The Development of the Polis in Archaic Greece

141 Pages·1997·2.11 MB·English

by  Lynette Mitchell

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLIS IN ARCHAIC GREECE
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLIS IN
ARCHAIC GREECE
Edited by Lynette G.Mitchell and P.J.Rhodes
London and New York
First published 1997
by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
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by Routledge
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Selection and editorial matter © 1997 Lynette G.Mitchell and P.J.Rhodes
Individual chapters © the contributors
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Mitchell, Lynette G. and Rhodes, P.J.
The Development of the Polis in Archaic Greece
Mitchell and Rhodes.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-415-14752-2 (Print Edition)
1. Greece—Politics and Government—To 146 BC
I. Mitchell, Lynette G. (Lynette Gail), 1966–
II. Rhodes, P.J. (Peter John)
JC73.D47 1997
320.938–dc20 96–34187
CIP
ISBN 0-203-44082-X(cid:13) Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-74906-5(cid:13) (Adobe eReader Format)
CONTENTS
Figures and tables vi
List of contributors vii
Preface viii
Abbreviations ix
1 INTRODUCTION 1
P.J.Rhodes
2 THE COPENHAGEN INVENTORY OF POLEIS AND THE LEX HAFNIENSIS DE CIVTTATE 5
Mogens Herman Hansen
3 THE ‘ORIGINS OF THE GREEK POLIS’: WHERE SHOULD WE BE LOOKING? 13
John K.Davies
4 THE RELATIONS OF POWER IN THE PRE-STATE AND EARLY STATE POLITIES 21
Walter Donlan
5 SOLDIERS, CITIZENS, AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE EARLY GREEK POLIS 26
Kurt A.Raaflaub
6 LOPPING OFF THE HEADS? TYRANTS, POLITICS AND THE POLIS 32
John Salmon
7 LAW AND LAWS: HOW DO WE JOIN UP THE DOTS? 39
Robin Osborne
8 THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPARTAN SOCIETY AND INSTITUTIONS IN THE ARCHAIC PERIOD 44
Stephen Hodkinson
9 A NEW SOLUTION TO THE RIDDLE OF THE SEISACHTHEIA 55
Edward M.Harris
10 A VIEW FROM THE TOP: EVALUATING THE SOLONIAN PROPERTY CLASSES 61
Lin Foxhall
11 NEW WINE IN OLD WINESKINS: SOLON, ARETE AND THE AGATHOS 75
Lynette G.Mitchell
12 EVALUATING THE CITIZEN IN ARCHAIC GREEK LYRIC, ELEGY AND INSCRIBED EPIGRAM 82
George I.C.Robertson
13 THEMIS: RELIGION AND ORDER IN THE ARCHAIC POLIS 8 7
Emma J.Stafford
14 THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF SANCTUARIES IN EARLY IRON AGE AND ARCHAIC ETHNE: A 92
PRELIMINARY VIEW
Catherine Morgan
15 THE NATURE OF GREEK OVERSEAS SETTLEMENTS IN THE ARCHAIC PERIOD: EMPORION OR 110
APOIKIA?
John-Paul Wilson
16 SERVIUS TULLIUS, CLEISTHENES AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE POLIS IN CENTRAL ITALY 115
Christopher Smith
v
Bibliography 120
Index 127
FIGURES AND TABLES
FIGURES
Figure 10.1 Site densities and distribution in a Kea, the b South Argolid and c Methana between the Early Iron Age 67
and the Early Hellenistic periods
Source: After Cherry, Davis and Mantzourani, Landscape Archaeology as Long-Term History; Jameson, Runnels
and van Andel, A Greek Countryside; Mee and Forbes, A Rough and Rocky Place
Figure 14.1 Early Iron Age Thessaly
Source: After Arachoviti, in Θεσσaλía 93
Figure 14.2 Protogeometric and Geometric remains in Pherai (modern Velestino)
Source: After Dougleri Intzesiloglou, in Θεσσαλíα 94
Figure 14.3 Theoretical territories of poleis on the eastern Thessalian plain
Source: After di Salvatore, in Θεσσαλíα 95
Figure 14.4 The location of the sanctuary of Artemis at Kalapodi 96
Figure 14.5 The sanctuary of Artemis at Kalapodi
Source: After Felsch et al., AA (1987) 97
Figure 14.6 Principal sites in the vicinity of Kalapodi
Source: After Ellinger, La Légende nationale phocidienne 98
Figure 14.7 Protogeometric and Early Geometric settlement in Phokis
Source: After Ph. Dasios, Φẁkikα Xpóvika 4 (1992) 99
Figure 14.8 Protogeometric and Early Geometric settlement in Lokris
Source: After Dakoronia, Hesperia 62 (1993)
100
Figure 14.9a Eighth-century settlement in Phokis
Source: After Dakoronia Hesperia 62 (1993)
101
Figure 14.9b Archaic settlement in Phokis
Source: After Ph. Dasios, Φ kika XpoviKa 4 (1992) 102
Figure 14.10 Arkadia 800–600 BC
Source: After Voyatzis, The Early Sanctuary of Athena Alea at Tegea, and other Archaic Sanctuaries in Arcadia
(cid:20)(cid:19)3
Figure 14.11 The sanctuary of Athena Alea at Tegea Reproduced from E.Østby et al., O.Ath. 20 (1994), by courtesy of
(cid:20)(cid:19)4
Dr Østby
TABLES
Table 8.1 Datable numbers of Lakonian bronze statuettes 50
Table 8.2 Published bronze finds at Spartan sanctuaries, c. 650–c. 350 50
Table 10.1 Exploitation of the countryside in Archaic and Classical Greece: comparative survey results 66
Table 10.2 Property requirements and subsistence potential of the Solonian property classes 70
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
