part III Intestinal Parasitism 193
17 Intestinal Parasitism 195
Christopher J. Proudman
Part IV Epidemiology of Colic 205
18 Epidemiology of Colic: Principles for Practice 207
Noah D. Cohen
19 Epidemiology of Colic: Risk Factors 215
Noah D. Cohen
Part V Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Disease 221
20 Diagnostic Approach to Colic 223
Anne Desrochers and Nathaniel A. White II
21 Investigations of Chronic and Recurrent Colic 263
Nathaniel A. White II
22 Alternative Diagnostic Techniques 266
Nathaniel A. White II and Anne Desrochers
23 Imaging of the Abdomen 271
Anne Desrochers
24 Decision for Surgery and Referral 285
Nathaniel A. White II
25 Prognosticating Equine Colic 289
Nathaniel A. White II
26 Biosecurity in the Management of Equine Gastrointestinal Disease 301
Harold C. McKenzie III
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Contents v
Part VI Medical Management 311
27 Medical Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases 313
Tim S. Mair
28 Treatment of Shock 331
Kevin Corley
29 Diagnosis and Treatment of Peritonitis and Hemoperitoneum 361
John F. Peroni
30 Diagnosis of Enteritis and Colitis in the Horse 376
Harold C. McKenzie III
Part VII Colic in the Foal 411
31 Diagnosis of Colic in the Foal 413
Martin Furr
32 Imaging of the Foal with Colic and Abdominal Distention 418
Martin Furr
33 Medical Management of Colic in the Foal 422
Martin Furr
34 Surgical Management of Colic in the Foal 426
Sarah M. Khatibzadeh and James A. Brown
35 Anesthesia of Foals with Colic 437
Cynthia M. Trim
36 Specific Diseases of the Foal 452
Martin Furr
37 Liver Diseases in Foals 459
Tim S. Mair and Thomas J. Divers
Part VIII Colic in the Donkey 469
38 Colic in the Donkey 471
Alexandra K. Thiemann, Karen J. Rickards, Mulugeta Getachew, and Georgios Paraschou
Part IX Nutritional Management 489
39 Nutritional Management of the Colic Patient 491
Shannon E. Pratt‐Phillips and Raymond J. Geor
Part X Anesthesia for Abdominal Surgery 509
40 Anesthesia for Horses with Colic 511
Cynthia M. Trim
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vi Contents
Part XI Surgery for Acute Abdominal Disease 539
41 Preparation of the Patient for Abdominal Surgery 541
Anna K. Rötting
42 Surgical Exploration and Manipulation 549
Anna K. Rötting
43 Intestinal Viability 570
Liara M. Gonzalez
44 Small Intestinal Resection and Anastomosis 581
Anna K. Rötting
45 Large Colon Enterotomy, Resection, and Anastomosis 597
Joanne Hardy
46 Abdominal Closure 604
Vanessa L. Cook
Part XII Intensive Care and Postoperative Care 611
47 Monitoring Treatment for Abdominal Disease 613
Tim S. Mair
48 Postoperative Complications 624
Diana M. Hassel
49 Laminitis Associated with Acute Abdominal Disease 639
James K. Belknap and Andrew H. Parks
Part XIII Specific Diseases of Horses 663
50 Diseases of the Stomach 665
Michael J. Murray
51 Diseases of the Liver and Liver Failure 673
Tim S. Mair and Thomas J. Divers
52 Diseases of the Small Intestine 704
Debra C. Archer
53 Diseases of the Cecum 737
James N. Moore and Joanne Hardy
54 Specific Diseases of the Ascending Colon 748
Joanne Hardy
55 Diseases of the Descending Colon 775
John F. Peroni
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Contents vii
56 Equine Grass Sickness 783
Tim S. Mair
57 Rectal Tears 790
Canaan M. Whitfield‐Cargile and Peter C. Rakestraw
58 Malabsorption Syndromes 804
Tim S. Mair and Thomas J. Divers
59 Colic and Pregnant Mares 819
Elizabeth M. Santschi
60 Colic from Alternative Systems: “False Colics” 831
Tim S. Mair
61 Abdominal Trauma 843
John F. Peroni
62 Abdominal Abscesses and Neoplasia 848
Jan F. Hawkins
Index 855
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viii
Editors
Anthony T. Blikslager, DVM, PhD, DACVS James N. Moore, DVM, PhD, DACVS
Professor of Equine Surgery and Gastroenterology Josiah Meigs Distinguished Teaching Professor
Department of Clinical Sciences Director, Educational Resources
College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine
North Carolina State University University of Georgia
Raleigh, North Carolina Athens, Georgia
USA USA
Nathaniel A. White II, DVM, MS, DACVS
Professor Emeritus of Equine Surgery Tim S. Mair, BVSc, PhD, DEIM, DESTS, DECEIM, Assoc. ECVDI,
Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center FRCVS
Virginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Director
Virginia Tech Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic
Leesburg, Virginia Mereworth, Kent
USA UK
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List of Contributors
