The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History

1004 Pages·2010·257.49 MB·English

by  Richard Bulliet

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The Earth and Its Peoples
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The Earth and Its Peoples
A GLOBAL HISTORY
FIFTH EDITION
Richard W. Bulliet
Columbia University
Pamela Kyle Crossley
Dartmouth College
Daniel R. Headrick
Roosevelt University
Steven W. Hirsch
Tufts University
Lyman L. Johnson
University of North Carolina—Charlotte
David Northrup
Boston College
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
The Earth and Its Peoples, 5e . 2011, 2008, 2005 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
Richard W. Bulliet, Pamela Kyle Crossley,
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Daniel R. Headrick, Steven W. Hirsch,
may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means
Lyman L. Johnson, David Northrup
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BRIEF CONTENTS
PART I The Emergence of Human PART V The Globe Encompassed,
Communities, to 500 b.c.e. 2 1500–1750 446
1 Nature, Humanity, and History, to 3500 b.c.e. 4 17 Transformations in Europe, 1500–1750 448
2 The First River-Valley Civilizations, 18 The Diversity of American Colonial Societies,
3500–1500 b.c.e. 26 1530–1770 476
3 New Civilizations in the Eastern and Western 19 The Atlantic System and Africa, 1550–1800 504
Hemispheres, 2200–250 b.c.e. 52 20 Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean,
4 The Mediterranean and Middle East, 1500–1750 530
2000–500 b.c.e. 80 21 Northern Eurasia, 1500–1800 554
PART II The Formation of New Cultural PART VI Revolutions Reshape the World,
Communities, 1000 b.c.e.–400 c.e. 114 1750–1870 578
5 Greece and Iran, 1000–30 b.c.e. 116 22 Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World,
6 An Age of Empires: Rome and Han China, 1750–1850 580
753 b.c.e.–330 c.e. 148 23 The Early Industrial Revolution, 1760–1851 606
7 India and Southeast Asia, 24 Nation Building and Economic Transformation
1500 b.c.e.–1025 c.e. 178 in the Americas, 1800–1890 630
25 Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism,
PART III Growth and Interaction 1800–1870 660
of Cultural Communities,
26 Africa, India, and the New British Empire,
300 b.c.e.–1200 c.e. 206
1750–1870 684
8 Networks of Communication and Exchange,
300 b.c.e.–1100 c.e. 208
PART VII Global Diversity and Dominance,
9 The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam, 1850–1945 710
200–1200 228
27 The New Power Balance, 1850–1900 712
10 Christian Societies Emerge in Europe,
28 The New Imperialism, 1869–1914 738
600–1200 254
29 The Crisis of the Imperial Order, 1900–1929 764
11 Inner and East Asia, 400–1200 282
30 The Collapse of the Old Order, 1929–1949 794
12 Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas,
31 Striving for Independence: India, Africa,
200–1500 306
and Latin America, 1900–1949 820
PART IV Interregional Patterns of Culture
PART VIII Perils and Promises of a Global
and Contact, 1200–1550 334
Community, 1945 to the Present 844
13 Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath,
32 The Cold War and Decolonization,
1200–1500 336
1945–1975 846
14 Tropical Africa and Asia, 1200–1500 366
33 The End of the Cold War and the Challenge
15 The Latin West, 1200–1500 390
of Economic Development and Immigration,
16 The Maritime Revolution, to 1550 418 1975–2000 872
34 New Challenges in a New Millennium 902
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CONTENTS
MAPS xix ISSUES IN WORLD HISTORY xxii
ENVIRONMENT + TECHNOLOGY xxi PREFACE xxiii
DIVERSITY + DOMINANCE xxi ABOUT THE AUTHORS xxx
MATERIAL CULTURE xxi NOTE ON SPELLING AND USAGE xxxii
PART I The Emergence of Human Communities, to 500 b.c.e. 1
1 THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION 45
Nature, Humanity, and History,
Natural Environment 46 • Material Culture 46 •
to 3500 b.c.e. 4 Transformation of the Indus Valley Civilization 47
CONCLUSION 49
AFRICAN GENESIS 5
KEY TERMS 50 • EBOOK AND WEBSITE RESOURCES 50 •
Interpreting the Evidence 6 • Human Evolution 6 •
SUGGESTED READING 50 • NOTES 51
Migrations from Africa 8
DIVERSITY + DOMINANCE: Violence and Order in
TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE IN THE ICE AGE 11
the Babylonian New Year’s Festival 36
Food Gathering and Stone Tools 11 • Gender Roles and
ENVIRONMENT + TECHNOLOGY: Environmental Stress
Social Life 13 • Hearths and Cultural Expressions 14
in the Indus Valley 48
THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS 17
The Transition to Plant Cultivation 17 • Domesticated
3
Animals and Pastoralism 19 • Agriculture and Ecological New Civilizations in the Eastern
Crisis 20 and Western Hemispheres,
LIFE IN NEOLITHIC COMMUNITIES 20 2200–250 b.c.e. 52
The Triumph of Food Producers 20 • Cultural
Expressions 21 • Early Towns and Specialists 21
EARLY CHINA, 2000–221 b.c.e. 54
CONCLUSION 24
Geography and Resources 54 • The Shang Period,
KEY TERMS 24 • EBOOK AND WEBSITE RESOURCES 24 • 1750–1045 B.C.E. 55 • The Zhou Period, 1045–221
SUGGESTED READING 24 • NOTES 25 B.C.E. 58 • Confucianism, Daoism, and Chinese
DIVERSITY + DOMINANCE: Cave Art 12 Society 61 • The Warring States Period, 481–221 B.C.E. 64
ENVIRONMENT + TECHNOLOGY: The Iceman 15 NUBIA, 3100 b.c.e.–350 c.e. 65
Early Cultures and Egyptian Domination
2300–1100 B.C.E. 66 • The Kingdom of Meroë,
2
The First River-Valley Civilizations, 800 B.C.E.–350 C.E. 67
3500–1500 b.c.e. 26 CELTIC EUROPE, 1000–50 b.c.e. 68
The Spread of the Celts 69 • Celtic Society 70 • Belief
MESOPOTAMIA 29 and Knowledge 71
Settled Agriculture in an Unstable Landscape 29 • FIRST CIVILIZATIONS OF THE AMERICAS:
Sumerians and Semites 30 • Cities, Kings, and Trade 31 • THE OLMEC AND CHAVÍN, 1200–250 b.c.e. 72
Mesopotamian Society 33 • Gods, Priests, and The Mesoamerican Olmec, 1200–400 B.C.E. 72
Temples 34 • Technology and Science 35 Early South American Civilization: Chavín,
EGYPT 38 900–250 B.C.E. 75
The Land of Egypt: “Gift of the Nile” 38 • Divine
Kingship 40 • Administration and Communication 41 •
The People of Egypt 42 • Belief and Knowledge 43
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