John K.Davies is Professor of Ancient History and Classical Archaeology, and Leverhulme Research Professor, in the
University of Liverpool.
Walter Donlan is a Professor of Classics in the University of California at Irvine.
Lin Foxhall is a Lecturer in Ancient History in the University of Leicester.
Mogens Herman Hansen is Director of the Copenhagen Polis Centre, University of Copenhagen.
Edward M.Harris is a Professor in the Department of Classics, Brooklyn College and the Graduate School, The City
University of New York.
Stephen Hodkinson is a Lecturer in Ancient History in the University of Manchester.
Lynette G.Mitchell is a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow at Oriel College, University of Oxford.
Catherine Morgan is a Lecturer in Classics at King’s College, University of London.
Robin Osborne is a Professor of Ancient History and Fellow of Corpus Christi College, University of Oxford.
Kurt A.Raaflaub is Professor of Classics and History at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, and Joint Director
of the Center for Hellenic Studies, Washington, DC.
P.J.Rhodes is Professor of Ancient History in the University of Durham.
George I.C.Robertson is a Lecturer in Classics in Memorial University of Newfoundland.
John Salmon is a Senior Lecturer in Classics in the University of Nottingham.
Christopher Smith is a Lecturer in Ancient History in the University of St Andrews.
Emma J.Stafford is a Lecturer in Classics in the University of Wales, Lampeter.
John-Paul Wilson is a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow at University College, London.
PREFACE
This collection of essays is based on the papers read at a conference in Durham in September 1995. In planning the
conference we wanted to confront from a number of angles the fundamental questions of why and how the polis developed
and what this development tells us about Archaic Greece. We invited six speakers (John Davies, Lin Foxhall, Mogens Hansen,
Stephen Hodkinson, Catherine Morgan and John Salmon) to deal with six themes, and we then issued a general invitation to
intending participants to offer shorter papers, as a result of which our repertoire was expanded to include the range which is
covered in this book. We should like to thank not only our speakers but all those who participated in the conference and made
it such a success.
For financial help we are grateful to the Classical Association, the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies and the
Department of Classics at the University of Durham. We thank the Principal and the staff of Colling-wood College, Durham,
for the use of their facilities, and the University of Durham for administrative underpinning. Special thanks must go also to
James Pile for helping the four days to run so smoothly.
After the conference Routledge agreed to publish our book, and have done so with great efficiency, and our speakers
revised their papers with welcome promptness. Finally, we should like to thank the members of the Department of Classics at
Durham for their support and encouragement.
L.G.M. and P.J.R.
April 1996
ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations for the names and works of ancient authors and for editions of inscriptions and papyri are mostly those used in
the 2nd edition of the Oxford Classical Dictionary (the 3rd edition had not yet appeared when the book went to press), but
note:
Ath. Pol. the Athenaion Politeia attributed to Aristotle
without
indication of
author
Buck Buck, The Greek Dialects
Her. Herodotus
Hes. W.D. Hesiod, Works and Days
LSAG Jeffery, The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece
LSCG Sokolowski, Lois sacrées des cités grecques
Meiggs and Meiggs and Lewis, A Selection of Greek Historical Inscriptions
Lewis
The editions used for the texts of fragments of poetry are specified at the first citation of each poet in each chapter; notice:
CEG Hansen, Carmina Epigraphica Graeca
LGS Page, Lyrica Graeca Selecta
PMG Page, Poetae Melici Graeci
Details of books cited are given in the Bibliography; details of articles in periodicals are given in the Notes at the end of the
chapters. Abbreviations for the titles of periodicals are mostly those used in L’Année Philologique, with the usual Anglophone
divergences (AJP rather than AJPh, etc.), but notice:
AM Athenische Mitteilungen (i.e. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung)
BSA Annual of the British School at Athens
The following abbreviations are used for volumes of conference proceedings: B′ (etc.) Σuv.Πελ.Σπov=ΠpαkTiká Tov B′ (etc.)
Δiεθvovς Σuvεdpíov IIελoπovnσiαkv Σπovd 2nd symp. Ship-Construction= Proceedings: 2nd International Symposium on
Ship-Construction in Antiquity.
And it should be noted that throughout this volume ancient dates are BC unless otherwise stated.