The Economic Performance of the EU Aquaculture Sector (STECF 14-18)

456 Pages·2015·9.96 MB·English

The Economic Performance of the EU
Aquaculture Sector (STECF 14-18)
Scientific, Technical and Economic
Committee for Fisheries (STECF)
Edited by
Rasmus Nielsen,
ArinaMotova

This report was reviewed by the STECF during its 47th plenary meeting
held from 10 to 14 November 2014 in Brussels, Belgium
EUR 27033 EN
European Commission
Joint Research Centre
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen

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JRC 93169
EUR 27033 EN
ISBN 978-92-79-44719-8
ISSN 1831-9424
doi:10.2788/15501
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2014
© European Union, 2014
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged

How to cite this report:
Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) – The economic performance of the EU aquaculture sector (STECF
14-18). 2014. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, EUR 27033 EN, JRC 93169, 451 pp.

Printed in Italy
TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................................... 3
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................................. 9
THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE EU AQUACULTURE SECTOR (STECF 14-18) ....................................................... 12
B ........................................................................................................................................................................ 12
ACKGROUND
R STECF .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
EQUEST TO THE
I ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12
NTRODUCTION
O STECF .................................................................................................................................................. 13
BSERVATIONS OF THE
C STECF ................................................................................................................................................... 15
ONCLUSIONS OF THE
EXPERT WORKING GROUP EWG-14-10 REPORT ............................................................................................................. 16
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................... 17
KEYFINDINGS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18

1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
1.1 T ................................................................................................................................................. 21
ERMS OF REFERENCE
1.2 D DCF ...................................................................................................................................... 22
ATA COLLECTED UNDER
1.3 D ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
ATA COVERAGE
2 EU AQUACULTURE SECTOR OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................. 30
2.1 T EU .................................................................................................................................... 31
HE AQUACULTURE SECTOR
2.2 E EU ............................................................................................ 33
CONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE AQUACULTURE SECTOR
3 THE STRUCTURE OF THE EU AQUACULTURE SECTOR ............................................................................................. 39
3.1 M .............................................................................................................................................. 42
ARINE AQUACULTURE
3.2 S ............................................................................................................................................ 57
HELLFISH AQUACULTURE
3.3 F ........................................................................................................................................ 80
RESHWATER AQUACULTURE
4 NATIONAL CHAPTERS ............................................................................................................................................ 93
4.1 AUSTRIA ................................................................................................................................................................ 94
4.2 BELGIUM ............................................................................................................................................................... 96
4.3 BULGARIA .............................................................................................................................................................. 98
4.4 CROATIA .............................................................................................................................................................. 113
4.5 CYPRUS ................................................................................................................................................................ 128
4.6 CZECHREPUBLIC ................................................................................................................................................. 139

4.7 DENMARK ........................................................................................................................................................... 142
4.8 ESTONIA .............................................................................................................................................................. 158
4.9 FINLAND .............................................................................................................................................................. 169
4.10 FRANCE ............................................................................................................................................................... 184
4.11 GERMANY ............................................................................................................................................................ 202
4.12 GREECE ................................................................................................................................................................ 209
4.13 HUNGARY ............................................................................................................................................................ 217
4.14 IRELAND .............................................................................................................................................................. 219
4.15 ITALY.................................................................................................................................................................... 236
4.16 LATVIA ................................................................................................................................................................. 256
4.17 LITHUANIA ........................................................................................................................................................... 261
4.18 MALTA ................................................................................................................................................................. 266
4.19 NETHERLANDS..................................................................................................................................................... 275
4.20 POLAND ............................................................................................................................................................... 289
4.21 PORTUGAL ........................................................................................................................................................... 297
4.22 ROMANIA ............................................................................................................................................................ 312
4.23 SLOVAKIA ............................................................................................................................................................ 328
4.24 SLOVENIA ............................................................................................................................................................ 331
1
4.25 SPAIN ................................................................................................................................................................... 345
4.26 SWEDEN .............................................................................................................................................................. 364
4.27 UNITEDKINGDOM ............................................................................................................................................... 380

