The Duration and Political Nature of the Inca Empire

307 Pages·2015·41.079 MB·English

by  Robert Barker, Stephen M. Hart

THE DURATION AND POLITICAL
NATURE OF THE INCA EMPIRE
Robert Barker
With a Foreword by
Stephen M. Hart
The Edwin Mellen Press
Lewiston• Lampeter
J.,ibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014939702
Barker, Robert.
The duration and political nature of the Inca empire I Robert Barker ; with
a foreword by Stephen M. Hart.
1. History--historiography. 2. History--ancient. 3. History--Americas.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7734-0086-3(hardcover)
ISBN-1 0: 0-7734-0086-9 (hardcover)
L Title.
hors serie.
A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library.
Copyright © 2014 Robert Barker
All rights reserved. For information contact
The Edwin Mellen Press The Edwin Mellen Press, Ltd
Box450 Lampeter, Ceredigion, Wales
Lewiston, New York UNITED KINGDOM SA48 8LT
USA 14092-0450
Printed in the United States of America

Contents
Abstract ................................................................... i
Foreword by Stephen M. Hart ................................. v
Acknowledgements .............................................. vii
Chapter 1: J.H. Rowe's Chronological Hypothesis
its Legacy .................................................................... 1
The Rowean Legacy in the Work of Maria
Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, Juha Hiltunen and Ake
Wedin .......................................................................... 20
Chapter 2: Reviewing the Textual Evidence: A New
Look at the Early Peruvian Chroniclers ............................ 58
The Pre-Toledan Chroniclers ............................ 67
The Toledan Chroniclers ................................... 68
The Post-Toledan Chroniclers ........................... 70
Pedro Cieza de Le6n ......................................... 73
Juan Diez de Betanzos ...................................... 86
Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa ............................. 96
Miguel Cabello de Balboa ............................... 101
Agustin de Zarate ............................................ 111
EI Inca Garcilaso de la Vega ........................... 118
Conclusions to be drawn from the early
chroniclers .................................................................. 124
Chapter 3: Alternative Methodologies: From Ethno-
history to Archaeology ................................................... 126
Probanzas, Pleitos, Visitas and Extirpaciones.. 131
Khipus and Pictograms ................................... 134
From Archaeology to Anthropology ............... 152
Chapter 4: The 'Lost' Incas: A New Hypothesis. 182
Manco Capac, the first Inca King .................... 185
Sinchi Roca, the second Inca King .................. 190
Lloque (or Lloqui) Yupanqui, the third Inca King
................................................................................... 192
Mayta Capac, the fourth Inca King .................. 193
Capac Yupanqui, the fifth Inca King ............... 194
Inca Roca, the sixth Inca King ........................ 195
Y ahuar Huaca (or Huacac ), seventh Inca King 197
Viracocha Inca, the eighth Inca King .............. 201
Inca Urco, the ninth Inca King (1st 'lost' Inca) 202
Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, also known as Titu Cusi
Yupanqui, and Pachacutec, the tenth Inca King .......... 203
Amaro Topacna Tupac Yupanqui, the eleventh
Inca King (2nd 'lost' Inca) ........................................... 213
Yamque Yupanqui, the twelfth Inca King (3rd
'lost' Inca) .................................................................. 222
Inca Tupac Yupanqui, also known as Topa Inca
Yupanqui, the thirteenth Inca King ............................. 225
Huayna Capac, or Guayna Capac, the fourteenth
Inca King ............................' : ...................................... 231
Huascar, the fifteenth Inca King ...................... 233
Atahualpa, the sixteenth and last Inca King ..... 233
Preliminary conclusions ...................................... 235
Summary conclusion .......................................... 241
Glossary ............................................................. 245
Bibliography ....................................................... 249
Manuscripts .................................................... 249
Patronato ........................................................ 249
Published Works ............................................. 251
Secondary Criticism on the Chroniclers,
Ethnohistorians and Archaeologists ............................ 262
Index .................................................................. 279

Abstract
The major research problem I have addressed in this
thesis concerns the level of accuracy present in the various
accounts of the history of the Inca Empire, as provided by
chroniclers such as Cieza de Le6n (1553), 1 Sarmiento de
Gamboa (1572), 2 Urate (1555), 3 Betanzos (1551), 4 and
Cabello de Balboa (1602-03), 5 the visitas (visits to a
particular area) such as that recorded by Ortiz (1562),6 the
probanzas (legal documents), pleitos (Indians suing
comenderos for rights of land), historians' records such as
those of Markham 7 and Means, 8 the accounts by ethno-
historians such as Rowe, 9 Rostworowski, 10 Murra, 11
1 Pedro Cieza de Le6n, El seflorio de los Incas (Lima: Pontfficia
Universidad Cat6lica del Peru, 1976).
2 Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Segundo parte de Ia historia general
/lamada Indica (Buenos Aires: Biblioteca Emcee, 1942).
3 Agustin Zarate, Historia del descubrimiento y conquista del
PerU(Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Espaftoles, 1853), Vol. 25.
• Juan de Betanzos, Suma y Narraci6n de los Incas, ed. Poaria del
Carmen Martfn Rubio (Madrid: Ediciones Atlas, 1987).
s Miguel Cabello de Balboa, M1Sce16nea Anttfrtica: una historia del
Penl antiguo (Lima: Universidad Mayor de San Marcos 1951).
6 Ifligo Ortiz de ZUftiga, Visita de Ia provincia de Le6n de Hudnuco, ed.
J.V. Murra (Huanuco: Universidad Hermelio Valdizan, 1972).
7 Clements Markham, The Incas of Peru (London: Thomas and Hudson,
1912).
8 Philip Ainsworth Means, Biblioteca Andino: Part One: The
Chroniclers, or, the Writers of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
Who Treated the Pre-Hispanic History and Culture of the Andean
Countries, Vol 29 (Connecticut: Connecticut Academy of Arts and
Sciences, 1928).
9 John Howland Rowe, 'Absolute Chronology in the Andean Area',
American Antiquity, 10.3 (1945}, 265-84.