The English Atlantic in an Age of Revolution, 1640-1661

357 Pages·2007·1.11 MB·English

by  Carla Gardina Pestana

The English Atlantic in
an Age of Revolution, 1640–1661

The English Atlantic in
an Age of Revolution,
1640–1661
CARLA GARDINA PESTANA
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge,Massachusetts,andLondon,England
Copyright©2004bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollege
Allrightsreserved
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
FirstHarvardUniversityPresspaperbackedition,2007
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Pestana,CarlaGardina.
TheEnglishAtlanticinanageofrevolution,1640–1661/CarlaGardinaPestana.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN-13978-0-674-01502-9(cloth : alk.paper)
ISBN-100-674-01502-9(cloth : alk.paper)
ISBN-13978-0-674-02412-0(pbk.)
ISBN-100-674-02412-5(pbk.)
1.GreatBritain—Colonies—America—History—17thcentury.
2.GreatBritain—Colonies—Administration—History—17thcentury.
3.America—History—To1810.
4.Plantationlife—AtlanticOceanRegion—History—17thcentury.
5.Plantationlife—America—History—17thcentury.
6.GreatBritain—History—PuritanRevolution,1642–1660—Influence.
7.GreatBritain—History—PuritanRevolution,1642–1660.
8.British—AtlanticOceanRegion—History—17thcentury.
9.AtlanticOceanRegion—Politicsandgovernment.
10.AtlanticOceanRegion—History. I.Title.
E18.82.P472004
973.2′—dc22 2004052610
ToCodyandAnderson

Contents
Acknowledgments ix
NotesonDatingandEditorialMethod xi
Map:TheEnglishAtlantic,1640–1661 xii
Introduction:Revolutionandthe
EnglishAtlantic 1
Prologue:TheEnglishAtlanticin1640 14
1 TheChallengeofCivilWar 25
2 PuritanAscendancyandReligiousPolarization 53
3 RegicideandRoyalistRebellions 86
4 ReligiousPoliticsofa“PuritanRevolution” 123
5 FreeTradeandFreebornEnglishMen 157
6 LostLibertyandLaboringPeoplein
theAtlanticWorld 183
Epilogue:TheEnglishAtlanticandthe
LimitsofRestoration 213
Appendix1.PopulationFigures,1640 229
Appendix2.LondonPamphletsaboutNewEngland,
1641–1649 235
Notes 241
Index 331

Acknowledgments
Itisagreatpleasuretothanktheinstitutionsandindividualswhohelpedto
make this book possible. Research has been supported by funding from the
National Endowment for the Humanities, through both the Summer Sti-
pend program and the NEH-Huntington Library Fellowship; the Hunting-
tonLibrary,forthatfellowshipaswellastheKembleandFletcherJonesfel-
lowships;andtheAmericanPhilosophicalSocietySabbaticalYearFellowship.
Ohio State University provided funding and release time from teaching du-
ties in the College of Humanities’ Grant in Aid, Faculty Professional Leave,
Special Research Assignment, and the Virginia Hull Research Award; in the
Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies’ research grant; and in a
MershonCentergrant.
ArchivistsandlibrarianshelpedmegettothesourcesIneededtowritethis
book. These include the staff at the British Library, London; Bodleian Li-
brary, University of Oxford; Friends House, London; the Public Records
Office, Chancery Lane, London, and Kew; the Scottish Records Office, Ed-
inburgh; Barbados Museum and Historical Society, Bridgetown; Bermuda
Archives, Hamilton; the William Clark Library, Los Angeles; the Houghton
Library, Harvard University; the Huntington Library, San Marino, Califor-
nia; the John Carter Brown Library, Providence; the Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C.; the Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston; the New
York Public Library; and the State Library of Ohio, Columbus. Special
thanks must go to the Huntington Library, which has provided me with a
scholarlyhomesincemydaysasagraduatestudentatU.C.L.A.
Portionsofthismanuscripthavebeenpresentedatseminars,whereIhave
received criticisms and suggestions from many generous colleagues. Thanks
are due to participants in the Early American History Seminar (Huntington
Library);EarlyModernBritishHistorySeminar(HuntingtonLibrary);Early
Modern Seminar (Ohio State University); McNeil Center Seminar (Univer-
sityofPennsylvania);SeminaronEarlyAmericanHistoryandCulture(Ohio
State University); University of California Faculty Seminar (U.C. Santa
ix