5 SPECIAL TOPIC: AREAS FOR GROWTH IN THE EU AQUACULTURE SECTOR. .......................................................... 391
5.1 EUO ........................................................................................................................................................ 391
VERVIEW
5.2 R ................................................................................................................................... 393
EGULATION OF EXTERNALITIES
5.3 A R ............................................................................................................... 397
DMINISTRATIVE AND EGULATORY BARRIERS
5.4 F ............................................................................................... 401
OCUS ON TECHNICAL EXTERNALITIES AFFECTING GROWTH
5.5 S ......................................................................................................... 405
UMMARY ON EXTERNALITIES AFFECTING GROWTH
6 GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................................................... 430
6.1 P .......................................................................................................................................... 430
ARAMETERS REQUESTED
6.2 I ........................................................................................................................................... 436
NDICATORS CALCULATED
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................................. 440
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................................. 443
1. S .......................................................................................................................................................... 443
EGMENT CODES
2. D ......................................................................................................................................................................... 444
ATA
3. C STECF EWG-14-10L P .................................................................... 444
ONTACT DETAILS OF MEMBERS AND IST OF ARTICIPANTS

2
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: World and EU-28 seafood production (capture and aquaculture): 1990-2012.................................................................................................... 30
Figure 2.2: Aquaculture production in EU Member States in terms of weight: 2012. ........................................................................................................... 31
Figure 2.3: Aquaculture production in EU Member States in terms of value: 2012. ............................................................................................................. 32
Figure 2.4: Total sales weight and turnover in the EU Aquaculture sector per MS: 2012. .................................................................................................... 34
Figure 2.5: Numbers of Employees and FTE’s in the Member States Aquaculture sector: 2012. .......................................................................................... 35
Figure 2.6: Average wage in the EU Aquaculture sector per MS: 2012. ................................................................................................................................ 36
Figure 3.1: EU (28) aquaculture production in weight and value by subsector: 1990-2012. ................................................................................................. 39
Figure 3.2: EU Aquaculture economic performance by subsector: 2012. .............................................................................................................................. 40
Figure 3.3: Main species produced in EU aquaculture: 2012. ............................................................................................................................................... 41
Figure 3.4: Main species produced in the EU marine aquaculture facilities: 2012. ............................................................................................................... 44
Figure 3.5: Economic performance indicators for salmon aquaculture: 2012. ...................................................................................................................... 46
Figure 3.6: Economic performance indicators for salmon aquaculture: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................. 47
Figure 3.7: Development of economic performance for EU salmon aquaculture: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................. 47
Figure 3.8: Costs breakdown for the EU salmon aquaculture: 2012...................................................................................................................................... 48
Figure 3.9: Price evolution of the main species of salmon group: 2008-2012. ...................................................................................................................... 48
Figure 3.10: Economic performance indicators for sea bass and sea bream aquaculture: 2012. .......................................................................................... 51
Figure 3.11: Economic performance indicators for sea bass and sea bream aquaculture: 2008-2012. ................................................................................. 52
Figure 3.12: Development of economic performance for the EU sea bass and sea bream aquaculture: 2008-2012. ........................................................... 53
Figure 3.13: Costs breakdown for the EU sea bass and sea bream aquaculture: 2012. ........................................................................................................ 54
Figure 3.14: Price evolution of the main species of sea bass and sea bream group: 2008-2012. .......................................................................................... 55
Figure 3.15: Main species, produced in the other marine fish farming facilities: 2012. ........................................................................................................ 56
Figure 3.16: Main species, produced in the EU shellfish farming facilities: 2012. ................................................................................................................. 59
Figure 3.17: Development of economic performance for the EU mussel aquaculture: 2008-2012. ...................................................................................... 62
Figure 3.18: Costs breakdown for the EU mussel aquaculture: 2012. ................................................................................................................................... 63
Figure 3.19 Principle of Mussel cultivation in Germany and The Netherlands ...................................................................................................................... 65
Figure 3.20: Economic performance indicators for mussel aquaculture: 2008-2012. ........................................................................................................... 66
Figure 3.21: Price evolution of the main species of mussel group: 2008-2012. .................................................................................................................... 66
Figure 3.22: Economic performance indicators for oyster aquaculture: 2012. ..................................................................................................................... 70
Figure 3.23: Economic performance indicators for oyster aquaculture: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................ 71
Figure 3.24: Development of economic performance for the EU oyster aquaculture: 2008-2012. ....................................................................................... 72
Figure 3.25: Costs breakdown for the EU oyster aquaculture: 2012. .................................................................................................................................... 73
Figure 3.26: Price evolution of the main species of oyster group: 2008-2012....................................................................................................................... 74
Figure 3.27: Economic performance indicators for clam aquaculture: 2012. ........................................................................................................................ 76
Figure 3.28: Economic performance indicators for clam aquaculture: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................... 77
Figure 3.29: Development of economic performance for the EU clam aquaculture: 2008-2012. ......................................................................................... 77
Figure 3.30: Costs breakdown for the EU clam aquaculture: 2012. ....................................................................................................................................... 78
Figure 3.31: Price evolution of the main species of oyster group: 2008-2012....................................................................................................................... 78
Figure 3.32: Main species, produced in the other shellfish farming facilities: 2012. ............................................................................................................. 79
