THE EFFECT OF ORAL PRACTICE IN THE PRESENCE OF DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SIDE-TONE UPON THE RATE AND SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL OF THE SPEECH OF A GROUPOF STUTTERERS

265 Pages·013.2 MB·English

by  NEELY, KEITH KENT

THE EFFECT OF ORAL PRACTICE IN THE PRESENCE OF DIFFERENT
CONDITIONS OF SIDE-TONE UPON THE RATE AND SOUND PRESSURE
LEVEL OF THE SPEECH OF A GROUP OF STUTTERERS
DISSERTATION
Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the
Graduate School of the Ohio State
University
by
KEITH KENT NEELY, B.S. , M.A,
The Ohio State University
1951
Approved by:
Advisor
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter . ^ Page
I. INTRODUCTION............................... 1
The problem ......... 9
The hypotheses* * • • • • • • • • * . • 10
Definitions of terms* 12
Organization of the dissertation* . . . 14
II* REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.................. 17
Studies that treat the effect
on a person's speech of the
acoustic environment that
precedes the moment of speech * * * . . 18
Studies that treat the effect
upon speech of the acoustic
environment that accompanies
the moment of speech* • • • • * . . • • 18
Studies that treat the effect
upon speech of the acoustic
environment which precedes
and accompanies the moment
of speech ........................ 19
Studies that treat the effect
of side-tone upon speech* * , • * • • • 21
Studies that treat modifications
Induced in stuttering • • • • * • . . • 25
III. APPARATUS AND METHODOLOGY................ 27
Calibration of apparatus for
determining delay times and
controlling sound pressure
level ............................ 27
Equipment.............................. 33
Subjects* ...................... 38
i
SS2545
ii
Chapter Page
Procedure • • • • • • ................. 38
Materials for testing and
practice.........* .....................• 41
Measuring procedure « • • • * . . • • • 48
IV* RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS ............... 45
Experimental session A* . . . . . . . . 48
Duration. * . • • • ............... .. 48
Sound pressure level. ........... 54
Experimental session £ . . . . . • • • • 50
Duration* ................. 60
Sound pressure level • 66
Experimental session C................. VS
Duration. ................. VS
Sound pressure level................. V8
V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS......... 85
REFERENCES.......... 9S
APPENDIX A Practice material number one (X). . . . 99
APPENDIX B Practice material number two (Y). . . . 1SV
APPENDIX C Practice material number three (Z). . . 159
APPENDIX-D Five-syllable test material * . . . . * 192
APPENDIX E Fifty-syllable test material. • . . • • 208
APPENDIX F Development of a method for
determining the delay times • • • • • • 206
APPENDIX G Visual and oral instructions
to the subjects ................. 208
Page
APPENDIX H Results of the fifty-syllable
test material............. 212
APPENDIX I Tables, summary of analyses of
variance (double classifica­
tion): basic measures pooled
for the three subjects of a
group, for Experimental
Sessions A, B, and C* 235
AUTOBIOGRAPHY.......... • . 248
LIST OF TABLES
Table - ~ Page
I. Delay time calibration: test condi­
tion A* Tone controls "normal".
Phase angles are measured from
secondary of input transformer to
headset* * . * .................. . . . . . . 89
II. Delay time calibration: test condi­
tion B. Tone controls "normal".
Phase angles are measured from
secondary of input transformer to
headset................... 30
III. Delay time calibration: test condi­
tion C* Tone controls "normal".
Phase angles are measured from
secondary of input transformer to
headset. . . * • • • • .................... • 31
IV. Order of presentation of Test Condi­
tions; Practice Conditions; Test
Materials; and Practice Materials. . . . . . '40
V. Summary of analysis of variance
(triple classification): basic
measures, duration (seconds) under
each of three test conditions and
at each of three times of testing
during Experimental Session A............... 49
VI. Summary of two sets of analyses of
variance (double classification):
basic measures, duration (seconds)
under each of three test conditions
and at each of three times of test­
ing during Experimental Session A. . . . . . 51
VII. Mean measurements of duration
(seconds) obtained with three test
conditions and at each of three
times of testing during Experimen­
tal Session A ........................ 53
Iv
V
Table Page
VIII. Summary of analysis of variance
(triple classification): basic
measures relative sound pressure
level (bels) under each, of* three
test conditions and at each of
three times of testing during
Experimental Session A........... 56
IX. Summary of two sets of analyses
of variance (double classifica­
tion) : basic measures, relative
sound pressure level (bels) under
each of three times of* testing
during Experimental Session A * .
X. Mean measurements of relative
sound pressure level (bels)
obtained with three test condi­
tions and at each of three times
of testing during Experimental
Session A . . . . . . . . . . . .
XI. Summary of analysis of variance
(triple classification): basic
measures, duration (seconds)
under each of three test condi­
tions and at each of three times
of testing during Experimental
Session B * ............... 62
XII. Summary of two sets of analyses
of variance (double classification):
basic measures, duration (seconds)
under each of three test conditions
and at each of three times of test­
ing during Experimental Session B • . . . .
