The Development of Latin Clause Structure: A Study of the Extended Verb Phrase

384 Pages·2017·2.04 MB·English

by  Lieven Danckaert

The Development of Latin Clause Structure
OXFORDSTUDIES IN DIACHRONICANDHISTORICAL LINGUISTICS
GENERAL EDITORS:AdamLedgewayandIanRoberts,UniversityofCambridge
ADVISORY EDITORS:CynthiaAllen,AustralianNationalUniversity;RicardoBermúdez-
Otero, University of Manchester; Theresa Biberauer, University of Cambridge;
Charlotte Galves, University of Campinas; Geoff Horrocks, University of Cambridge;
Paul Kiparsky, Stanford University; Anthony Kroch, University of Pennsylvania;
David Lightfoot, Georgetown University; Giuseppe Longobardi, University of York;
George Walkden, University of Konstanz; David Willis, University of Cambridge
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The Development of
Latin Clause Structure
A Study of the Extended Verb Phrase
LIEVEN DANCKAERT
1
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,18/4/2017,SPi
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Contents
Seriespreface ix
Acknowledgements x
Listoffiguresandtables xii
Abbreviations xvi
Anoteonglossingconventions xxiii
. Whatisatstake:wordorder,configurationality,andthepotentialfor
structuralambiguity 
. Introduction:whatthisbookisabout 
. Latinwordorderflexibility:abriefdemonstration 
.. Wordorderpermutations 
.. Discontinuousconstituents 
.. Tosumup 
. ApproachestoLatinwordorder 
.. Non-configurationalapproaches 
.. Semi-configurationalapproaches:lineartemplates 
.. Configurationalapproaches:phrasestructure 
.. Anoteonhybridsystems 
.. Tosumup 
. Configurationalornot:whybother? 
.. Introducingstructuralambiguity... 
.. ...andapplyingittoLatin 
.. Thequestioninanutshell:doesLatinhaveaVPconstituent? 
. EvidenceforaLatinVP,part:theinteractionbetweenverb
placementandnegation 
.. TheNegVORfacts:astepwisedescription 
.. Interlude:fromdescriptiontoexplanation 
.. ExplainingNegVOR:aphrasestructurebasedaccount 
.. Discardinganon-explanation:the‘NegFirstprinciple’ 
. EvidenceforaLatinVP,part:constituencytests 
.. Coordination 
.. Displacement(fronting) 
.. Ellipsis 
.. Pronominalization 
.. Relativization 
.. Tosumup 
vi Contents
. Discardingsomenon-argumentsagainstconfigurationality 
.. Discontinuousconstituents 
.. Anoteonwordorderinpoetry 
. Someremarksonnon-configurationalityingenerativegrammar 
. Conclusion:Latinasa(discourse-)configurationallanguage 
. Latincorpuslinguisticsandthestudyoflanguagechange:methods,
problems,andprospects 
. Studyinglanguagevariationandchange 
.. Thenatureoflinguisticvariation 
.. Anillustration:theEnglishdativealternation 
. ALatincorpus(ca.BC–AD) 
.. Compositionofthecorpus 
.. Sometextsthatwerenottakenintoaccount 
.. Somemethodologicalremarks 
.. Interimconclusion 
. TheLatincorpusasasourceofinformationonlanguagechange 
.. S-curvesandthecourseoflanguagechange 
.. Thedevelopmentoftheanalyticfutureperfect 
. Aconcludingnoteonsynchronyanddiachrony(andthescope
ofthisbook) 
. Multipleobjectpositionsandhowtodiagnosethem 
. OV/VOindiachrony:anintroduction 
.. Wherewestand 
.. Someinitialcorpusdata 
. AthirdargumentforaconfigurationalapproachtoLatinsyntax 
.. TheOV/VOalternationacrosssyntacticcontexts 
.. Ahypothesis:differenttypesofOVandVO 
.. Testingthehypothesis 
.. Interimsummary 
. Thesyntaxofobjectplacement:evidenceformorethantwo
objectpositions 
.. Lookingfor‘analyticmonoclausality’inLatin 
.. ThespecialbehaviourofLatinBE-periphrases 
.. Takingstock 
. ThephrasestructureofLatinmodals 
.. Acartographichypothesis 
.. TenseinLatinmodalconstructions 
.. Latinmodalsasraisingverbs 
.. Modalsandnegation 
. Conclusionandroadmap 
Contents vii
. VOAux:atypologicallyrarewordorderpattern 
. Acloserlookatthediachronyofobjectplacement 
.. Objectplacementinclauseswithamodalverb 