Figure 3.33: Main species, produced in the EU Member States excluding land lock countries freshwater farming facilities: 2012...................................... 82
Figure 3.34: Economic performance indicators for trout aquaculture: 2012. ....................................................................................................................... 84
Figure 3.35: Economic performance indicators for trout aquaculture: 2008-2012. .............................................................................................................. 85
Figure 3.36: Development of economic performance for the EU trout aquaculture: 2008-2012. ......................................................................................... 86
Figure 3.37: Costs breakdown for the EU trout aquaculture: 2012. ...................................................................................................................................... 86
3
Figure 3.38: Price evolution of the main species of trout group: 2008-2012. ....................................................................................................................... 87
Figure 3.39: Economic performance indicators for carp aquaculture: 2012. ........................................................................................................................ 89
Figure 3.40: Economic performance indicators for carp aquaculture: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................... 90
Figure 3.41: Costs breakdown for the EU carp aquaculture: 2012. ....................................................................................................................................... 90
Figure 3.42: Price evolution of the main species of carp group: 2008-2012. ......................................................................................................................... 91
Figure 3.43: Main species, produced in the other freshwater farming facilities: 2012. ........................................................................................................ 91
Figure 4.1.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in Austrian production: 2012. ........................................................................................................ 95
Figure 4.1.2 Average prices for the main species produced in Austria: 2008-2012. .............................................................................................................. 95
Figure 4.2.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in Belgian production: 2011. .......................................................................................................... 97
Figure 4.3.1 Employment trends for Bulgaria: 2008-2012. .................................................................................................................................................. 100
Figure 4.3.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for Bulgaria: 2008-2012. .............................................................................................. 101
Figure 4.3.3 Economic performance for Bulgaria: 2008-2012 ............................................................................................................................................. 103
Figure 4.3.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Bulgarian production: 2012. .................................................................................................... 103
Figure 4.3.5 Average prices for the main species produced in Bulgaria: 2008-2012. .......................................................................................................... 104
Figure 4.3.6 Structural development of Bulgarian aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................ 105
Figure 4.3.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Bulgarian segments: 2008-2012. .......................................................................................... 107
Figure 4.3.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Bulgaria: 2012. .................................................................................................................................. 108
Figure 4.3.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Bulgarian segments: 2008-2012. ........................................................................................................ 109
Figure 4.3.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Bulgaria: 2008-2012 ........................................................................................................ 112
Figure 4.4.1 Employment trends for Croatia: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................................................................... 115
Figure 4.4.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for Croatia: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................... 115
Figure 4.4.3 Economic performance for Croatia: 2008-2012............................................................................................................................................... 117
Figure 4.4.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Croatian production: 2012. ...................................................................................................... 118
Figure 4.4.5 Average prices for the main species produced in Croatia: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................ 118
Figure 4.4.6 Structural development Croatian aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................................. 120
Figure 4.4.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Croatian segments: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................ 122
Figure 4.4.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Croatia: 2012. ................................................................................................................................... 123
Figure 4.4.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Croatian segments: 2008-2012........................................................................................................... 124
Figure 4.4.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Croatia: 2008-2012 ......................................................................................................... 127
Figure 4.5.1 Employment trends for Cyprus: 2008-2012. .................................................................................................................................................... 130
Figure 4.5.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for Cyprus: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................ 130
Figure 4.5.3 Economic performance for Cyprus: 2008-2012 ............................................................................................................................................... 132
Figure 4.5.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Cyprus production: 2012.......................................................................................................... 133
Figure 4.5.5 Average prices for the main species produced in Cyprus: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................ 133
Figure 4.5.6 Structural development Cyprian aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................................... 134
Figure 4.5.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Cyprian segments: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................. 135
Figure 4.5.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Cyprus: 2012. .................................................................................................................................... 136
Figure 4.5.9 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Cyprus: 2008-2012 ............................................................................................................ 138
Figure 4.6.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in Czech Republic production: 2012............................................................................................. 140
Figure 4.6.2 Average prices for the main species produced in Czech Republic: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................... 140
Figure 4.7.1 Employment trends for Denmark: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................................................................ 144
Figure 4.7.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for Denmark: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................ 145
Figure 4.7.3 Economic performance for Denmark: 2008-2012 ........................................................................................................................................... 147
Figure 4.7.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Danish production: 2012. ......................................................................................................... 148
Figure 4.7.5 Average prices for the main species produced in Denmark: 2008-2012. ......................................................................................................... 148