XIII. Mean measurements of duration
(seconds) obtained with three test
conditions and at each of three
times of testing during Experimen­
tal Session B . . . . . ............... ..
vi
Table Page
XIV. Summary of* analysis of variance
(triple classification): basic - -
measures, relative sound pressure
level (bels) under each of three
test conditions and at each of
three times of testing during
Experimental Session B . ............. ..
XV. Summary of two sets of analyses
of variance (double classification):
basic measures, relative sound
pressure level (bels) under each
of three test conditions and at
each of three times of testing
during Experimental Session B . . . . . . . VO
XVI. Mean measurements of relative
sound pressure level (bels)
obtained with three test condi­
tions and at each of three
times of testing during
Experimental Session B . ............... V2
XVII. Summary of analysis of variance
(triple classification): basic
measures, duration (seconds)
under each of three test condi­
tions and at each of three times
of testing during Experimental
Session C. .. ...................... V4
XVIII. Summary of two sets of analyses
of variance (double classification):
basic measures, duration (seconds)
under each of three test condi­
tions and at each of three times
of testing during Experimental.
Session C . .......... . . . . . .
XIX. Mean measurements of duration
(seconds) obtained with three
test conditions and at each of
three times of testing during
Experimental Session C . ...........
vii
Table Page
XX* Summary or analysis of variance
(triple classification): basic
measures, relative sound pressure
level (bels) under each of three
test conditions and at each of
three times of testing during
Experimental Session C........... 80
XXI. Summary of two sets of analyses
of variance (double classification):
basic measures, relative sound
pressure level (bels) under each
of three test conditions and at
each of three times of testing
during Experimental Session C . . . . . . . 81
XXII. Mean measurements of relative
sound pressure level (bels)
obtained with three test condi­
tions and at each of three times
of testing during Experimental
Session C . ................... 83
XXIII. Summary of analysis of variance
(triple classification): basic
measures, duration (seconds)
under each of three test condi­
tions and at each of three times
of testing during Experimental
Session A . • . « » . * . . «, . . . . • . . 214
XXIV. Summary of two sets of analyses
of variance (double classification):
basic measures, duration (seconds)
under each of three test condi­
tions and at each of three times
of testing during Experimental
Session A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
XXV. Mean measurements of duration
(seconds) obtained with three
test conditions and at each of
three times of testing during
Experimental Session A. . . . . . . . . . * 217
viii
Table Page
XXVI, Summary of* analysis of* variance
(triple classification): basic
measures, relative sound pressure
level (bels) under ea,ch of three
test conditions and at each of
three times of testing during
Experimental Session A * ......... 218
XXVII, Summary of two sets of analyses
of variance (double classification)
basic measures, relative sound
pressure level (bels) under each
of three test conditions and at
each of three times of testing
during Experimental Session A . * . 219
XXVIII* Mean measurements of relative
sound pressure level (bels)
obtained with three test condi­
tions and at each of three times
of testing during Experimental
Session A ........... # * * . . . 220
XXIX* Summary of analysis of variance
(triple classification): basic
measures, duration (seconds)
under each of three test condi­
tions and at each of three times
of testing during Experimental
Session B * ......... * • • * * , 221
XXX. Summary of two sets of analyses
of variance (double classification):
basic measures, duration (seconds)
under each of three test condi­
tions and at each of three times '
of testing during Experimental
Session B . . * ................... 222
XXXI. Mean measurements of duration
(seconds) obtained with three
test conditions and at each of
three times of testing during
Experimental Session B. ............. 224
Table Page
XXXII. Summary or analysis of variance
(triple classification): basic '
measures, sound pressure level
(bels) under each of three test
conditions and at each of three
times of testing during Experi­
mental Session B. . . . . . •, . . . • . • . 225
XXXIII. Summary of two sets of analyses
of variance (double classifica­
tion): basic measures, relative
sound pressure level (bels) under
each of three test conditions and
at each of three times of testing
during Experimental Session B ............... 226
XXXIV, Mean measurements of relative
sound pressure level (bels)
obtained with three test condi­
tions and at each of three times
of testing during Experimental
Session B . . . ♦ . . . . . . . . 227
XXXV, Summary of analysis of variance
(triple classification): basic
measures, duration (seconds)
under each of three test condi­
tions and at each of three times
of testing during Experimental
Session C . . . . . . ........... 228
XXXVI. Summary of two sets of analyses
of variance (double classification)
basic measures, duration (seconds)
under each of three test condi­
tions and at each of three times
of testing during Experimental
Session C . . ........... 229
XXXVII. Mean measurements of duration
(seconds) obtained with three
test conditions and at each of
three times of testing during
Experimental Session C. . . . . 231