.. VOinVPAuxandAuxVPcontexts 
. WhatisspecialabouttheVOAux-pattern 
.. Antisymmetryandthesyntaxofcomplement-headsequences 
.. Roll-upmovementandtheFinal-Over-FinalConstraint(FOFC) 
. GettingtoknowLatinVOAux:fivebasicproperties 
.. (Thelinearorder)VOAuxexists 
.. VOAuxisonlyproductiveinClassicalLatin 
.. VOAuxinclauseswithaBE-auxiliary 
.. VOAuxacrossclausetypes 
.. Thenatureofthedirectobject 
. ThesynchronicsyntaxofVOAux-clauses 
.. Fouralternativederivations 
.. Intermediateconclusion:thederivationofClassicalLatin
[[VO]Aux](firstapproximation) 
. ThelossofVOAux 
.. ThedeclineofVOAuxversusthedeclineofVPAux 
.. ClassicalandLateLatin:revisitingtheperiodization 
. Conclusion:anewlookattheOV/VOalternation 
. ChangingEPPparameters:clausestructureinClassicalandLateLatin 
. TheVPAux/AuxVPalternationinthehistoryofLatin 
.. Introduction 
.. VPAux/AuxVP:theessentialdescriptives 
.. Theexplananda 
.. Theanalysisinanutshell 
. WhatClassicalLatin‘VP[–Neg–]Aux’isnot 
.. Headmovement 
.. VPintraposition 
.. Roll-upmovement 
. GrammarA:EPP-drivenVPmovement 
.. Introduction:parametersofEPP-checking 
.. LatinVPdisplacementasA-movement 
.. ThesyntaxofAuxVP-clausesinGrammarA 
.. TheEPPinGrammarA:evidencefrompassives 
.. Interimconclusion 
. ThegenesisofGrammarB:Neg-procliticizationand
syntacticreanalysis 
.. Thedevelopmentofnegation:Jespersen’sCycle 
viii Contents
.. Neg-procliticizationinLateLatin 
.. GrammarB:LateLatinVPAux 
.. LateLatinAuxVP 
. PropertiesofGrammarB 
.. Afirstconsequence:thedeclineof‘V–InternalArgument–Aux’ 
.. AnewwayofEPP-checking:internalargumentsacross
voicetypesrevisited 
.. EarlyandlateAuxVP-clausescompared 
. Conclusion 
. ThedevelopmentofBE-periphrases 
. TwotypesofBE-periphrases 
. ThedevelopmentoftheF-paradigm 
.. EarlydifferentiationofEandF? 
.. ThespreadoftheF-paradigm 
.. Intermediatesummary 
. ThedevelopmentoftheE-paradigm 
.. Somedifferencesbetweenearlyandlate‘PaPa-BE’ 
.. WeakBE 
.. Discussion:someunrelatedphenomena 
. Anoteonthelossofthesyntheticpassive 
. Conclusion 
Epilogue
Variabledirectionofcomplementationin
theLatinclause:asynthesis 
Glossary 
References 
Indexlocorum 
Authorindex 
Subjectindex 
Series preface
Modern diachronic linguistics has important contacts with other subdisciplines,
notably first-language acquisition, learnability theory, computational linguistics,
sociolinguisticsandthetraditionalphilologicalstudyoftexts.Itisnowrecognizedin
thewiderfieldthatdiachroniclinguisticscanmakeanovelcontributiontolinguistic
theory,tohistoricallinguisticsandarguablytocognitivesciencemorewidely.
Thisseriesprovidesaforumforworkinbothdiachronicandhistoricallinguistics,
including work on change in grammar, sound, and meaning within and across
languages; synchronic studies of languages in the past; and descriptive histories of
oneormorelanguages.Itisintendedtoreflectandencouragethelinksbetweenthese
subjectsandfieldssuchasthosementionedabove.
The goal of the series is to publish high-quality monographs and collections of
papersindiachroniclinguisticsgenerally,i.e.studiesfocussingonchangeinlinguis-
tic structure, and/or change in grammars, which are also intended to make a
contribution to linguistic theory, by developing and adopting a current theoretical
model, by raising wider questions concerning the nature of language change or by
developing theoretical connections with other areas of linguistics and cognitive
science as listed above. There is no bias towards a particular language or language
family,ortowardsaparticulartheoreticalframework;workinalltheoreticalframe-
works,and work based on the descriptive tradition of language typology,as well as
quantitativelybasedworkusingtheoreticalideas,alsofeatureintheseries.
AdamLedgewayandIanRoberts
UniversityofCambridge