The Disorders: Specialty Articles from the Encyclopedia of Mental Health

465 Pages·2001·35.64 MB·English

by  Howard S. Friedman

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Specialty Articles from the
Encyclopedia of Mental Health
Editor-in-Chief
HOWARD S. FRIEDMAN
Department of Psychology
University of California, Riverside
ACADEMIC PRESS
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Contents
About the Editor-in-Chief vii Disorder (ADHD) 83
Preface ix Russell A. Barkley and
How to Use This Reference xi Gwenyth H. Edwards
Autism and Pervasive
Developmental Disorders 97
Deborah Fein, LeeAnne Green,
and Lynn Waterhouse
Agoraphobia
Geoffrey L. Thorpe
Borderline Personality Disorder 107
Alcohol Problems 15 Jerome Kroll
Melanie E. Bennett and William R. Miller
Classifying Mental Disorders:
Alzheimer's Disease 27 Nontraditional Approaches 117
Mark W. Bondi and Kelly L. Lange Theodore R. Sarbin and Ernest Keen
Amnesia 45 Conduct Disorder 131
John F. Kihlstrom and Elizabeth L. Glisky
Alan E. Kazdin
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa 57
Dementia 147
Melissa Pederson Mussell
John L. Woodard
and James E. Mitchell
Dependent Personality 169
Antisocial Personality Disorder 65
Robert F. Bornstein
Robert G. Meyer, Daniel Wolverton,
and Sarah E. Deitsch Depression 177
Rick E. Ingram and Christine Scher
Anxiety 75
Nader Amir and Michael J. Kozak
Dissociative Disorders 187
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Richard P. Kluft
vi
Contents
DSM-IV 209 Posttraumatic Stress 337
John J. B. Allen Lisa H. Jaycox and Edna B. Foa
Epilepsy 223 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) 347
Henry A. Buchtel
Katharina Dalton
Gambling 235
Psychopathology 357
Douglas Carroll and Frank F. Eves
Keith S. Dobson and Dennis Pusch
Mental Retardation and Mental Health 243
Sharon A. Borthwick-Duffy Schizophrenia 367
Jason Schiffman and Elaine Walker
Mood Disorders 259
Charles DeBattista, H. Brent Solvason, Sexual Disorders 379
and Alan F. Schatzberg Ronald M. Doctor and Bryan Neff
Narcissistic Personality Disorder 271 Somatization and Hypochondriasis 393
Salman Akhtar Javier I. Escobar and Michael A. Gara
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 277 Substance Abuse 403
Randy O. Frost and Gail Steketee
Thomas Ashby Wills
Panic Attacks 291
Suicide 417
Richard J. McNally
Ronald W. Maris
Paranoia 301
Allan Fenigstein
Encyclopedia of Mental Health Executive
Personality Disorders 311
Advisory Board 431
Robert G. Meyer
Contributors 433
Phobias 323
George A. Clum and Greg A. R. Febbraro Index 437
About the Editor-in-Chief
HOWARD S. FRIEDMAN is Distinguished Professor Social Science Citation Index. His books include two
of Psychology at the University of California, River- textbooks, Health Psychology and Personality; three
side. He also holds an adjunct appointment as Clini- edited scholarly volumes; and the authored compre-
cal Professor at the University of California, San hensive analysis titled The Self-Healing Personality.
Diego Medical School. Dr. Friedman attended Yale Dr. Friedman's research centers around the relations
University, graduating magna cum laude with honors of mental and physical health, with a special focus
in psychology. He was awarded a National Science on expressive style. He has taught undergraduates,
Foundation graduate fellowship at Harvard Univer- graduate students, medical students, and postdocs.
sity, where he received his Ph.D. Professor Friedman has received the career Out-
Professor Friedman is a thrice-elected Fellow of the standing Contributions to Health Psychology Award
American Psychological Association and an elected from the Health Psychology Division of the Ameri-
Fellow of the Society of Behavioral Medicine and the can Psychological Association. He also received the
American Association for the Advancement of Sci- Distinguished Teaching Award from the University of
ence (AAAS). Friedman is author of many influential California, Riverside, and the Outstanding Teacher
scientific articles in leading journals and was named Award from the Western Psychological Association.
a "most-cited psychologist" by the publishers of the
ViIoI
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Preface
A number of scientific and intellectual trends have the need for efficacious treatments. Fourth, we now
converged to change our understanding of mental emphasize primary mental health promotionmthe
health. Conceptions of mental health and mental dis- structural, environmental, family, and cultural context
orders have broadened significantly to take into ac- of mental health. Fifth, the best scholars now recognize
count new knowledge about the genetic, biological, meaningful variations across ages, genders, cultures,
developmental, social, societal, and cultural nature of families, and societies. That is, to understand fully and
human beings. Our award-winning Encyclopedia of improve significantly a person's mental health, we need
Mental Health was the first to bring together these to know not only about that person's biological and
emerging trends in one resource, and now the contri- personal makeup, but also about his or her age, family,
butions primarily relevant to assessment and to the work, and position in society.
mental disorders are being made more accessible to
those who desire a more concise and focused refer-
ence work. CONTENTS
What are these mental health trends affecting our
understanding of the disorders? First, our under- This volume on mental disorders thus encompasses
standing has moved well beyond the artificial nature- various levels of analysis, from the molecular and bio-
nurture dichotomy. We know more and more about logical, through the social and family, to the cultural.
the biological underpinnings of mental states and We have therefore included coverage of key topics not
behavior, but we also better understand how these bio- traditionally found in such a reference work. We of
logical tendencies unfold in a family, social, and cul- course include topics such as depression, conduct dis-
tural environment. Second, we have moved beyond the order, mood disorders, panic attacks, personality dis-
old "mental" versus "physical" ("mind versus body") orders, schizophrenia, phobias, and somatization and
dichotomies. To a greater extent than previously imag- hypochondriasis. But we also examine such impor-
ined, there is a strong reciprocal relation between our tant matters as alcohol problems, Alzheimer's disease,
health and activity and our cognitions, moods, and anorexia and bulimia, premenstrual syndrome, gam-
mental well-being. Third, the experts increasingly rec- bling, substance abuse, suicide, and attention deficit/
ognize the complementary importance of prevention hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Also of note is that
and treatment. A simple model of treating mental "dis- methodological issues receive attention throughout,
ease" is often ultimately futile without associated pre- including chapters on DSM-W and on nontraditional
vention efforts, yet prevention cannot sensibly ignore approaches to classifying mental disorders.