Pia Haubro Andersen, DVM, PhD, DVSci Noah D. Cohen, VMD, MPH, PhD, DACVIM
Professor of Large Animal Surgery Professor of Large Animal Internal Medicine
Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Section Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences
Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Sciences
Uppsala Texas A&M University
Sweden College Station, Texas
USA
Debra C. Archer, BVMS, PhD, CertES, DECVS, MRCVS
Professor of Equine Surgery
Vanessa L. Cook, VetMB, PhD, DACVS, DACVECC
Institute of Veterinary Science
Associate Professor
University of Liverpool
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences
Neston, The Wirral
College of Veterinary Medicine
UK
Michigan State University
James K. Belknap, DVM, PhD, DACVS East Lansing, Michigan
Professor of Equine Surgery USA
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine Kevin Corley, BVM&S, PhD, DECEIM, DACVIM,
Ohio State University DACVECC, MRCVS
Columbus, Ohio Specialist (Equine Medicine and Critical Care)
USA Veterinary Advances Ltd
The Curragh, Co. Kildare
Anthony T. Blikslager, DVM, PhD, DACVS
Ireland
Professor of Equine Surgery and Gastroenterology
Department of Clinical Sciences
Anne Desrochers, DMV, DACVIM, cVMA
College of Veterinary Medicine
North Carolina State University Leesburg, Virginia
Raleigh, North Carolina USA
USA
Thomas J. Divers, DVM, DACVIM, DACVECC
James A. Brown, BVSc, MS, DACVS, ACT
Professor of Medicine
Clinical Assistant Professor in Equine Surgery &
Department of Clinical Sciences
Emergency Care
College of Veterinary Medicine
Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center
Cornell University
Virginia Tech
Ithaca, New York
Leesburg, Virginia
USA
USA
Clare E. Bryant, BSc(Hons), BVetMed, PhD, Cert VA, DECVPT, Martin Furr, DVM, PhD, MA Ed, DACVS
MRCVS Professor and Head
Professor of Innate Immunity Department of Physiological Sciences
Department of Veterinary Medicine Center for Veterinary Health Sciences
University of Cambridge Oklahoma State University
Cambridge Stillwater, Oklahoma
UK USA
x List of Contributors
Raymond J. Geor, BVSc, MVSc, PhD, DACVIM, DACVSMR, Jan F. Hawkins, DVM, DACVS
DACVN(Hon) Professor and Section Chief of Large
Professor and Pro Vice‐Chancellor Animal Surgery
College of Sciences Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
Massey University Purdue University
New Zealand West Lafayette, Indiana
USA
Mulugeta Getachew, DVM, MVM, PhD
Carla L. Jarrett, DVM, MS
Researcher and International Research Advisor
Senior Lecturer
Department of Research and Pathology
Department of Veterinary Biosciences and
The Donkey Sanctuary
Diagnostic Imaging
Sidmouth, Devon
College of Veterinary Medicine
UK
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Brad Gilleland, BFA, MS USA
Medical Illustrator
Philip J. Johnson, BVSc(hons), MS, DACVIM‐LAIM, DECEIM,
Educational Resources
MRCVS
College of Veterinary Medicine
Professor of Internal Medicine
University of Georgia
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery
Athens, Georgia
College of Veterinary Medicine
USA
University of Missouri
Columbia, Missouri
Karina B. Gleerup, DVM, PhD
USA
Assistant Professor
Department of Large Animal Science Sarah M. Khatibzadeh, DVM
University of Copenhagen Resident in Surgery
Copenhagen Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
Denmark Virginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, Virginia
Liara M. Gonzalez, DVM, PhD, DACVS
USA
Assistant Professor of Gastroenterology and Equine
Surgery Thomas M. Krunkosky, MS, DVM, PhD
Department of Clinical Sciences
Associate Professor
College of Veterinary Medicine
Department of Veterinary Biosciences and
North Carolina State University
Diagnostic Imaging
Raleigh, North Carolina
College of Veterinary Medicine
USA
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Joanne Hardy, DVM, PhD, DACVS, DACVECC USA
Clinical Associate Professor
Casper Lindegaard, DVM, PhD, DECVS
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences
Head of Equine Surgery
Texas A&M University
Evidensia Equine Specialist Hospital Helsingborg
College Station, Texas
Helsingborg
USA
Sweden
Diana M. Hassel, DVM, PhD, DACVS, DACVECC Marco A. F. Lopes, MV, MS, PhD
Associate Professor of Equine Emergency Surgery and Associate Professor of Equine Surgery
Critical Care Equine Health and Performance Centre
Department of Clinical Sciences School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Colorado State University University of Adelaide
Fort Collins, Colorado Roseworthy, South Australia
USA Australia
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