Figure 4.7.6 Structural development Danish aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. .................................................................................................................... 150
4
Figure 4.7.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Danish segments: 2008-2012. .............................................................................................. 152
Figure 4.7.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Denmark: 2012. ................................................................................................................................ 153
Figure 4.7.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Danish segments: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................ 154
Figure 4.7.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Denmark: 2008-2012 ...................................................................................................... 157
Figure 4.8.1 Employment trends for Estonia (primary trout farming enterprises): 2008-2012. .......................................................................................... 160
Figure 4.8.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for primary trout farming enterprises in Estonia: 2008-2012. ..................................... 160
Figure 4.8.3 Economic performance for Estonia (primary trout farming enterprises): 2008-2012 ..................................................................................... 162
Figure 4.8.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Estonia production: 2012. ........................................................................................................ 162
Figure 4.8.5 Average prices for the main species produced in Estonia: 2008-2012............................................................................................................. 163
Figure 4.8.6 Structural development Estonian aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................................. 164
Figure 4.8.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Estonian segments: 2008-2012. ........................................................................................... 165
Figure 4.8.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Estonia: 2012. ................................................................................................................................... 166
Figure 4.8.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Estonian segments: 2008-2012. ......................................................................................................... 166
Figure 4.8.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Estonia: 2008-2012 ......................................................................................................... 168
Figure 4.9.1 Employment trends for Finland: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................................................................... 172
Figure 4.9.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for Finland: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................... 172
Figure 4.9.3 Economic performance for Finland: 2008-2012 .............................................................................................................................................. 174
Figure 4.9.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Finland production: 2012. ........................................................................................................ 175
Figure 4.9.5 Average prices for the main species produced in Finland: 2008-2012............................................................................................................. 175
Figure 4.9.6 Structural development Finish aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. ...................................................................................................................... 176
Figure 4.9.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Finish segments: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................ 178
Figure 4.9.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Finland: 2012. ................................................................................................................................... 179
Figure 4.9.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Finnish segments: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................ 180
Figure 4.9.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Finland: 2008-2012 ......................................................................................................... 183
Figure 4.10.1 Employment trends for France: 2008-2012. .................................................................................................................................................. 187
Figure 4.10.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for France: 2008-2012. .............................................................................................. 187
Figure 4.10.3 Economic performance for France: 2008-2012 ............................................................................................................................................. 189
Figure 4.10.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in France production: 2012. ....................................................................................................... 190
Figure 4.10.5 Average prices for the main species produced in France: 2008-2012. .......................................................................................................... 190
Figure 4.10.6 Structural development of French aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. .............................................................................................................. 192
Figure 4.10.7 Economic performance indicators for the main French segments: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................ 195
Figure 4.10.8 Cost structure of the main segments in France: 2012. .................................................................................................................................. 196
Figure 4.10.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main French segments: 2008-2012. .......................................................................................................... 197
Figure 4.10.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for France: 2008-2012 ........................................................................................................ 201
Figure 4.11.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in German production: 2012. ..................................................................................................... 203
Figure 4.11.2 Average prices for the German blue mussels segment: 2008-2012. .............................................................................................................. 206
Figure 4.11.3 Economic performance indicators for the German blue mussels segment: 2008-2012. ............................................................................... 206
Figure 4.11.4 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Germany: 2008-2012 ...................................................................................................... 208
Figure 4.12.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in Greek production: 2012. ........................................................................................................ 213
Figure 4.12.2 Structural development of Greek aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................... 213
Figure 4.12.3 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Greece: 2008-2012 ......................................................................................................... 216
Figure 4.13.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in Hungarian production: 2012. ................................................................................................. 218
Figure 4.13.2 Average prices for the main species produced in Hungary: 2008-2012. ........................................................................................................ 218
Figure 4.14.1 Employment trends for Ireland: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................................................................. 221
Figure 4.14.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for Ireland: 2008-2012. .............................................................................................. 222
Figure 4.14.3 Economic performance for Ireland: 2008-2012 ............................................................................................................................................. 224
5
Figure 4.14.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Ireland production: 2012. ...................................................................................................... 225
Figure 4.14.5 Average prices for the main species produced in Ireland: 2008-2012. .......................................................................................................... 225
