The Epistemology of Intelligent Semantic Web Systems

89 Pages·2016·4.225 MB·English

by  Mathieu D’Aquin, Enrico Motta

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Series ISSN: 2160-4711 Q
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Series Editors: Ying Ding, Indiana University
Paul Groth, Elsevier Labs
The Epistemology of
The Epistemology of Intelligent Semantic Web Systems
Mathieu d’Aquin, Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University
T Intelligent Semantic
Enrico Motta, Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University H
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This book is a reflection of the evolution of the Semantic Web, a young discipline in comparison T
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to other areas of computer science. Despite its youth, the Semantic Web already exhibits an O
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interesting history and evolution. This is a conceptual and practical view of this evolution, O
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especially targeted at those beginning research in this area and as support material for their O
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supervisors. I
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From a conceptual point of view, it highlights and discusses key questions that have E
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animated the research community: what does it mean to be a Semantic Web system and how is IG
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it different from other types of systems, such as knowledge systems or web-based information N
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systems? SE
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From a more practical point of view, the core of the book introduces a simple conceptual A
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framework which characterizes Intelligent Semantic Web Systems. We describe this framework, I
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the components it includes, and give pointers to some of the approaches and technologies that
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might be used to implement them. We also look in detail at concrete systems falling under the S
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category of Intelligent Semantic Web Systems, according to the proposed framework, allowing T
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us to compare them, analyze their strengths and weaknesses, and identify the key fundamental S Mathieu d’Aquin
challenges still open for researchers to tackle. Enrico Motta

About SYNTHESIS
This volume is a printed version of a work that appears in the Synthesis
Digital Library of Engineering and Computer Science. Synthesis
books provide concise, original presentations of important research and
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e Epistemology of
Intelligent Semantic Web Systems

