The Effect of Parenting Styles in Adolescent Delinquency

175 Pages·2015·3.65 MB·English

by  Yaschica Williams

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8-2006
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Yaschica Williams
Western Michigan University
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Williams, Yaschica, "The Effect of Parenting Styles in Adolescent Delinquency: Exploring the Interactions
Between Race, Class, and Gender" (2006). Dissertations. 1003.
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THE EFFECT OF PARENTING STYLES IN ADOLESCENT DELINQUENCY:
EXPLORING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN
RACE, CLASS, AND GENDER
by
Yaschica Williams
A Dissertation
Submitted to the
Faculty of The Graduate College
in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the
Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Sociology
Advisor: Rachel Bridges Whaley, Ph.D.
Western Michigan University
Kalamazoo, Michigan
August 2006
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THE EFFECT OF PARENTING STYLES ON ADOLESCENT DELINQUENCY:
EXPLORING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN
RACE, CLASS, AND GENDER
Yaschica Williams, PhD.
Western Michigan University, 2006
The purpose of this study is to examine how parenting style interacts with
other variables related to characteristics of the child (i.e., race/ethnicity, class and
gender) in producing delinquency. This research integrates the traditions of
criminology and psychology by incorporating the research of two researchers
renowned in their respective fields of study, Travis Hirschi from criminology and
Diana Baumrind from psychology.
The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 (NLSY97) is used in this
study to test hypotheses derived from Hirschi’s (1969) social bond theory and
Baumrind’s (1966) parenting typology. These hypotheses examine the effects of
family process variables and parenting styles on adolescent delinquency moderated by
the effect of the child’s race/ethnicity and gender, and class of the family. Based on
OLS Regression results of the study revealed there was a negative relationship
between most, but not all of the family process variables and delinquency. As
hypothesized, as parent-youth relationship, communication, monitoring and limit
setting increased, delinquency decreased. In other analyses authoritative parenting
compared to authoritarian and neglectful parenting resulted in less delinquency. When
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separate equations were estimated this pattern of findings held for Whites and Blacks
but not Latinos. White and Black adolescents with a neglectful or authoritarian mom
were more likely to be delinquent than White and Black adolescents with an
authoritative mom. Dad parenting was only significant for Whites indicating that
adolescents with authoritarian dads were more likely to be delinquent than Whites
with authoritative dads. There was no effect of parenting on Latino respondents.
Similar results were revealed when separate equations were estimated for
males and females. That is, males and females with a neglectful or authoritarian mom
were more likely to be delinquent than males and females with an authoritative mom.
Dad parenting was only significant for males indicating those with authoritarian dads
were more likely to be delinquent than males with authoritative dads. T-statistics
indicated there were no significant differences between males and females.
Class of the family did not have an effect and there was no interaction
between the parenting styles and class. However, this could be attributed to its poor
measurement.
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Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
UMI Number: 3234890
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Copyright by
Yaschica Williams
2006
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to thank my chairperson, Dr. Rachel Whaley and my committee
members, Dr. Angela Moe, Dr. Douglas Davidson and Dr. Santiago-Valles for their
guidance and support. My special thanks is extended to Kristen Devall for her
guidance and encouragement as I immersed myself in statistical analysis. I must also
extend my gratitude to friends and acquaintances that were there for support
throughout this process.
I would also like to thank my mother and father, John and Katherine Williams
and my sister, Destiny Williams for the support and encouragement they have
provided me throughout graduate school.
Yaschica Williams
ii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................................................................... ii
LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................. vi
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................... 1
n. ETHNIC SOCIALIZATION AND KEY CONCEPTS............................ 7
African American, Latino and Asian American Socialization 7
Key Concepts: Race, Ethnicity, Class, Gender and Delinquency 16
ffl. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK............................................................ 26
A Micro Level Analysis..................................................................... 26
Social Control Theory (SCT)............................................................. 28
Dimensions of Parenting.................................................................... 37
Diana Baumrind’s Parenting Typology.............................................. 45
Maccoby and Martin’s (1983) Two-Dimensional Framework for
Permissive Parenting.......................................................................... 47
Social Bond Theory, Parenting and Issues of Ethnicity, Class and
Gender................................................................................................ 48
IV. LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................... 50
Parenting Styles.................................................................................. 51
Literature Specific to Baumrind’s (1966) Typology.......................... 63
Limitations of Baumrind’s Typology: Ethnicity, Class and Gender... 66
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Table of Contents—continued
CHAPTER
Hypotheses......................................................................................... 79
Conclusion......................................................................................... 81
V. METHODS................................................................................................ 82
Participants......................................................................................... 82
Instrument........................................................................................... 83
Measures............................................................................................. 83
Hypotheses and Analyses................................................................... 100
VI. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS................................................................... 105
Descriptive Statistics.......................................................................... 108
Statistical Analysis............................................................................. 110
Models 1,2 and 3: Family Process Variables.................................... Ill
A Change in Models........................................................................... 114
Model 4: Parenting Typology............................................................. 115
Model 5: Ethnicity, Parenting and Delinquency................................. 118
Model 6: Class, Parenting and Delinquency...................................... 122
Model 7: Gender, Parenting and Delinquency................................... 122
Summary of Findings......................................................................... 127
VII. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS...................................................... 129
Introduction........................................................................................ 129
Assessment of Results........................................................................ 129
iv
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