Figure 4.14.6 Structural development of Irish aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. .................................................................................................................. 226
Figure 4.14.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Irish segments: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................ 228
Figure 4.14.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Ireland: 2012. .................................................................................................................................. 229
Figure 4.14.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Irish segments: 2008-2012. .............................................................................................................. 230
Figure 4.14.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Ireland: 2008-2012 ....................................................................................................... 234
Figure 4.15.1 Employment trends for Italy: 2008-2012. ...................................................................................................................................................... 239
Figure 4.15.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for Italy: 2008-2012. .................................................................................................. 240
Figure 4.15.3 Economic performance for Italy: 2008-2012 ................................................................................................................................................. 242
Figure 4.15.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Italy production: 2012. ........................................................................................................... 243
The Figure 4.15.5 of the trend in prices, the group of species with the best performance of price is represented by "freshwater fish nei". This group
contains the production of sturgeon intended for the production of caviar. ...................................................................................................................... 243
Figure 4.15.6 Structural development of Italian aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................... 244
Figure 4.15.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Italian segments: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................. 246
Figure 4.15.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Italy: 2012. ...................................................................................................................................... 248
Figure 4.15.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Italian segments: 2008-2012. ........................................................................................................... 250
Figure 4.15.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Italy: 2008-2012 ............................................................................................................ 255
Figure 4.16.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in Latvian production: 2012. ...................................................................................................... 258
Figure 4.16.2 Average prices for the main species produced in Latvia: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................ 258
Figure 4.17.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in Lithuanian production: 2012. ................................................................................................. 263
Figure 4.17.2 Average prices for the main species produced in Lithuania: 2008-2012. ...................................................................................................... 264
Figure 4.18.1 Employment trends for Malta: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................................................................... 268
Figure 4.18.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for Malta: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................ 269
Figure 4.18.3 Economic performance for Malta: 2008-2012 ............................................................................................................................................... 271
Figure 4.18.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Malta production: 2012. ........................................................................................................ 271
Figure 4.18.5 Average prices for the main species produced in Malta: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................ 272
Figure 4.18.6 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Malta: 2008-2012 ........................................................................................................... 274
Figure 4.19.1 Employment trends for the Netherlands: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................................................... 277
Figure 4.19.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for the Netherlands: 2008-2012. ............................................................................... 278
Figure 4.19.3 Economic performance for the Netherlands: 2008-2012 .............................................................................................................................. 280
Figure 4.19.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Dutch production: 2011. ........................................................................................................ 280
Figure 4.19.5 Average prices for the main species produced in the Netherlands: 2008-2012. ........................................................................................... 281
Figure 4.19.6 Structural development of Dutch aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................... 282
Figure 4.19.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Dutch segments: 2008-2012. .............................................................................................. 284
Figure 4.19.8 Cost structure of the main segments in the Netherlands: 2011. ................................................................................................................... 285
Figure 4.19.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Dutch segments: 2008-2012............................................................................................................. 285
Figure 4.19.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for the Netherlands: 2008-2012 ......................................................................................... 288
Figure 4.20.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in Polish production: 2012. ........................................................................................................ 292
Figure 4.20.2 Average prices for the main species produced in Poland: 2008-2012. .......................................................................................................... 292
Figure 4.20.3 Economic performance indicators for the main Polish segments: 2008-2012. .............................................................................................. 293
Figure 4.20.4 Cost structure of the main segments in Poland: 2012. .................................................................................................................................. 294
Figure 4.21.1 Employment trends for Portugal: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................................................... 299
Figure 4.21.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for Portugal: 2008-2012............................................................................................. 299
Figure 4.21.3 Economic performance for Portugal: 2008-2012 ........................................................................................................................................... 301
Figure 4.21.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Portugal production: 2012. .................................................................................................... 302
6
Figure 4.21.5 Average prices for the main species produced in Portugal: 2008-2012. ........................................................................................................ 302
Figure 4.21.6 Structural development of Portuguese aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. ....................................................................................................... 303
Figure 4.21.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Portuguese segments: 2008-2012. ..................................................................................... 305
Figure 4.21.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Portugal: 2012................................................................................................................................. 306
Figure 4.21.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Portuguese segments: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................... 307