Synthesis Lectures on the
Semantic Web: eory and
Technology
Editor
YingDing,IndianaUniversity
PaulGroth,ElsevierLabs
SynthesisLecturesontheSemanticWeb:eoryandApplicationiseditedbyYingDingofIndiana
UniversityandPaulGrothofElsevierLabs.WhetheryoucallittheSemanticWeb,LinkedData,or
Web3.0,anewgenerationofWebtechnologiesisofferingmajoradvancesintheevolutionofthe
WorldWideWeb.Asthefirstgenerationofthistechnologytransitionsoutofthelaboratory,new
researchisexploringhowthegrowingWebofDatawillchangeourworld.Whiletopicssuchas
ontology-buildingandlogicsremainvital,newareassuchastheuseofsemanticsinWebsearch,the
linkinganduseofopendataontheWeb,andfutureapplicationsthatwillbesupportedbythese
technologiesarebecomingimportantresearchareasintheirownright.Whethertheybescientists,
engineersorpractitioners,Webusersincreasinglyneedtounderstandnotjustthenewtechnologies
oftheSemanticWeb,buttounderstandtheprinciplesbywhichthosetechnologieswork,andthe
bestpracticesforassemblingsystemsthatintegratethedifferentlanguages,resources,and
functionalitiesthatwillbeimportantinkeepingtheWebtherapidlyexpanding,andconstantly
changing,informationspacethathaschangedourlives.
Topicstobeincluded:
• SemanticWebPrinciplesfromlinked-datatoontologydesign
• KeySemanticWebtechnologiesandalgorithms
• SemanticSearchandlanguagetechnologies
• eEmerging”WebofData”anditsuseinindustry,governmentanduniversityapplications
• Trust,SocialnetworkingandcollaborationtechnologiesfortheSemanticWeb
• eeconomicsofSemanticWebapplicationadoptionanduse
• PublishingandScienceontheSemanticWeb
• SemanticWebinhealthcareandlifesciences
iv
eEpistemologyofIntelligentSemanticWebSystems
Mathieud’AquinandEnricoMotta
2016
EntityResolutionintheWebofData
VassilisChristophides,VasilisEfthymiou,andKostasStefanidis
2015
LibraryLinkedDataintheCloud:OCLC’sExperimentswithNewModelsofResource
Description
CarolJeanGodby,ShenghuiWang,andJeffreyK.Mixter
2015
SemanticMiningofSocialNetworks
JieTangandJuanziLi
2015
SocialSemanticWebMining
TopeOmitola,SebastiánA.Ríos,andJohnG.Breslin
2015
SemanticBreakthroughinDrugDiscovery
BinChen,HuijunWang,YingDing,andDavidWild
2014
SemanticsinMobileSensing
ZhixianYanandDipanjanChakraborty
2014
Provenance:AnIntroductiontoPROV
LucMoreauandPaulGroth
2013
Resource-OrientedArchitecturePatternsforWebsofData
BrianSletten
2013
AaronSwartz’sAProgrammableWeb:AnUnfinishedWork
AaronSwartz
2013
Incentive-CentricSemanticWebApplicationEngineering
ElenaSimperl,RobertaCuel,andMartinStein
2013
v
PublishingandUsingCulturalHeritageLinkedDataontheSemanticWeb
EeroHyvönen
2012
VIVO:ASemanticApproachtoScholarlyNetworkingandDiscovery
KatyBörner,MichaelConlon,JonCorson-Rikert,andYingDing
2012
LinkedData:EvolvingtheWebintoaGlobalDataSpace
TomHeathandChristianBizer
2011
Copyright©2016byMorgan&Claypool
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedin
anyformorbyanymeans—electronic,mechanical,photocopy,recording,oranyotherexceptforbriefquotations
inprintedreviews,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.
eEpistemologyofIntelligentSemanticWebSystems
Mathieud’AquinandEnricoMotta
www.morganclaypool.com
ISBN:9781627051613 paperback
ISBN:9781627050005 ebook
DOI10.2200/S00708ED1V01Y201603WBE014
APublicationintheMorgan&ClaypoolPublishersseries
SYNTHESISLECTURESONTHESEMANTICWEB:THEORYANDTECHNOLOGY
Lecture#14
SeriesEditors:YingDing,IndianaUniversity
PaulGroth,ElsevierLabs
FoundingEditorEmeritus:JamesHendler,RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute
SeriesISSN
Print2160-4711 Electronic2160-472X
e Epistemology of
Intelligent Semantic Web Systems
Mathieu d’Aquin and Enrico Motta
KnowledgeMediaInstitute,eOpenUniversity
SYNTHESISLECTURESONTHESEMANTICWEB:THEORYAND
TECHNOLOGY#14
M
&C Morgan &cLaypool publishers
ABSTRACT
e Semantic Web is a young discipline, even if only in comparison to other areas of computer
science. Nonetheless, it already exhibits an interesting history and evolution. is book is a re-
flectiononthisevolution,aimingtotakeasnapshotofwhereweareatthisspecificpointintime,
andalsoshowingwhatmightbethefocusoffutureresearch.
is book provides both a conceptual and practical view of this evolution, especially tar-
getedatreaderswhoarestartingresearchinthisareaandassupportmaterialfortheirsupervisors.
From a conceptual point of view, it highlights and discusses key questions that have animated
theresearchcommunity:whatdoesitmeantobeaSemanticWebsystemandhowisitdifferent
fromothertypesofsystems,suchasknowledgesystemsorweb-basedinformationsystems?From
a more practical point of view, the core of the book introduces a simple conceptual framework
which characterizes Intelligent Semantic Web Systems. We describe this framework, the com-
ponentsitincludes,andgivepointerstosomeoftheapproachesandtechnologiesthatmightbe
usedtoimplementthem.Wealsolookindetailatconcretesystemsfallingunderthecategoryof
IntelligentSemanticWebSystems,accordingtotheproposedframework,allowingustocompare
them, analyze their strengths and weaknesses, and identify the key fundamental challenges still
openforresearcherstotackle.
KEYWORDS
semanticweb,linkeddata,intelligentsystems,knowledgeengineering,knowledge-
basedsystems,ontologies
ix
Contents
Preface ............................................................xi
Acknowledgments..................................................xiii
1 CharacterizingtheSemanticWeb ...................................... 1
1.1 ItisaStackAfterAll! ..............................................2
1.2 eWebasaLayeronTopoftheInternet..............................6
1.3 LinkedDataasaLayeronTopoftheWeb..............................7
1.4 eSemanticWebasaLayeronTopofLinkedData .....................9
2 AnatomyofanIntelligentSemanticWebSystem ........................ 13
2.1 Knowledge-basedSystems..........................................13
2.2 InteractingwithKnowledgeinKnowledge-basedSystems.................14
2.3 InteractingwiththeSemanticWebasaKnowledgeBase .................16
2.4 IntelligentSemanticWebSystemsasViewsovertheSemanticWeb ........19
2.5 ComponentsofanIntelligentSemanticWebSystem.....................21
2.5.1 Discovery..................................................23
2.5.2 Selection ..................................................24
2.5.3 Integration.................................................25
2.5.4 Curation ..................................................26
2.6 Conclusion ......................................................27
3 ExemplarIntelligentSemanticsWebSystems ........................... 29
3.1 SearchandRecommendation........................................30
3.1.1 GoogleKnowledgeGraph ....................................30
3.1.2 Seevl/dbrec ................................................33
3.1.3 DiscOU ...................................................35
3.2 QuestionAnswering ..............................................37
3.2.1 IBMWatson ...............................................39
3.2.2 PowerAqua ................................................41
3.3 DataAnalysisandSense-Making ....................................43
3.3.1 GarlikDataPatrol...........................................43