Figure 4.21.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Portugal: 2008-2012 ..................................................................................................... 311
Figure 4.22.1 Employment trends for Romania: 2009-2012. ............................................................................................................................................... 314
Figure 4.22.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for Romania: 2009-2012. ........................................................................................... 315
Figure 4.22.3 Economic performance for Romania: 2009-2012 .......................................................................................................................................... 317
Figure 4.22.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Romania production: 2012. ................................................................................................... 318
Figure 4.22.5 Structural development of Romanian aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. ......................................................................................................... 319
Figure 4.22.6 Economic performance indicators for the main Romanian segments: 2009-2012. ....................................................................................... 321
Figure 4.22.7 Cost structure of the main segments in Romania: 2012. ............................................................................................................................... 322
Figure 4.22.8 Feed and livestock prices for the main Romanian segments: 2009-2012. ..................................................................................................... 323
Figure 4.22.9 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Romania: 2008-2012 ....................................................................................................... 327
Figure 4.23.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in Slovakian production: 2012. .................................................................................................. 329
Figure 4.23.2 Average prices for the main species produced in Slovakia: 2008-2012. ........................................................................................................ 329
Figure 4.24.1 Employment trends for Slovenia: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................................................... 334
Figure 4.24.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for Slovenia: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................ 335
Figure 4.24.3 Economic performance for Slovenia: 2008-2012 ........................................................................................................................................... 337
Figure 4.24.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Slovenia production: 2012. .................................................................................................... 338
Figure 4.24.5 Average prices for the main species produced in Slovenia: 2008-2012. ........................................................................................................ 338
Figure 4.24.6 Structural development of Slovenian aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. ......................................................................................................... 339
Figure 4.24.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Slovenian segments: 2008-2012. ........................................................................................ 340
Figure 4.24.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Slovenia: 2012. ................................................................................................................................ 341
Figure 4.24.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Slovenian segments: 2008-2012. ...................................................................................................... 341
Figure 4.24.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Slovenia: 2008-2012 ..................................................................................................... 344
Figure 4.25.1 Employment trends for Spain: 2008-2012. .................................................................................................................................................... 349
Figure 4.25.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for Spain: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................ 349
Figure 4.25.3 Economic performance for Spain: 2008-2012 ............................................................................................................................................... 352
Figure 4.25.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Spanish production: 2012. ..................................................................................................... 353
Figure 4.25.5 Average prices for the main species produced in Spain: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................ 353
Figure 4.25.6 Structural development of Spanish aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................ 354
Figure 4.25.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Spanish segments: 2008-2012. ........................................................................................... 357
Figure 4.25.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Spain: 2012. .................................................................................................................................... 358
Figure 4.25.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Spanish segments: 2008-2012. ......................................................................................................... 359
Figure 4.25.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Spain: 2008-2012 .......................................................................................................... 363
Figure 4.26.1 Employment trends for Sweden: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................................................................ 366
Figure 4.26.2 Income, costs, wages and labour productivity trends for Sweden: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................ 367
Figure 4.26.3 Economic performance for Sweden: 2008-2012 ........................................................................................................................................... 369
Figure 4.26.4 Main species in terms of weight and value in Sweden production: 2012. ..................................................................................................... 369
Figure 4.26.5 Average prices for the main species produced in Sweden: 2008-2012.......................................................................................................... 370
Figure 4.26.6 Structural development of Swedish aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. ............................................................................................................ 372
Figure 4.26.7 Economic performance indicators for the main Swedish segments: 2008-2012. .......................................................................................... 374
Figure 4.26.8 Cost structure of the main segments in Sweden: 2012. ................................................................................................................................ 375
Figure 4.26.9 Feed and livestock prices for the main Swedish segments: 2008-2012. ........................................................................................................ 376
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Figure 4.26.10 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for Swedish: 2008-2012...................................................................................................... 379
Figure 4.27.1 Main species in terms of weight and value in UK production: 2012. ............................................................................................................. 384
Figure 4.27.2 Average prices for the main species produced in UK: 2008-2012. ................................................................................................................. 385
Figure 4.27.3 Structural development of UK aquaculture sector: 2008-2012. .................................................................................................................... 386
Figure 4.27.4 Comparison of DCF data with EUROSTAT data for UK: 2008-2012 ................................................................................................................ 390
Figure 5.1: Growth in aquaculture production in selected countries 1990-2012 (1990=1). ................................................................................................ 391
Figure 5.2: World aquaculture production by continent and EU share (volume and value): 1990-2012 ............................................................................. 392
Figure 5.3: Efficient level of output ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 393

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